182
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Performance indicators and specifications for fusion-bonded-epoxy(FBE)-coated steel rebars in concrete exposed to chlorides

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 265-283 | Received 09 Aug 2020, Accepted 01 Dec 2020, Published online: 22 Jan 2021

References

  • Angst, U., Elsener, B., Larsen, C. K., & Vennesland, O. (2009). Critical chloride content in reinforced concrete — A review. Cement and Concrete Research, 39(12), 1122–1138. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.006
  • Ann, K. Y., & Song, H. W. (2007). Chloride threshold level for corrosion of steel in concrete. Corrosion Science, 49(11), 4113–4133. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2007.05.007
  • ASTM A 775/A 775M – 07B. (2017). Standard specification for epoxy-coated steel reinforcing bars. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States.
  • ASTM G154. (2016). Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials. American Society of Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States.
  • Bacon, C. R., Smith, J. J., & Rugg, F. M. (1948). Electrolytic Resistance in Evaluating Protective Merit of Coatings on Metals. Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 40(1), 161–167. doi:10.1021/ie50457a041
  • Bahadori, A. (2015). Engineering Guidelines for Protective Coatings in Buried and Submerged Steel Structures. Essentials of Coating, Painting, and Lining for the Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries, 411–439. Gulf Professional Publishing. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801407-3.00006-7
  • Brown, M. C., Weyers, R. E., & Sprinkel, M. M. (2006). Service life extension of virginia bridge decks afforded by epoxy-coated reinforcement. Journal of ASTM International, 3(2), 1–13. doi:10.1520/JAI11793
  • Cambier, S. M. (2014). “Atmospheric corrosion of coated steel; relationship between laboratory and field testing.” Ph.D. Thesis, Ohio State University, The Ohio State University.
  • Cambier, S. M., Posner, R., & Frankel, G. S. (2014). Coating and interface degradation of coated steel, Part 1: Field exposure. Electrochimica acta, 133, 30–39. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.004.
  • Cheng, K. C., Lin, C. M., Wang, S. F., Lin, S. T., & Yang, C. F. (2007). Dielectric properties of epoxy resin-barium titanate composites at high frequency. Materials Letters, 61(3), 757–760. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2006.05.061
  • Cividanes, L. S., Simonetti, E. A. N., Moraes, M. B., Fernandes, F. W., Thim, G. P., & Tecnol, I. (2014). Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Epoxy Resin Cure Reaction Using Different Techniques : A Comprehensive Review. Polymer Engineering and Science, 54(11), 2461–2469. doi:10.1002/pen.23775
  • Darwin, D., O’Reilly, M., Browning, J., Locke, C. E., Virmani, Y. P., Ji, J., Gong, L., Guo, G., Draper, J., & Xing, L. (2014). Multiple Corrosion-Protection 35 Systems for Reinforced-Concrete Bridge Components: Laboratory Tests. Journals of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(36), 1–9. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000991
  • FHRA. (1976). Interim Report No. 2 - NEEP No. 16 Coated Reinforcing Steel for Bridges. Washington D.C.
  • Garcia, C., Lindner, H., & Niemax, K. (2008). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - current shortcomings, practical suggestions for improving performance, and experiments to guide future development. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 24(1), 14–26. doi:10.1039/B813124B
  • Ghasemi-Kahrizsangi, A., Shariatpanahi, H., Neshati, J., & Akbarinezhad, E. (2015). Degradation of modified carbon black/epoxy nanocomposite coatings under ultraviolet exposure. Applied Surface Science, 353, 530–539. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.029.
  • Griffith, A., & Laylor, H. M. (1999). Epoxy Coated Reinforcement Study. Oregon: Oregon Department of Transportation Research.
  • Grundmeier, G., Schmidt, W., & Stratmann, M. (2000). Corrosion protection by organic coatings: Electrochemical mechanism and novel methods of investigation. Electrochimica acta, 45(15–16), 2515–2533. doi:10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00348-0
  • Hansson, C. M., Haas, R., Green, R., Evers, R. C., Gepraegs, O. K., & Al-Assar, R. (2000). Final Report, Corrosion Protection Strategies for Ministry Bridges. University of Waterloo.
  • Kamde, D. K. (2020). Electrochemical, bond, and service life parameters of coated steel - cementitious systems exposed to chlorides. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai.
  • Kamde, D. K., & Pillai, R. G. (2020a). Effect of sunlight/ultraviolet exposure on the corrosion of fusion bonded-epoxy (FBE) coated steel rebars in concretepp. 843-859. Corrosion (Houston). doi:10.5006/3588
  • Kamde, D. K., & Pillai, R. G. (2020b). “Chloride-induced corrosion of Fusion-Bonded-Epoxy coated steel rebars in concrete and its effects on service life.” (Unpublished work)
  • Kessler, S., Angst, U., Zintel, M., & Gehlen, C. (2016). Defects in epoxy coated reinforcement and its impact on service-life of concrete structures. Fib Structural Journal, 16(3), 398–405.
  • Kittelberger, W. W., & Elm, A. C. (1946). Water Immersion Testing of Metal Protective Paints: Role of Osmosis in Water Absorption and Blistering. Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 38(7), 695–699. doi:10.1021/ie50439a015
  • Klopfer, H. (1974). Wassertransport durch Diffusion in Feststoffen insbesondere Baustoffen, Kunststoffen, Beschichtungen. Wiesbaden, Germany: Bauverlag GmbH. ISBN: 3762503834.
