References
- Chaloner, W. G. 1967. “Spores and Land-Plant Evolution.” Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 1: 83–93. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(67)90112-1.
- Decombeix, A. L., B. Meyer-Berthaud, and J. Galtier. 2011. “Transitional Changes in Arborescent Lignophytes at the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary.” Journal of the Geological Society 168: 547–557. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-074.
- DiMichele, W. A., J. I. Davis, and R. G. Olmstead. 1989. “Origins of Heterospory and the Seed Habit: The Role of Heterochrony.” Taxon 38: 1–11. doi:10.2307/1220881.
- Endress, P. K. 2011. “Angiosperm Ovules: Diversity, Development, Evolution.” American Journal of Botany 107: 1465–1489.
- Galtier, J., and N. P. Rowe. 1989. “A Primitive Seed-Like Structure and Its Implications for Early Gymnosperm Evolution.” Nature 340: 225–227. doi:10.1038/340225a0.
- Gerrienne, P., B. Meyer-Berthaud, M. Fairon-Demaret, M. Streel, and P. Steemans. 2004. “Runcaria, a Middle Devonian Seed Plant Precursor.” Science 306: 856–858. doi:10.1126/science.1102491.
- Gerrienne, P., T. Servais, and M. Vecoli. 2016. “Plant Evolution and Terrestrialization during Palaeozoic Times—The Phylogenetic Context.” Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 227: 4–18. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.01.004.
- Haig, D., and M. Westoby. 1989. “Selective Forces in the Emergence of the Seed Habit.” Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 38: 215–238. doi:10.1111/bij.1989.38.issue-3.
- Mapes, G., G. W. Rothwell, and M. T. Haworth. 1989. “Evolution of Seed Dormancy.” Nature 337: 645–646. doi:10.1038/337645a0.
- Marshall, J. E. A., and A. R. Hemsley. 2003. “A Mid Devonian Seed-Megaspore from East Greenland and the Origin of the Seed Plants.” Palaeontology 46: 647–670. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00314.
- Phillips, T. L. 1979. “Reproduction of Heterosporous Arborescent Lycopods in the Mississippian–Pennsylvanian of Euramerica.” Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 27: 239–289. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(79)90014-9.
- Prestianni, C., and P. Gerrienne. 2010. “Early Seed Plant Radiation: An Ecological Hypothesis.” In The Terrestrialization Process: Modelling Complex Interactions at the Biosphere–Geosphere Interface, edited by M. Vecoli, G. Clément, and B. Meyer-Berthaud, 71–80. London: Geological Society.
- Rothwell, G. W. 1972. “Evidence of Pollen Tubes in Paleozoic Pteridosperms.” Science 175: 772–774. doi:10.1126/science.175.4023.772.
- Rothwell, G. W., and S. E. Scheckler. 1988. “Biology of Ancestral Gymnosperms.” In Origin and Evolution of Gymnosperms, edited by C. B. Beck, 85–134. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Serbet, R., and G. W. Rothwell. 1995. “Functional Morphology and Homologies of Gymnospermous Ovules: Evidence from a New Species of Stephanospermum (Medullosales).” Canadian Journal of Botany 73: 650–661. doi:10.1139/b95-069.
- Stidd, B. M., and K. Cosentino. 1976. “Nucellangium: Gametophytic Structure and Relationship to Cordaites.” Botanical Gazette 137: 242–249. doi:10.1086/336865.
- Taylor, T. N., E. L. Taylor, and M. Krings. 2009. Paleobotany. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, 1230. Burlington, MA: Elsevier/Academic Press.
- Xue, J., P. Huang, D. Wang, C. Xiong, L. Liu, and J. F. Basinger. 2018. “Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution in South China: Taxonomy, Diversity, and Character Evolution of Vascular Plants in a Paleogeographically Isolated, Low-Latitude Region.” Earth-Science Reviews 180: 92–125. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.03.004.