Understanding Intercity Mobility Patterns in Rapidly Urbanizing China, 2015–2019: Evidence from Longitudinal Poisson Gravity Modeling

References

• Alessandretti, L., U. Aslak, and S. Lehmann. 2020. The scales of human mobility. Nature 587 (7834):402–07. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2909-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbués, P., J. F. Baños, M. Mayor, and P. Suárez. 2016. Determinants of ground transport modal choice in long-distance trips in Spain. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 84:131–43. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2015.06.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, H., M. Barthelemy, G. Ghoshal, C. R. James, M. Lenormand, T. Louail, R. Menezes, J. J. Ramasco, F. Simini, and M. Tomasini. 2018. Human mobility: Models and applications. Physics Reports 734:1–74. doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2018.01.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beria, P., and V. Lunkar. 2021. Presence and mobility of the population during the first wave of Covid-19 outbreak and lockdown in Italy. Sustainable Cities and Society 65:102616. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger, M., F. Van Oort, and G. J. Linders. 2009. On the specification of the gravity model of trade: Zeros, excess zeros and zero-inflated estimation. Spatial Economic Analysis 4 (2):167–90. doi: 10.1080/17421770902834327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castells, M. 2000. The rise of the network society. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, K. W. 2009. The Chinese hukou system at 50. Eurasian Geography and Economics 50 (2):197–221. doi: 10.2747/1539-7216.50.2.197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correia, S., P. Guimarães, and T. Zylkin. 2020. Fast Poisson estimation with high-dimensional fixed effects. The Stata Journal: Promoting Communications on Statistics and Stata 20 (1):95–115. doi: 10.1177/1536867X20909691.
   Google Scholar
• Cui, C., X. Wu, L. Liu, and W. Zhang. 2020. The spatial-temporal dynamics of daily intercity mobility in the Yangtze River Delta: An analysis using big data. Habitat International 106:102174. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorigo, G., and W. Tobler. 1983. Push–pull migration laws. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 73 (1):1–17. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1983.tb01392.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, H., L. Wang, and Y. Yang. 2020. Human mobility restrictions and the spread of the novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) in China. Journal of Public Economics 191:104272. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowerdew, R., and M. Aitkin. 1982. A method of fitting the gravity model based on the Poisson distribution. Journal of Regional Science 22 (2):191–202. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9787.1982.tb00744.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, M. C., C. A. Hidalgo, and A. L. Barabasi. 2008. Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature 453 (7196):779–82. doi: 10.1038/nature06958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, H., Y. Jie, Z. Li, and T. Shen. 2021. What drives migrants to settle in Chinese cities: A panel data analysis. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 14 (2):297–314. doi: 10.1007/s12061-020-09358-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, H., Z. Liu, T. Shen, and X. Meng. 2019. Modelling interprovincial migration in China from 1995 to 2015 based on an eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial model. Population, Space and Place 25 (8):e2253. doi: 10.1002/psp.2253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, H., and T. Shen. 2021. Modelling skilled and less-skilled internal migrations in China, 2010–2015: Application of an eigenvector spatial filtering hurdle gravity approach. Population, Space and Place 27 (6):e2439. doi: 10.1002/psp.2439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karemera, D., V. I. Oguledo, and B. Davis. 2000. A gravity model analysis of international migration to North America. Applied Economics 32 (13):1745–55. doi: 10.1080/000368400421093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T., J. Wang, J. Huang, W. Yang, and Z. Chen. 2021. Exploring the dynamic impacts of COVID-19 on intercity travel in China. Journal of Transport Geography 95: 103153. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103153.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, X., J. Yang, and I. MacLachlan. 2018. High-speed rail as a solution to metropolitan passenger mobility. Journal of Transport and Land Use 11 (1):1257–70. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.2018.1297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, E. J., and X. Y. Yan. 2020. A universal opportunity model for human mobility. Scientific Reports 10 (1):1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61613-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., X. Liu, S. Gao, L. Gong, C. Kang, Y. Zhi, G. Chi, and L. Shi. 2015. Social sensing: A new approach to understanding our socioeconomic environments. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 105 (3):512–30. doi: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1018773.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., and J. Shen. 2017. Modelling skilled and less-skilled interregional migrations in China, 2000–2005. Population, Space and Place 23 (4):e2027. doi: 10.1002/psp.2027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louf, R., and M. Barthelemy. 2013. Modeling the polycentric transition of cities. Physical Review Letters 111 (19):198702. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.198702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. China statistical yearbook 2020. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
   Google Scholar
• Niedomysl, T., and U. Fransson. 2014. On distance and the spatial dimension in the definition of internal migration. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104 (2):357–72. doi: 10.1080/00045608.2013.875809.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paasi, A. 2004. Place and region: Looking through the prism of scale. Progress in Human Geography 28 (4):536–46. doi: 10.1191/0309132504ph502pr.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, J., and J. Lai. 2019. Spatial pattern of population mobility among cities in China: Case study of the National Day plus Mid-Autumn Festival based on Tencent migration data. Cities 94:55–69. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2019.05.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratti, C., D. Frenchman, R. M. Pulselli, and S. Williams. 2006. Mobile landscapes: Using location data from cell phones for urban analysis. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 33 (5):727–48. doi: 10.1068/b32047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, A., F. Willekens, J. Little, and J. Raymer. 2002. Describing migration spatial structure. Papers in Regional Science 81 (1):29–48. doi: 10.1111/j.1435-5597.2002.tb01220.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar, N. B., and Y. Zhang. 2013. Seasonal lifestyle tourism: The case of Chinese elites. Annals of Tourism Research 43:81–99. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2013.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer, F. K. 1953. Exceptionalism in geography: A methodological examination. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 43 (3):226–49. doi: 10.1080/00045605309352114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidl, D. E., P. Jankowski, K. C. Clarke, and A. Nara. 2020. Please enter your home location: Geoprivacy attitudes and personal location masking strategies of Internet users. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 110 (3):586–605. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2019.1654843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, J. 2012. Changing patterns and determinants of interprovincial migration in China 1985–2000. Population, Space and Place 18 (3):384–402. doi: 10.1002/psp.668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, J. 2013. Increasing internal migration in China from 1985 to 2005: Institutional versus economic drivers. Habitat International 39:1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, J. 2015. Explaining interregional migration changes in China, 1985–2000, using a decomposition approach. Regional Studies 49 (7):1176–92. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2013.812783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, J. 2016. Error analysis of regional migration modeling. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 106 (6):1253–67. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2016.1197767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, J. 2021. What roles do population and migration flows play in the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 from Wuhan city to provincial regions in China? China Review 21 (3):189–219.
   Google Scholar
• Silva, J. S., and S. Tenreyro. 2006. The log of gravity. The Review of Economics and Statistics 88 (4):641–58. doi: 10.1162/rest.88.4.641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simini, F., M. C. González, A. Maritan, and A. L. Barabási. 2012. A universal model for mobility and migration patterns. Nature 484 (7392):96–100. doi: 10.1038/nature10856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, C., Z. Qu, N. Blumm, and A. L. Barabási. 2010. Limits of predictability in human mobility. Science 327 (5968):1018–21. doi: 10.1126/science.1177170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stark, O., and D. E. Bloom. 1985. The new economics of labor migration. The American Economic Review 75 (2):173–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todaro, M. P. 1969. A model of labor migration and urban unemployment in less developed countries. The American Economic Review 59 (1):138–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torsten, H. 1970. What about people in regional science? Papers of the Regional Science Association 24 (1):6–21.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, L., H. Liu, and Q. Liu. 2021. China’s city network based on Tencent’s migration big data. Acta Geographica Sinica 76 (4):853–69.
   Google Scholar
• Wei, Y., J. Wang, W. Song, C. Xiu, L. Ma, and T. Pei. 2021. Spread of COVID-19 in China: Analysis from a city-based epidemic and mobility model. Cities (London, England) 110:103010. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.103010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, W., J. Wang, and T. Dai. 2016. The geography of cultural ties and human mobility: Big data in urban contexts. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 106 (3):612–30. doi: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1121804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, X., and D. J. Treiman. 2004. The household registration system and social stratification in China: 1955–1996. Demography 41 (2):363–84. doi: 10.1353/dem.2004.0010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, F., and J. J. Lin. 2021. High-speed rail and high-tech industry evolution: Empirical evidence from China. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 10:100358. doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2021.100358.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, G., Y. Lv, H. Sun, J. Wu, and Z. Yang. 2021. Mobility and evaluation of intercity freight CO2 emissions in an urban agglomeration. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 91:102674. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J., A. Li, D. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Du, T. Pei, T. Ma, and C. Zhou. 2017. Difference of urban development in China from the perspective of passenger transport around Spring Festival. Applied Geography 87:85–96. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.07.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, S., J. Fang, and H. He. 2020. Can time–space compression promote urban economic growth? Evidence from China’s high-speed rail projects. China & World Economy 28 (5):90–117. doi: 10.1111/cwe.12339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., Z. Chong, X. Li, and G. Nie. 2020. Spatial patterns and determinant factors of population flow networks in China: Analysis on Tencent location big data. Cities 99:102640. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., and J. C. Thill. 2019. Mesoscale structures in world city networks. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 109 (3):887–908. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2018.1484684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, B. 2022. Humanistic GIS: Toward a research agenda. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 112 (6):1576–1592. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2021.2004875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, R., Y. Wang, D. Lin, M. Jendryke, M. Xie, J. Guo, and L. Meng. 2021. Exploring the rich-club characteristic in internal migration: Evidence from Chinese Chunyun migration. Cities 114:103198. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zipf, G. K. 1946. The P 1 P 2/D hypothesis: On the intercity movement of persons. American Sociological Review 11 (6):677–86. doi: 10.2307/2087063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar