126
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

“I Rarely Go Out on Work Days”: Space–Time Constraints and (Im)mobility Experiences Among Indonesian Female Domestic Workers in Hong Kong

ORCID Icon
Pages 1020-1038 | Received 14 Sep 2022, Accepted 25 Jan 2024, Published online: 03 Apr 2024

References

  • Anjara, S. G., L. B. Nellums, C. Bonetto, and T. van Bortel. 2017. Stress, health and quality of life of female migrant domestic workers in Singapore: A cross-sectional study. BMC Women’s Health 17 (1):98. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0442-7.
  • Bates, D., M. Mächler, B. Bolker, and S. Walker. 2014. lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. R package version 1.1-7. Accessed May 16, 2022. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4.
  • Bélanger, D., and R. Silvey. 2019. An im/mobility turn: Power geometries of care and migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (16):3423–40. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2019.1592396.
  • Cagney, K. A., E. Y. Cornwell, A. W. Goldman, and L. Cai. 2020. Urban mobility and activity space. Annual Review of Sociology 46 (1):623–48. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054848.
  • Chaix, B., Y. Kestens, C. Perchoux, N. Karusisi, J. Merlo, and K. Labadi. 2012. An interactive mapping tool to assess individual mobility patterns in neighborhood studies. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 43 (4):440–50. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.026.
  • Ching, L. M. 2006. Leisure pattern and constraints of female foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong. Bachelor’s thesis, Hong Kong Baptist University. Accessed March 18, 2022. https://libproject.hkbu.edu.hk/trsimage/hp/02013630.pdf
  • Chu, Y.-M., R. Falzone, and B. Sheridan. 2016. Determining preferences of foreign domestic helpers in their use of public spaces. Bachelor’s thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Accessed March 18, 2022. https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-031016171912/unrestricted/Determining_Foreign_Domestic_Helpers_Motivations_pdf.pdf.
  • Chung, R. Y.-N., and J. K.-L. Mak. 2020. Physical and mental health of live-in female migrant domestic workers: A randomly sampled survey in Hong Kong. American Behavioral Scientist 64 (6):802–22. doi: 10.1177/0002764220910215.
  • Datta, A. 2020. The “smart safe city”: Gendered time, speed, and violence in the margins of India’s urban age. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 110 (5):1318–34. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2019.1687279.
  • Dutta, M. J., S. Comer, D. Teo, P. Luk, M. Lee, D. Zapata, A. Krishnaswamy, and S. Kaur. 2018. Health meanings among foreign domestic workers in Singapore: A culture-centered approach. Health Communication 33 (5):643–52. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1292576.
  • Ellegård, K. 2018. Thinking time geography: Concepts, methods and applications. London and New York: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203701386.
  • Forsyth, A., D. Van Riper, N. Larson, M. Wall, and D. Neumark-Sztainer. 2012. Creating a replicable, valid cross-platform buffering technique: The sausage network buffer for measuring food and physical activity built environments. International Journal of Health Geographics 11 (1):14. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-11-14.
  • Frank, L. D., T. L. Schmid, J. F. Sallis, J. Chapman, and B. E. Saelens. 2005. Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: Findings from SMARTRAQ. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28 (2, Suppl. 2):117–25. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.11.001.
  • Hägerstrand, T. 1970. What about people in Regional Science? Papers of the Regional Science Association 24 (1):6–21. doi: 10.1007/BF01936872.
  • Hall, B. J., M. R. Garabiles, and C. A. Latkin. 2019. Work life, relationship, and policy determinants of health and well-being among Filipino domestic workers in China: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health 19 (1):229. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6552-4.
  • Hasanzadeh, K., J. Heinonen, S. Ala-Mantila, S. M. Czepkiewicz, M. Kyttä, and J. Ottelin. 2019. Beyond geometries of activity spaces. Journal of Transport and Land Use 12 (1):149–77. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26911262. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.2019.1148.
  • Hin-Yan Chan, H. 2023. Reworking of care during workday outings: On migrant domestic workers’ everyday negotiation of migration infrastructure in the global city of Hong Kong. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 48 (4):745–60. doi: 10.1111/tran.12611.
  • Hin-Yan Chan, H., and A. Latham. 2022. Working and dwelling in a global city: Going-out, public worlds, and the intimate lives of migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (15):3524–43. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2021.2000854.
  • Ho, E. L.-E., and W. C. Ting. 2023. Geographies of transnational domesticity: Migration risks, intersectional disadvantage, and mitigation strategies by foreign domestic workers from Myanmar. The Professional Geographer 75 (1):145–54. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2022.2081222.
  • Ho, E. L.-E., G. Zhou, J. A. Liew, T. Y. Chiu, S. Huang, and B. S. A. Yeoh. 2021. Webs of care: Qualitative GIS research on aging, mobility, and care relations in Singapore. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 111 (5):1462–82. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2020.1807900.
  • Hong Kong Labor Department. 2019. Practical guide for employment of foreign domestic helpers: What foreign domestic helpers and their employers should know. Accessed December 5, 2019. https://www.fdh.labour.gov.hk/res/pdf/FDHguideEnglish.pdf.
  • Jensen, K. B. 2014. Space–time geography of female live-in child domestic workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Children’s Geographies 12 (2):154–69. doi: 10.1080/14733285.2013.783986.
  • Johnson, M., M. Lee, M. McCahill, and M. R. Mesina. 2020. Beyond the “all seeing eye”: Filipino migrant domestic workers’ contestation of care and control in Hong Kong. Ethnos 85 (2):276–92. doi: 10.1080/00141844.2018.1545794.
  • Kaur, A., and I. Metcalfe, eds. 2006. Mobility, labour migration and border control in Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kwan, M.-P. 1999. Gender, the home–work link, and space–time patterns of nonemployment activities. Economic Geography 75 (4):370–94. doi: 10.2307/144477.
  • Kwan, M.-P. 2000a. Gender differences in space–time constraints and their impact on activity patterns. Area 32 (2):145–56. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20004053. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4762.2000.tb00125.x.
  • Kwan, M.-P. 2000b. Interactive geovisualization of activity-travel patterns using three-dimensional geographical information systems: A methodological exploration with a large data set. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 8 (1–6):185–203. doi: 10.1016/S0968-090X(00)00017-6.
  • Kwan, M.-P., and J. Weber. 2008. Scale and accessibility: Implications for the analysis of land use–travel interaction. Applied Geography 28 (2):110–23. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2007.07.002.
  • Latief, H. 2017. Addressing unfortunate wayfarer: Islamic philanthropy and Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong. Advances in Southeast Asian Studies 10 (2):237–55. 10.14764/10.ASEAS-2017.2-7.
  • Lenntorp, B. 1976. Paths in space-time environments: A time-geographic study of movement possibilities of individuals. Lund Studies in Geography, Series B, 44.
  • Lenntorp, B. 2004. Path, prism, project, pocket and population: An introduction. Geografiska Annaler Series B: Human Geography 86 (4):223–26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3554348. doi: 10.1111/j.0435-3684.2004.00164.x.
  • Loo, B. P., and W. W. Y. Lam. 2013. A multilevel investigation of differential individual mobility of working couples with children: A case study of Hong Kong. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 9 (7):629–52. doi: 10.1080/18128602.2011.643509.
  • McLafferty, S. L. 2005. Women and GIS: Geospatial technologies and feminist geographies. Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 40 (4):37–45. doi: 10.3138/1341-21JT-4P83-1651.
  • Mok, K. H., and H. C. Ho. 2021. Finding a home away from home: An explorative study on the use of social space with the voices of foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 111 (5):1403–19. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2020.1813542.
  • Neutens, T., M. Delafontaine, D. M. Scott, and P. D. Maeyer. 2012. An analysis of day-to-day variations on individual space–time accessibility. Journal of Transport Geography 23:81–91. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.04.001.
