Identifying and Treating Anxiety in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder/Intellectual Developmental Disorder: A Review

References

• Achenbach, T. M. (1999). The Child Behavior Checklist and related instruments. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment (pp. 429–466). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Appleton, R., Connell, C., Fairclough, E., Tuomainen, H., & Singh, S. P. (2019). Outcomes of young people who reach the transition boundary of child and adolescent mental health services: A systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(11), 1431–1446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01307-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asperger, H. (1991). Autistic psychopathy in childhood. U. Frith. (Ed.), Autism and Asperger syndrome 37–92. Cambridge University Press. (Originalwork published 1944)., Trans https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002
   Google Scholar
• Association, A. P. (2013). The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Bakken, T. L., Helverschou, S. B., Eilertsen, D. E., Heggelund, T., Myrbakk, E., & Martinsen, H. (2010). Psychiatric disorders in adolescents and adults with autism and intellectual disability: A representative study in one county in Norway. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31(6), 1669–1677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearss, K., Taylor, C. A., Aman, M. G., Whittemore, R., Lecavalier, L., Miller, J., Pritchett, J., Green, B., & Scahill, L. (2016). Using qualitative methods to guide scale development for anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 20(6), 663–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315601012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellini, S. (2006). The development of social anxiety in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 21(3), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/10883576060210030201
   Google Scholar
• Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., & Baugher, M. (1999). Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): A replication study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(10), 1230–1236. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blakeley‐Smith, A., Meyer, A. T., Boles, R. E., & Reaven, J. (2021). Group cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety in autistic adolescents with intellectual disability: A pilot and feasibility study. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(3), 777–788. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulter, C., Freeston, M., South, M., & Rodgers, J. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty as a framework for understanding anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(6), 1391–1402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2001-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervantes, P. E., & Matson, J. L. (2015). Comorbid symptomology in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(12), 3961–3970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2553-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chok, J. T., Demanche, J., Kennedy, A., & Studer, L. (2010). Utilizing physiological measures to facilitate phobia treatment with individuals with autism and intellectual disability: A case study. Behavioral Interventions, 25(4), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duerden, E. G., Oatley, H. K., Mak-Fan, K. M., McGrath, P. A., Taylor, M. J., Szatmari, P., & Roberts, S. W. (2012). Risk factors associated with self-injurious behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(11), 2460–2470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1497-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esbensen, A. J., Rojahn, J., Aman, M. G., & Ruedrich, S. (2003). Reliability and validity of an assessment instrument for anxiety, depression, and mood among individuals with mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(6), 617–629. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADD.0000005999.27178.55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, D. W., Canavera, K., Kleinpeter, F. L., Maccubbin, E., & Taga, K. (2005). The fears, phobias and anxieties of children with autism spectrum disorders and down syndrome: comparisons with developmentally and chronologically age matched children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 36(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-004-3619-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fodstad, J. C., Kerswill, S. A., Kirsch, A. C., Lagges, A., & Schmidt, J. (2020). Assessment and Treatment of noise hypersensitivity in a teenager with autism spectrum disorder: A case study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(6), 1811–1822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04650-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, H. E., Kagan, E. R., Storch, E. A., Wood, J. J., Kerns, C. M., Lewin, A. B., Small, B. J., & Kendall, P. C. (2020). Accommodation of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder: Results from the TAASD study. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, Ahead-Of-Print, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2020.1759075
   Google Scholar
• Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (2015). Child and adolescent symptom inventory-5. Checkmate Plus. https://checkmateplus.com/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Ghaziuddin, M., & Zafar, S. (2008). Psychiatric comorbidity of adults with autism spectrum disorders. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 5(1), 9–12. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/MohammadGhaziuddin
   Google Scholar
• Gobrial, E. (2019). Comorbid mental health disorders in children and young people with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 13(5), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1108/AMHID-05-2018-0026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotham, K., Bishop, S. L., Hus, V., Huerta, M., Lund, S., Buja, A., Krieger, A., & Lord, C. (2013). Exploring the relationship between anxiety and insistence on sameness in autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research, 6(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, S. A., Berkovits, L. D., & Baker, B. L. (2015). Symptoms and development of anxiety in children with or without intellectual disability. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(1), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.873979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groden, G., & Lantz, S. (2001). The reliability of the detailed behavior report (DBR) in documenting functional assessment observations. Behavioral Interventions: Theory & Practice in Residential & Community-Based Clinical Programs, 16(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.71
