References
- Aharonot, Y. (1995, November 9). Word: Qtext in disguise. Yediot Aharonot, 10. [in Hebrew]
- Ahvenainen, J. (2011). The history of the near eastern telegraphs before the First World War. Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.
- ‘Al Hamishmar. (1945, March 26). As of today – telegrams from Jerusalem to Tel-Aviv in Hebrew “Teleprinter”. ‘Al Hamishma,4.
- Amihud, I. (1972). The electronic computer and data processing (4th ed.). Hod-Ami.
- Amikam, Y. (1947). 22 Letters Fight for their Right: the struggle of Hebrew Language for 25 years in the Eretzisraeli telegraph office. Amikam. [in Hebrew]
- Anderson, W. (2017). Postcolonial specters of STS. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 11(2), 229–233. https://doi.org/10.1215/18752160-3828937 Available at: https://www.knesset.gov.il/docs/heb/infocom/final110.htm.
- Aytürk, İ. (2007). Attempts at romanizing the Hebrew script and their failure: Nationalism, religion and alphabet reform in the Yishuv. Middle Eastern Studies, 43(4), 625–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200701348920
- Baasanjav, U. B. (2014). Linguistic diversity on the Internet: Arabic, Chinese and Cyrillic script top-level domain names. Telecommunications Policy, 38(11), 961–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2014.03.005
- Balbi, G., & Fickers, A. (2020). History of the International Telecommunication Union. De Gruyter.
- Bemer, R. W. (2013). Robert William Bemer: Biography. https://web.archive.org/web/20131017062722/http://www.trailing-edge.com/∼bobbemer/EUROPE.HTM
- Ben-Avi, I. (1932a). Canaan, our land: 5000 years of Israel on its land. Zion.
- Ben-Avi, I. (1932b, September 28). Consistency and its fruit. Doar Hayom. [in Hebrew]
- Boast, R. (2017). The machine in the ghost: Digitality and its consequences. Reaktion books.
- Bond, R. (1864). The handbook of the telegraph, being a manual of telegraphy, telegraph clerks’ remembrancer, and guide to candidates for employment in the telegraph service. Virtue Brothers & Co.
- Bright, C. (1918). Telegraphy aeronautics and war. Constable and Company.
- Brügger, N. (2017). Probing a nation’s web domain: A new approach to web history and a new kind of historical source. In G. Goggin & M. McLelland (Eds.), The Routledge companion to global Internet histories (pp. 61–73). Taylor and Francis.
- Burns, R. W. (2004). Communications: an international history of the formative years. The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
- Codding, G. A. (1952). The International Telecommunication Union. Brill.
- Davar. (1945, March 27). The first Hebrew teleprinter inaugurated. Davar, 4.
- Davis, M. (2010, January 28). Unicode nearing 50% of the web. Google Official Blog. https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/01/unicode-nearing-50-of-web.html.
- Doar. (1959). Opening of the international telex service in Israel. Doar: A Journal for Matters of Post, Telegraph Telephone and Radio, 4–5, 3–5. [in Hebrew]
- Dror, Y. (2002, June 23). Kibutz members unify messages. Haaretz. [in Hebrew]
- Edelman, U. (2000, February 20). A very rich text. Yediot Aharonot, 8. [in Hebrew]
- Ewell, D., Bettencourt, R., & Bánffy, R. (2019). Proposal to add characters from legacy computers and teletext to the UCS. International Organization for Standardization. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19025-terminals-prop.pdf.
- Fari, S. (2015). The formative years of the telegraph union. Cambridge Scholars publishing.
- Fischer, E. (2015). The evolution of character codes, 1874–1968. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.96.678&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
- Galloway, A. R., & Thacker, E. (2007). The exploit: A theory of networks. University of Minnesota Press.
- Globes. (1998, May 8). A comparison between Hebrew word processors: Word, Qtext, and Dagesh. Globes. [in Hebrew]
- Goggin, G., & McLelland, M. (Eds.). (2017). The Routledge companion to global Internet histories. Taylor and Francis.