  • Ohmori, N., M. Nakazato, and N. Harata. 2005. GPS mobile phone-based activity survey. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies 5:1104–15. http://plans.ishii.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp/Ohmori/EASTS05.pdf.
  • Parreñas, R. S., and R. Silvey. 2016. Domestic workers refusing neo-slavery in the UAE. Contexts 15 (3):36–41. doi: 10.1177/1536504216662235.
  • Perchoux, C., B. Chaix, R. Brondeel, and Y. Kestens. 2016. Residential buffer, perceived neighborhood, and individual activity space: New refinements in the definition of exposure areas—The RECORD Cohort Study. Health & Place 40:116–22. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.05.004.
  • Perchoux, C., B. Chaix, S. Cummins, and Y. Kestens. 2013. Conceptualization and measurement of environmental exposure in epidemiology: Accounting for activity space related to daily mobility. Health & Place 21 (2013):86–93. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.01.005.
  • Schwiter, K., K. Strauss, and K. V. England. 2018. At home with the boss: Migrant live‐in caregivers, social reproduction and constrained agency in the UK, Canada, Austria and Switzerland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 43 (3):462–76. doi: 10.1111/tran.12235.
  • Sheller, M. 2018. Mobility justice: The politics of movement in an age of extremes. London: Verso.
  • Sherman, J. E., J. Spencer, J. S. Preisser, W. M. Gesler, and T. A. Arcury. 2005. A suite of methods for representing activity space in a healthcare accessibility study. International Journal of Health Geographics 4 (1):24. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-4-24.
  • van Bortel, T., S. Martin, S. Anjara, and L. B. Nellums. 2019. Perceived stressors and coping mechanisms of female migrant domestic workers in Singapore. PLoS ONE 14 (3):e0210717. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210717.
  • Wang, C.-H., C.-P. Chung, J.-T. Hwang, and C.-Y. Ning. 2018. The foreign domestic workers in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: Should minimum wage apply to foreign domestic workers? The Chinese Economy 51 (2):154–74. doi: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1447831.
  • Wee, K., C. Goh, and B. S. Yeoh. 2019. Chutes-and-ladders: The migration industry, conditionality, and the production of precarity among migrant domestic workers in Singapore. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (14):2672–88. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1528099.
  • Winata, F., and S. L. McLafferty. 2023a. Therapeutic landscapes, networks, and health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study among female domestic workers. Social Science & Medicine 322:115803. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115803.
  • Winata, F., and S. L. McLafferty. 2023b. Therapeutic landscapes and networks in restricted lives: Constructing restorative experiences among Indonesian female domestic workers in Hong Kong. Wellbeing, Space & Society 5:100163. doi: 10.1016/j.wss.2023.100163.
  • Wong, S. 2018. The limitations of using activity space measurements for representing the mobilities of individuals with visual impairment: A mixed methods case study in the San Francisco Bay Area. Journal of Transport Geography 66:300–308. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.12.004.
  • Yeoh, B. S. A., and S. Huang. 1998. Negotiating public space: Strategies and styles of migrant female domestic workers in Singapore. Urban Studies 35 (3):583–602. doi: 10.1080/0042098984925.
  • Yeoh, B. S. A., and S. Huang. 1999. Spaces at margins: Migrant domestic workers and the development of civil society in Singapore. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 31 (7):1149–67. doi: 10.1068/a311149.
  • Yeoh, B. S. A., and S. Huang. 2010. Transnational domestic workers and the negotiation of mobility and work practices in Singapore’s home-spaces. Mobilities 5 (2):219–36. doi: 10.1080/17450101003665036.
  • Yeoh, B. S. A., M. Platt, C. Y. Khoo, T. Lam, and G. Baey. 2017. Indonesian domestic workers and the (un)making of transnational livelihoods and provisional futures. Social & Cultural Geography 18 (3):415–34. doi: 10.1080/14649365.2016.1185800.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.