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagopian, L. P., & Jennett, H. K. (2008). Behavioral assessment and treatment of anxiety in individuals with intellectual disabilities and autism. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 20(5), 467–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-008-9114-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, B. H., Oerbeck, B., Skirbekk, B., Petrovski, B. É., & Kristensen, H. (2018). Neurodevelopmental disorders: Prevalence and comorbidity in children referred to mental health services. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 72(4), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2018.1444087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. O., Collins, T. A., & Murphy, J. M. (2019). Assessing challenging behaviors. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Handbook of Intellectual Disabilities: Integrating theory, research, and practice (pp. 427–444). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20843-1_24
   Google Scholar
• Helverschou, S. B., & Martinsen, H. (2011). Anxiety in people diagnosed with autism and intellectual disability: Recognition and phenomenology. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermans, H., van der Pas, F., & Evenhuis, H. (2011). Group cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety in autistic adolescents with intellectual Disability: A Pilot and feasibility study. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(3), 861–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.034
   Google Scholar
• Higa-mcmillan, C. K., Francis, S. E., Rith-Najarian, L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2016). Evidence base update: 50 years of research on treatment for child and adolescent anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(2), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1046177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain, M. M., Khan, N., Sultana, A., Ma, P., McKyer, E. L. J., Ahmed, H. U., & Purohit, N. (2020). Prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among people with autism spectrum disorder: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Psychiatry Research, 287, May 2020, 112922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2(3), 217–250.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, M. E., LaRue, R. H., Roane, H. S., & Gadaire, D. M. (2011). Indirect behavioral assessments: Interviews and rating scales. In W. W. Fisher, C. C. Piazza, & H. S. Roane (Eds.), Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis (pp. 182–205). Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Kerns, C. M., Kendall, P. C., Berry, L., Souders, M. C., Franklin, M. E., Schultz, R. T., Miller, J., & Herrington, J. (2014). Traditional and atypical presentations of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11), 2851–2861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2141-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerns, C. M., Kendall, P. C., Zickgraf, H., Franklin, M. E., Miller, J., & Herrington, J. (2015). Not to be overshadowed or overlooked: Functional impairments associated with comorbid anxiety disorders in youth with ASD. Behavior Therapy, 46(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerns, C. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2014). Autism and anxiety: Overlap, similarities, and differences. In T. E. Davis III, S. W. White, & T. H. Ollendick (Eds.), Handbook of autism and anxiety (pp. 75–89). Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06796-4_6
   Google Scholar
• Kerns, C. M., Renno, P., Kendall, P. C., Wood, J. J., & Storch, E. A. (2017a). Anxiety disorders interview schedule–autism addendum: Reliability and validity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46(1), 88–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1233501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerns, C. M., Renno, P., Storch, E. A., Kendall, P. C., & Jeffrey, J. (Eds.). (2017b). Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence-based assessment and treatment. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kerns, C. M., Winder-Patel, B., Iosif, A. M., Nordahl, C. W., Heath, B., Solomon, M., & Amaral, D. G. (2020). Clinically significant anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder and varied intellectual functioning. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 50(6) , 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2019.1703712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch, A. C., Huebner, A. R. S., Mehta, S. Q., Howie, F. R., Weaver, A. L., Myers, S. M., Voigt, R. G., & Katusic, S. K. (2020). Association of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders with autism spectrum disorder. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.4368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koegel, R. L., Openden, D., & Koegel, L. K. (2004). A systematic desensitization paradigm to treat hypersensitivity to auditory stimuli in children with autism in family contexts. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 29(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.2511/rpsd.29.2.122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreiser, N. L., & White, S. W. (2014). Assessment of social anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, B. Y., Leong, R., Uljarevic, M., Lerh, J. W., Rodgers, J., Hollocks, M. J., South, M., McConachie, H., Ozsivadjian, A., Van Hecke, A., & Libove, R. (2020). Anxiety in young people with autism spectrum disorder: Common and autism-related anxiety experiences and their associations with individual characteristics. Autism, 24(5), 1111–1126. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319886246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecavalier, L., Wood, J. J., Halladay, A. K., Jones, N. E., Aman, M. G., Cook, E. H., Handen, B. L., King, B. H., Pearson, D. A., Hallett, V., Sullivan, K. A., Grondhuis, S., Bishop, S. L., Horrigan, J. P., Dawson, G., & Scahill, L. (2014). Measuring anxiety as a treatment endpoint in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(5), 1128–1143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1974-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz, A. S. (2015). Meta-analysis of the coping cat program for decreasing severity of anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 1(2), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/23727810.2015.1079116
   Google Scholar
• Leyfer, O. T., Folstein, S. E., Bacalman, S., Davis, N. O., Dinh, E., Morgan, J., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Lainhart, J. E. (2006). Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism: Interview development and rates of disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(7), 849–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeil, B. M., Lopes, V. A., & Minnes, P. M. (2009). Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2008.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddox, B. B., Kerns, C. M., Franklin, M. E., & White, S. W. (2016). anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Handbook of assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Autism and child psychopathology series (pp. 233–258). Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27171-2_13
   Google Scholar
• Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., & Baio, J. (2020). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - autism and developmental disabilities monitoring Network, 11 sites, United States, 2016. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 69(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6903a1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magiati, I., Lerh, J. W., Hollocks, M. J., Uljarevic, M., Rodgers, J., McConachie, H., Ozsivadjian, A., South, M., Van Hecke, A., Hardan, A., Libove, R., Leekam, S., & Simonoff, E. (2017). The measurement properties of the spence children’s anxiety scale-parent version in a large international pooled sample of young people with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 10(10), 1629–1652. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March, J. S., Parker, J. D., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 554–565. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masi, A., DeMayo, M. M., Glozier, N., & Guastella, A. J. (2017). An overview of autism spectrum disorder, heterogeneity and treatment options. Neuroscience Bulletin, 33(2), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0100-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matson, J. L., LoVullo, S. V., Rivet, T. T., & Boisjoli, J. A. (2009). Validity of the autism spectrum disorder-comorbid for children (ASD-CC). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(2), 345–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2008.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S. L., Murray, M. J., & Zahid, J. (2011). Variables associated with anxiety and depression in children with autism. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 23(4), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-011-9231-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazurek, M. O., Vasa, R. A., Kalb, L. G., Kanne, S. M., Rosenberg, D., Keefer, A., Murray, D. S., Freedman, B., & Lowery, L. A. (2013). Anxiety, sensory over-responsivity, and gastrointestinal problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(1), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9668-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire, J. F., & Storch, E. A. (2019). An inhibitory learning approach to cognitive-behavioral therapy for children and adolescents. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 26(1), 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mindham, J., & Espie, C. A. (2003). Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with an Intellectual Disability (GAS‐ID): Development and psychometric properties of a new measure for use with people with mild intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00457.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mingins, J. E., Tarver, J., Waite, J., Jones, C., & Surtees, A. D. (2020). Anxiety and intellectual functioning in autistic children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism, 25(1), 18–32 . https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320953253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minshawi, N. F., Hurwitz, S., Morriss, D., & McDougle, C. J., & . (2015). Multidisciplinary assessment and treatment of self-injurious behavior in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: Integration of psychological and biological theory and approach. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1541–1568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2307-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz, L. J., Mulder, E., Walsh, C. E., McLaughlin, D. M., Zarcone, J. R., Proudfit, G. H., & Carr, E. G. (2013). A multimethod assessment of anxiety and problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 118(6), 419–434. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944.7558.118.6.419
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moskowitz, L. J., Rosen, T., Lerner, M. D., & Levine, K. (2017). Assessment of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder. In Kerns, C.M., Renno, P., Storch, E.A., Kendall, P.C., and Jeffrey, J. (Eds.), Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (pp. 79–104). Academic Press.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805122-1.00005-3
   Google Scholar
• Munn, Z., Peters, M. D., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Neill, R.E., Horner, R.H., Albin, R.W., Sprague, J.R., Storey, K., and Newton, J.S. (1997). Functional assessment and program development for problem behaviour: A practical handbook. (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Ozsivadjian, A., Knott, F., & Magiati, I. (2012). Parent and child perspectives on the nature of anxiety in children and young people with autism spectrum disorders: A focus group study. Autism, 16(2), 107–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361311431703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panerai, S., Ferrante, L., & Zingale, M. (2002). Benefits of the treatment and education of autistic and communication handicapped children (TEACCH) programme as compared with a non-specific approach. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46(4), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00388.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perihan, C., Burke, M., Bowman-Perrott, L., Bicer, A., Gallup, J., Thompson, J., & Sallese, M. (2020). Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for reducing anxiety in children with high functioning ASD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(6), 1958–1972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03949-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peris, T. S., Caporino, N. E., O’Rourke, S., Kendall, P. C., Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J. T., Birmaher, B., Ginsburg, G. S., Sakolsky, D., Piacentini, J., & Compton, S. N. (2017). Therapist-reported features of exposure tasks that predict differential treatment outcomes for youth with anxiety. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(12), 1043–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.10.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peris, T. S., Compton, S. N., Kendall, P. C., Birmaher, B., Sherrill, J., March, J., Gosch, E., Ginsburg, G., Rynn, M., McCracken, J. T., Keeton, C. P., Sakolsky, D., Suveg, C., Aschenbrand, S., Almirall, D., Iyengar, S., Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., & Piacentini, J. (2015). Trajectories of change in youth anxiety during cognitive-behavior therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83(2), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinborough-Zimmerman, J., Satterfield, R., Miller, J., Bilder, D., Hossain, S., & McMahon, W. (2007). Communication disorders: Prevalence and comorbid intellectual disability, autism, and emotional/behavioral disorders. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16(4), 359–367 . https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2007/039)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plesa Skwerer, D., Joseph, R. M., Eggleston, B., Meyer, S. R., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric symptoms in minimally verbal children and adolescents with ASD. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 43. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reaven, J., Blakeley‐Smith, A., Culhane‐Shelburne, K., & Hepburn, S. (2012). Group cognitive behavior therapy for children with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: A randomized trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(4), 410–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02486.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renno, P., & Wood, J. J. (2013). Discriminant and convergent validity of the anxiety construct in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(9), 2135–2146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1767-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivard, M., Terroux, A., Mercier, C., & Parent-Boursier, C. (2015). Indicators of intellectual disabilities in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(1), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2198-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers, J., Hodgson, A., Shields, K., Wright, C., Honey, E., & Freeston, M. (2017). Towards a treatment for intolerance of uncertainty in young people with autism spectrum disorder: Development of the coping with uncertainty in everyday situations (CUES) program. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(12), 3959–3966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2924-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers, J., & Ofield, A. (2018). Understanding, recognizing and treating co-occurring anxiety in autism. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 5(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-018-0132-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosen T E, Connell J E and Kerns C M. (2016). A Review of Behavioral Interventions for Anxiety-Related Behaviors in Lower-Functioning Individuals with Autism. Behav. Intervent., 31(2), 120–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.1442
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, R. E., Kaufmann, W. E., Law, J. K., & Law, P. A. (2011). Parent report of community psychiatric comorbid diagnoses in autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research and Treatment, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/405849
   Google Scholar
• Rzepecka, H., McKenzie, K., McClure, I., & Murphy, S. (2011). Sleep, anxiety and challenging behavior in children with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2758–2766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sappok, T., Heinrich, M., & Bohm, J. (2020). The impact of emotional development in people with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual developmental disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64(12), 946. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, J. D., Luiselli, J. K., Rue, H., & Whalley, K. (2013). Graduated exposure and positive reinforcement to overcome setting and activity avoidance in an adolescent with autism. Behavior Modification, 37(1), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445512456547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, M., McGuire, K., Veenstra-vanderweele, J., Stratigos, K., King, B., Bellonci, C., Hayek, M., Keable, H., Rockhill, C., Bukstein, O. G., & Walter, H. J. (2020). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with intellectual disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(4), 468–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent interview schedule. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008). Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, comorbidity and associated factors in a population-derived sample. Journal of American Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), 921–929. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318179964f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, S. H. (1999). Spence children’s anxiety scale (parent version). University of Queensland.
   Google Scholar
• Sukhodolsky, D. G., Bloch, M. H., Panza, K. E., & Reichow, B. (2013). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in children with high functioning autism: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 132((5), 789–981. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, R. H., & Borrero, J. C. (2011). Direct observation. In W. W. Fisher, C. C. Piazza, & H. S. Roane (Eds.), Handbook of applied behavior analysis (pp. 191–205). Guildford.
   Google Scholar
• Tonnsen, B. L., Boan, A. D., Bradley, C. C., Charlest, J., Cohen, A., & Carpenter, L. A. (2016). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among children with intellectual disability. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 121(6), 487–500. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-121.6.487
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trembath, D., Germano, C., Johanson, G., & Dissanayake, C. (2012). The experience of anxiety in young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 27(4), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357612454916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uljarević, M., Baranek, G., Vivanti, G., Hedley, D., Hudry, K., & Lane, A. (2017). Heterogeneity of sensory features in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges and perspectives for future research. Autism Research, 10(5), 703–710. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ung, D., Selles, R., Small, B. J., & Storch, E. A. (2014). A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46(4), 533–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0494-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Steensel, F. J., Bögels, S. M., & Perrin, S. (2011). Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), 302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-011-0097-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Steensel, F. J., & Heeman, E. J. (2017). Anxiety levels in children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(7), 1753–1767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0687-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters, S., Loades, M., & Russell, A. (2016). A systematic review of effective modifications to cognitive behavioural therapy for young people with autism spectrum disorders. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 3(2), 137–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-016-0072-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller E B, Weller R A, Fristad M A, Rooney M Teare and Schecter J. (2000). Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200001000-00019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, S., Leader, G., Mannion, A., & Chen, J. (2015). An investigation of anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 10(2015), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.10.017
   Google Scholar
• Witwer, A. N., & Lecavalier, L. (2010). Validity of comorbid psychiatric disorders in youngsters with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 22(4), 367–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-010-9194-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasuma, F., & Hayano, J. I. (2004). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Why does the heartbeat synchronize with respiratory rhythm? Chest, 125(2), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.2.683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaboski, B. A., & Storch, E. A. (2018). Comorbid autism spectrum disorder and anxiety disorders: A brief review. Future Neurology, 13(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2017-0030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar