Effects of available soil silicon on the formation of phytoliths in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Streud, Poaceae

References

• Alexandre, A., J. D. Meunier, F. Colin, and J. M. Koud. 1997. “Plant Impact on the Biogeochemical Cycle of Silicon and Related Weathering Processes.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61: 677–682. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00001-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao, S. D. 2000. Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis. Beijing, China: China Agricultural Press. in Chinese
   Google Scholar
• Blecker, S. W., R. L. McCulley, O. A. Chadwick, and E. F. Kelly. 2006. “Biologic Cycling of Silica across a Grassland Bioclimosequence.” Global Biogeochemical Cycles 20: GB3023. doi:10.1029/2006GB002690.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brackhage, C., J. Schaller, E. Bäucker, and E. G. Dudel. 2013. “Silicon Availability Affects the Stoichiometry and Content of Calcium and Micro Nutrients in the Leaves of Common Reed.” Silicon 5: 199–204. doi:10.1007/s12633-013-9145-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, P. P. 1998. “The Role of Silicon in Rice Life.” [in Chinese] Bulletin of Biology 33: 5–7.
   Google Scholar
• Conley, D. J. 2002. “Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Global Biogeochemical Silica Cycle.” Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16: 1121. doi:10.1029/2002GB001894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgawhary, S. M., and W. L. Lindsay. 1972. “Solubility of Silica in Soils.” Soil Science Society of America Journal 36: 439–442. doi:10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600030022x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Y. F., F. Jiao, and Q. M. Shen. 2009. “The Research Development of Silicon Nutrition and Fertilizer Application in Rice.” Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 25: 156–160.
   Google Scholar
• Geng, Y. X., D. M. Jie, Y. L. Li, S. Zhu, J. J. Zhu, J. C. Jiang, and H. H. Niu. 2011. “Morphological Changes of Phytoliths in Leymus chinensis under Saline-Alkali Stress.” [in Chinese] Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 35: 1148–1155. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01148.
   Google Scholar
• Hyland, E., S. Y. Smith, and N. D. Sheldon. 2013. “Representational Bias in Phytoliths from Modern Soils of Central North America: Implications for Paleovegetation Reconstructions.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 374: 338–348. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.01.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Forestry Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1980. The Soil of Northeast China. Beijing, China: Science Press. in Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Ji, L. M., and P. Z. Zhang. 1997. “Study of Phytolith and Its Application to Quaternary Geology.” Advance in Earth Sciences 12: 51–57.
   Google Scholar
• Jie, D. M., Y. Ge, J. X. Guo, and H. M. Liu. 2010a. “Response of Phytolith in Leymus chinensis to Simulation of Global Warming and Nitrogen Deposition on Songnen Grassland.” [in Chinese] China. Environmental Science 31: 1708–1715.
   Google Scholar
• Jie, D. M., C. Y. Liu, L. X. Shi, H. M. Liu, and Y. Ge. 2010b. “Characteristics of Phytoliths in Leymus chinensis from Different Habitats on the Songnen Plain in Northeast China and Their Environmental Implications.” Science China: Earth Science 40: 493–502.
   Google Scholar
• Jie, D. M., J. Y. Wang, N. Li, F. Wang, and N. Wang. 2013. “Combined Characteristics of Phytoliths in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud. Under the Control of Different Moisture Gradients in Northeast China.” [in Chinese] Journal of Jilin Agricultural University 35: 295–302.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, L. H., and K. A. Handreck. 1963. “Effects of Iron and Aluminium Oxides on Silica in Solution in Soils.” Nature 198: 852–853. doi:10.1038/198852a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, O., S. Lev-Yadun, and P. Bar. 2013. “Plasticity and Variability in the Patterns of Phytolith Formation in Asteraceae Species along a Large Rainfall Gradient in Israel.” Flora 208: 438–444. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2013.07.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazuo, N., and X. D. Cao. 1990. “Effects of Silicon on the Growth of Rice at Different Growth Stages.” [in Chinese] Journal of Anhui Agrotechnical Teachers College 2: 8–11.
   Google Scholar
• Lanning, F. C., and L. N. Eleuterius. 1989. “Silica Deposition in Some C3 and C4 Species of Grasses, Sedges and Composites in the USA.” Annals of Botany 64: 395–410. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087858.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepš, J., and P. Šmilauer. 2003. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Z. J., P. Lin, J. Y. He, Z. W. Yang, and Y. M. Lin. 2006. “The Organic Pool and Biological Cycle of Silicon in Moso Bamboo Community in Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve.” [in Chinese] Journal of Zhejiang University (Science B) 7: 849–857. doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.B0849.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, L. D., D. M. Jie, H. Y. Liu, M. E. Guo, and N. N. Li. 2013. “Change Characters of Phragmites Australis Phytolith in Northeast China.” [in Chinese] Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 37: 861–871. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00090.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, M. D., Y. L. Zhang, J. Li, and H. X. Fang. 2001. “Effects of Slag Application on Silicon Fertility in Paddy Soil.” Soil and Environmental Sciences 10: 220–223.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, H. Y., N. Q. Wu, X. D. Yang, H. Jiang, K. M. Liu, and T. S. Liu. 2006. “Phytoliths as Quantitative Indicators for the Reconstruction of past Environmental Conditions in China I: Phytolith-Based Transfer Function.” Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 945–959. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J. F., and N. Yamaji. 2006. “Silicon Uptake and Accumulation in Higher Plants.” Trends in Plant Science 11: 392–397. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2006.06.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madella, M., A. Alexander, and T. Ball. 2005. “International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature 1.0.” Annals of Botany 96: 253–260. doi:10.1093/aob/mci172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madella, M., M. K. Jones, P. Echlin, A. Powers-Jones, and M. Moore. 2009. “Plant Water Availability and Analytical Microscopy of Phytoliths: Implications for Ancient Irrigation in Arid Zones.” Quaternary International 193: 32–40. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants Second Edition. San Diego, USA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Massey, F. P., A. R. Ennos, and S. E. Hartley. 2007. “Grasses and the Resource Availability Hypothesis: The Importance of Silica-Based Defences.” Journal of Ecology 95: 414–424. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01223.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanayakkara, U. N., W. Uddin, and L. E. Datnoff. 2008. “Application of Silicon Sources Increases Silicon Accumulaiton in Perennial Ryegrass Turf on Two Soil Types.” Plant and Soil 303: 83–94. doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9488-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuda, A., and E. Takahashi. 1964. “The Role of Silicon.” Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mineral Nutrition of Rice Plant of the International Rice Research Institute, pp. 123–146, Baltimore, USA: John Hopkins Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rosen, A. M., and S. Weiner. 1994. “Identifying Ancient Agriculture: A New Method Using Opaline Phytoliths from Emmer Wheat.” Journal of Archaeological Science 21: 125–132. doi:10.1006/jasc.1994.1013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer, D., L. Saccone, D. J. Conley, L. Herrmann, and M. Sommer. 2006. “Review of Methodologies for Extracting Plant-Available and Amorphous Si from Soils and Aquatic Sediments.” Biogeochemistry 80: 89–108. doi:10.1007/s10533-005-5879-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaller, J., C. Brackhage, M. O. Gessner, E. Bäuker, and D. E. Gert. 2012. “Silicon Supply Modifies C:N:P Stoichiometry and Growth of Phragmites australis.” Plant Biology 14: 392–396. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00537.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoelynck, J., K. Bal, H. Backx, T. Okruszko, P. Meire, and E. Struyf. 2010. “Silica Uptake in Aquatic and Wetland Macrophytes: A Strategic Choice between Silica, Lignin and Cellulose?” The New Phytologist 186: 385–391. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03176.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struyf, E., and D. J. Conley. 2009. “Silica: An Essential Uutrient in Wetland Biogeochemistry.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7: 88–94. doi:10.1890/070126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi, E., and Y. Miyake. 1976. “Comparative Studies on the Silica Nutrition in Plants (5). Distribution of Silica Accumulator Pants in the Plant Kingdom: (1) Monocotyledons.” [In Japanese] Journal of the Science of Soil and Manure Japan 47: 296–300.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. J., and H. Y. Lu. 1992. Phytolith Study and Its Application. Beijing, China: China Ocean Press. in Chinese
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, Q. M., X. Q. Ma, C. R. Lou, W. T. Sun, and Z. X. Fu. 1999. “The Relationship between Phasic Nutrition of Maize and Available Silicon in Soil.” [in Chinese] Chinese Journal of Soil Science 30: 185–188.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, D. K., Q. Li, and H. Y. Lu. 2005. “Morphological Analysis of Phytoliths in Palmae and Its Environmental Significance.” Quaternary Sciences 25: 785–982.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, W. D., X. Y. He, W. Chen, C. F. Liu, G. L. Zhao, and Y. Zhou. 2008. “Ecological Division of Vegetations in Northeast China.” [in Chinese] Chinese Journal of Ecology 27: 1853–1860.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, J. T., E. M. Gao, X. T. Huo, W. L. Wang, and Z. Q. Mao. 2000. “Study on the Characteristics of Absorption and Distribution of Si in Rice.” [in Chinese] Journal of Henan Agricultural University 34: 37–42.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, X. R., K. Hu, Y. F. Hu, D. M. Jie, and D. P. Wang. 2007. “Holocene Environmental and Climatic Changes from the Information of Peat Bog Sediment.” Geological Survey and Research 30: 39–45.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, X. P., Y. B. Wang, and Q. J. Li. 1995. “Study on the Nutritional Characteristics of Rice Silicon.” [in Chinese] Chinese Journal of Soil Science 26: 232–233.
   Google Scholar