- Hatzofe. (1945, March 26). A Hebrew teleprinter activated between Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv. Hatzofe, 1. [in Hebrew]
- IBM (1967). The computer arrives at the capital. Meida Ve’netunim (Information and data), 5, 1–2. [in Hebrew]
- IBM. (1969). Introduction to the 360 system. IBM Israel. [in Hebrew]
- Iraq Railways. (1925). Telegraph manual. The Superintendent Railway Press.
- ITU. (1965). From semaphore to satellite. Geneva: International Communication Union.
- John, N. A. (2013). The construction of the multilingual Internet: Unicode, Hebrew, and globalization. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(3), 321–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12015
- Laborie, L. (2011). Fragile links, frozen identities: the governance of telecommunication networks and Europe (1944–53). History and Technology, 27(3), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2011.604175
- Mattelart, A. (2000). Networking the World 1794–2000. University of Minnesota Press.
- McLelland, M. (2017). Early challenges to multilingualism on the Internet: the case of Han character-based scripts. Internet Histories, 1(1–2), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701475.2017.1280889
- Ornan, U. (1992). Hebrew in Canaanite perspective. In U. Ornan, R. Ben-Shahar and G. Turi, (Eds.), Hebrew – A living language (pp. 321–333).Haifa University Press. [in Hebrew]
- Ornan, U. (2001). Hebrew Transcript in computer keyboards. Lĕšonénu La’am, 51–52(2), 86–90. [in Hebrew]
- Ornan, U. (2002). Hebrew in Latin script. Lĕšonénu, 64, 137–151. [in Hebrew]
- Park, D. (2016). The Korean character code: A National Controversy, 1987–1995. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 38(2), 40–53.
- Paterson, J. B. (1997). ISO/IEC 8859-1:1997 (E).ISO/IEC. http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/sc2/wg3/docs/n411.pdf.
- Pfeferman, A. (1958, October 24–29). History of the Hebrew telegraph. Doar: Post, Telegraph, Telephone and Radio Monthly. [in Hebrew]
- Prieto-Ñañez, F. (2016). Postcolonial histories of computing. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 38(2), 2–4.
- QUIDNUNC. (1931, May 19). In a few lines: Anomaly. The Palestine Bulletin, 4.
- Ruppel, M. (1932, February 7). Telegrams in Hebrew characters: Mandates Commission’s Action. The Palestine Bulletin, 2.
- Sarig, G. (1975). Hebrew Morse signs and phonetic alphabet. Kesher Ve’elektronika (Communication and Electronics ),97(103), 240–242.
- Sarig, G. (1988). The Gid’onimin in the Ha’apala Ships. Yad Tabenkin. [in Hebrew]
- Shahaf, T. (1988, April 5). Selling software to Israelis. Ma’ariv, 14–15.
- Shikmoni, D., Alloush, M., & Ben-Avraham, Y. (1997). A report on Hebrew and standardization.
- Siegert, B., (1999). Relays: Literature as an Epoch of the Postal System. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Slonimski, H. S. (1862, February 4). The Telegraph (part 1). Hatzfira, 1–5.
- The Israel Internet Association. (2021). https://www.isoc.org.il/domain-name-registry/hebrew-domain-names/background-dot-israel.
- The Palestine Bulletin. (1928, December 28). No Hebrew characters in telegrams. The Palestine Bulletin, 3.
- The Palestine Post. (1934a, May 28). A poor defence. The Palestine Post, 4.
- The Palestine Post. (1934b, December 9). Telegrams in Hebrew. The Palestine Post, 5.
- The Palestine Post. (1945, March 22). Telegrams in Hebrew characters. The Palestine Post, 3.
- The Sentinel. (1940, February 22). Yishuv wires use Hebrew characters. The Sentinel, 35.
- Unicode. (2021). https://www.unicode.org/standard/supported.html.