  • Kobayashi, K., & Takewaka, K. (1984). Experimental studies on epoxy coated reinforcing steel for corrosion protection. International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, 6(2), 99–116. doi:10.1016/0262-5075(84)90039-3
  • Liu, B., Fang, Z. G., H. Bin, W., & Wang, T. (2013). Effect of cross linking degree and adhesion force on the anti-corrosion performance of epoxy coatings under simulated deep sea environment. Progress in Organic Coatings, 76(12), 1814–1818. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2013.05.022.
  • Manning, D. G. (1996). Corrosion performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel: North American experience. Construction and Building Materials, 10(5), 349–365. doi:10.1016/0950-0618(95)00028-3
  • Mayne, J. E. O. (1973). The mechanism of the protection of iron and steel by paint, Anti Corros. (October) 3–8.
  • Miller, G. G., Kepler, J. L., & Darwin, D. (2003). Effect of epoxy coating thickness on bond strength of reinforcing bars. ACI Structural Journal, 100(3), 314–320.
  • Monetta, T., Bellucci, F., Nicodemo, L., & Nicolais, L. (1993). Protective properties of epoxy-based organic coatings on mild steel. Progress in Organic Coatings, 21(4), 353–369. doi:10.1016/0033-0655(93)80050-K
  • Nikafshar, S., Zabihi, O., Ahmadi, M., Mirmohseni, A., Taseidifar, M., & Naebe, M. (2017). The effects of UV light on the chemical and mechanical properties of a transparent epoxy-diamine system in the presence of an organic UV absorber. Materials, 10(2), 1–18. doi:10.3390/ma10020180
  • Öchsner, W. P., Bergk, B., Fischer, E., & Gaszner, K. (2005). Wasseraufnahme von Beschichtungen: Sorptionsisothermen für Wasser in organischen Beschichtungen und deren Einfluss auf die Beschichtungseigenschaften. Farbe und Lack, 111, 42–51.
  • Pianca, F., Schell, H., & Cautillo, G. (2005). The performance of epoxy coated reinforcement : Experience of the Ontario ministry of transportation. International Journal Materials and Product Technology, 23(3/4), 286–308. doi:10.1504/IJMPT.2005.007732
  • Pourbaix, M., “Atlas d’équilibres électrochimiques,” Centre Belge d’Etude de la Corrosion CEBELCOR (Paris, France: Gauthier- Villars & Cie., 1963).
  • Pyć, W. A., Weyers, R. E., Weyers, M., Mokarem, D. W., & Zemajtis, J. (2000). Field performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel in virginia bridge decks. Charlottesville, Virginia: Virginia Department of Transportation.
  • Sagüés, A. A., Lau, K., & Accardi, A. Final Report “Mechanistic Issues on Corrosion Performance of Dual Polymer–Zinc Coated Rebar”, Gerdau-Ameristeel, 2010a
  • Sagüés, A. A., Lau, K., Powers, R. G., & Kessler, R. J. (2010b). Corrosion of epoxy-coated rebar in marine bridges - A 30 year perspective. CORROSION, 66(6), 065001. doi:10.5006/1.3452397
  • Sagüés, A. A., Perez-Duran, H., & Powers, R. (1991). Corrosion performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel in marine substructure service. Corrosion, 47(11), 884. doi:10.5006/1.3585202
  • Sagüés, A. A., & Zayed, A. M. (1991). Low-Frequency Electrochemical Impedance for Measuring Corrosion of Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete. Corrosion, 47(11), 852–859. doi:10.5006/1.3585197
  • Sánchez, A. N., & Sagüés, A. A. (2013) Potential-Dependent Chloride Threshold in Reinforced Concrete Damage Prediction – Effect of Activation Zone Size. NACE, paper No. 2704.
  • Shi, X., Nguyen, T. A., Suo, Z., Liu, Y., & Avci, R. (2009). Effect of nanoparticles on the anticorrosion and mechanical properties of epoxy coating. Surface & Coatings Technology, 204(3), 237–245. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.06.048.
  • SHRP-S-330. (1993). “Standard Test Method for Chloride Content in Concrete Using the Specific Ion Probe.” Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
  • Singh, D. D. N., & Ghosh, R. (2005). Unexpected deterioration of fusion-bonded epoxy-coated rebars embedded in chloride-contaminated concrete environments. Corrosion, 61(8), 815–829. doi:10.5006/1.3278216
  • Smith J. L., Virmani Y. P. (1996). Performance of Epoxy-Coated Rebars in Bridge Decks, Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology, Washington D.C. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au6.cfm.
  • Soles, C. L., & Yee, A. F. (2000). A discussion of the molecular mechanisms of moisture transport in epoxy resins. Journal of Polymer Science. Part B, Polymer Physics, 38(5), 792–802. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(20000301)38:5<792::AID-POLB16>3.0.CO;2-H
  • Trejo, D. (2020). Personal discussion with Prof. David Trejo. Chennai: Oregon State University.
  • Vaca, E.C. (1998). Corrosion Performance of Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement in Aggressive Environments, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
  • Wang, X. H., & Gao, Y. (2016). Corrosion behavior of epoxy-coated reinforced bars in RC test specimens subjected to pre-exposure loading and wetting-drying cycles. Construction and Building Materials, 119, 185–205. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.066.
  • Wang, Z., Zhang, F., Song, N., & Ni, L. (2008). The Influence of Barium Sulfate on the Mechanical Properties of Glass/Epoxy Resin Composite. Polymers & Polymer Composites, 16(4), 257–262. doi:10.1177/096739110801600405
  • Weyers, R. E., Pyc, W., & Sprinkel, M. M. (1998). Estimating the service life of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel. ACI Materials Journal, 95(5), 546–557.
  • Zhou, J., & Lucas, J. P. (1999). Hygrothermal effects of epoxy resin. Part I: The nature of water in epoxy. Polymer, 40(20), 5505–5512. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00790-3

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.