Preparation of nano-CaO and catalyzing tri-component coupling transesterification to produce biodiesel

References

• Soh, L. ; Zimmerman, J. Biodiesel Production: The Potential of Algal Lipids Extracted with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Green Chem. 2011, 13 , 1422. DOI: 10.1039/c1gc15068e.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bueno, A. R. ; Oman, R. F. M. ; Jardim, P. M. ; Rey, N. A. ; de Avillez, R. R. Kinetics of Nanocrystalline MgO Growth by the Sol–Gel Combustion Method. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2014, 185 , 86–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.10.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khayoon, M. S. ; Hameed, B. H. Single-Step Esterification of Crude Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) Oil to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters over Mesostructured SBA-16 Supported 12-Molybdophosphoric Acid Catalyst. J. Fuel Process Technol. 2013, 114 , 12–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.014.
   Google Scholar
• Majhi, S. ; Ray, S. A Study on Production of Biodiesel Using a Novel Solid Oxide Catalyst Derived from Waste. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2016, 23 , 9251–9259. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4824-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buasri, A. ; Ksapabutr, B. ; Panapoy, M. ; Chaiyut, N. Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Palm Oil Using Calcium Oxide Supported on Activated Carbon as Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2012, 29 , 1708–1712. DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0047-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zang, L. P. ; Sun, S. Z. ; Xin, Z. ; Sheng, B. Y. ; Liu, Q.Synthesis and component confirmation of biodiesel from palm oil and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by immobilized-lipase in solvent-free system.   J. Fuel 2010, 89 , 3960. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.06.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seong, P.-J. ; Jeon, B. W. ; Lee, M. ; Cho, D. H. ; Kim, D.-K. ; Jung, K. S. ; Kim, S. W. ; Han, S. O. ; Kim, Y. H. ; Park, C. Enzymatic Coproduction of Biodiesel and Glycerol Carbonate from Soybean Oil and Dimethyl Carbonate. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2011, 48 , 505–509. DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.02.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Y. ; Cheng, Q. T. ; Cao, H. ; Zhang, L. ; Zhang, J. ; Li, H. F. Coupling Transesterifications for No-Glycerol Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Calcium Oxide. J. C. R. Chim. 2015, 18 , 1328–1334. DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, G. ; Mohadesi, M. Z. ; Hojabri, J. Biodiesel Production by CaO/SiO2 Catalyst Synthesized by the Sol–Gel Process. React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. 2014, 113 , 169–186. DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0728-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouzu, M. ; Kasuno, T. ; Tajika, M. ; Sugimoto, Y. ; Yamanaka, S. ; Hidaka, J. Calcium Oxide as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil and Its Application to Biodiesel Production. J. Fuel 2008, 87 , 2798–2806. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.10.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. ; Cai, D. ; Wang, S. S. ; Tang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. ; Liu, Y. ; Gao, X. Q. Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amide from Soybean Oil Methyl Ester Catalysed by Modified CaO. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 2014, 92 , 871–875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyero, I. ; Arzamendi, G. ; Gandía, L. M. Heterogenization of the biodiesel synthesis catalysis: CaO and novel calcium compounds as transesterification catalysts . J. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 2014, 92 , 1519. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.11.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S. ; Ma, J. ; Guan, L. ; Li, J. ; Wei, W. ; Sun, Y. Mesoporous CaO–ZrO2 Nano-Oxides: A Novel Solid Base with High Activity and Stability. J. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2009, 117 , 466–471. DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2008.07.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaakob, Z. ; Mohammad, M. ; Alherbawi, M. ; Alam, Z. ; Sopian, K. Overview of the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013, 18 , 184–193. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intarapong, P. ; Iangthanarat, S. ; Phanthong, P. ; Luengnaruemitchai, A. ; Jai-In, S. ; Jai-In, A. Activity and basic properties of KOH/mordenite for transesterification of palm oil. J. Energy Chem. 2013, 22 , 690–700. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-4956(13)60092-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soetaredjo, F. E. ; Ayucitra, A. ; Ismadji, S. ; Maukar, A. L. KOH/Bentonite Catalysts for Transesterification of Palm Oil to Biodiesel. J. Appl. Clay Sci. 2011, 53 , 341–346. DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kai, T. ; Mak, G. L. ; Wada, S. ; Nakazato, T. ; Takanashi, H. ; Uemura, Y. Production of Biodiesel Fuel from Canola Oil with Dimethyl Carbonate Using an Active Sodium Methoxide Catalyst Prepared by Crystallization. Bioresour. Technol. 2014, 163 , 360–363. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shyamsundar, M. ; Sahu, J. N.Catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from pongamia glabra over zirconia and its modified forms. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2013, 30 , 2186. DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0177-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cínthia, S. ; Castro, L. C. ; Júnior, F. G. ; Assaf, J. M. The enhanced activity of Ca/MgAl mixed oxide for transesterification. Fuel Process. Technol. 2014, 125 , 73. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granados, M. L. ; Poves, M. D. Z. ; Alonso, D. M. ; Mariscal, R. ; Galisteo, F. C. ; Moreno-Tost, R. ; Santamaría, J. ; Fierro, J. L. G. Biodiesel from Sunflower Oil by Using Activated Calcium Oxide. Appl. Catal. B 2007, 73 , 317–326. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.12.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. J. ; Kang, B. S. ; Kim, M. J. ; Park, Y. M. ; Kim, D. K. ; Lee, J. S. ; Lee, K. Y. Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using heterogeneous base catalyst. J. Catal. Today 2004, 93 , 315. DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.06.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrero, G. O. ; Almeida, M. F. ; Alvim-Ferraz, M. C. M. ; Dias, J. M. Glycerol-Enriched Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil and Waste Frying Oil. J. Energy Convers. Manag. 2015, 89 , 665–671. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dj, V. ; Comic, D. ; Zarubica, A. ; Micic, R. ; Boskovic, G. Kinetics of biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil over CaO heterogeneous catalyst. Fuel 2010, 89 , 2054. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.11.043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar