The green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle as a novel natural apoptosis inducer in human breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB231) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells

References

• Narendhirakannan, R.; Hannah, M. A. C. Oxidative Stress and Skin Cancer: An Overview. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 2013, 28, 110–115. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0278-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strzelczyk, J. K.; Wiczkowski, A. Oxidative Damage and Carcinogenesis. Contemp. Oncol. (Pozn) 2012, 16, 230–233. DOI: 10.5114/wo.2012.29290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernald, K.; Kurokawa, M. Evading Apoptosis in Cancer. Trends Cell Biol. 2013, 23, 620–633. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.07.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, N.; Kumar, S.; Marlowe, T.; Chaudhary, A. K.; Kumar, R.; Wang, J.; O'Malley, J.; Boland, P. M.; Jayanthi, S.; Kumar, T. K. S.; et al. Oxidative Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Cancer Cell Apoptosis in Response to Anticancer Agents. Cell Death Dis. 2015, 6, e1969DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulaiman, G. M.; Mohammed, W. H.; Marzoog, T. R.; Al-Amiery, A. A. A.; Kadhum, A. A. H.; Mohamad, A. B. Green Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Using Eucalyptus Chapmaniana Leaves Extract. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2013, 3, 58–63. DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60024-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karin, M.; Lin, A. NF-kappaB at the Crossroads of Life and Death. Nat. Immunol. 2002, 3, 221–227. DOI: 10.1038/ni0302-221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foyer, C. H.; Wilson, M. H.; Wright, M. H. Redox Regulation of Cell Proliferation: bioinformatics and Redox Proteomics Approaches to Identify Redox-Sensitive Cell Cycle Regulators. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2018, 122, 137–149. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray, F.; Ferlay, J.; Soerjomataram, I.; Siegel, R. L.; Torre, L. A.; Jemal, A. Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018, 68, 394–424. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khatri, S.; Lohani, P.; Gandhi, S. Nanoemulsions in cancer therapy. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, 124-133.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, H.; Magaye, R.; Castranova, V.; Zhao, J. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Review of Current Toxicological Data. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2013, 10, 15. DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzea, C.; Pacheco, I. I.; Robbie, K. Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources and Toxicity. Biointerphases 2007, 2, MR17–MR71. DOI: 10.1116/1.2815690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen, J. W.; Martinez, E.; Louka, P.; Wingett, D. G. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Selective Destruction of Tumor Cells and Potential for Drug Delivery Applications. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2010, 7, 1063–1077. DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.502560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahrami, B.; Hojjat-Farsangi, M.; Mohammadi, H.; Anvari, E.; Ghalamfarsa, G.; Yousefi, M.; Jadidi-Niaragh, F. Nanoparticles and Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Immunol. Lett. 2017, 190, 64–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashe, B., A Detail Investigation to Observe the Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in Biological System (Doctoral dissertation), Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering National Institute Of Technology Rourkela, Orissa, India, January, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, M. D.; Gautam, P. Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoflowers Using C Hlamydomonas Reinhardtii: A Green Approach. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 2016, 35, 1020–1026. DOI: 10.1002/ep.12315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afifi, M.; Almaghrabi, O. A.; Kadasa, N. M. Ameliorative Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidants and Sperm Characteristics in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Testes. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015, 2015, 153573. DOI: 10.1155/2015/153573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J.; Liu, X.; Wang, C.; Yin, S.-S.; Li, X.-L.; Hu, W.-J.; Simon, M.; Shen, Z.-J.; Xiao, Q.; Chu, C.-C.; et al. Nitric Oxide Ameliorates Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Induced Phytotoxicity in Rice Seedlings. J. Hazard. Mater 2015, 297, 173–182. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran, R.; Gnanasekar, S.; Seetharaman, P.; Keppanan, R.; Arockiaswamy, W.; Sivaperumal, S. Formulation of Carica Papaya Latex-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles for Its Improved Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications. J. Mol. Liq. 2016, 219, 232–238. DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.03.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhandapani, P.; Siddarth, A. S.; Kamalasekaran, S.; Maruthamuthu, S.; Rajagopal, G. Bio-Approach: ureolytic Bacteria Mediated Synthesis of ZnO Nanocrystals on Cotton Fabric and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 2014, 103, 448–455. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isık, T.; Hilal, M. E.; Horzum, N. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures. In Zinc Oxide Based Nano Materials and Devices. IntechOpen: London, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Yuvakkumar, R.; Suresh, J.; Nathanael, A. J.; Sundrarajan, M.; Hong, S. I. Novel Green Synthetic Strategy to Prepare ZnO Nanocrystals Using Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel Extract and Its Antibacterial Applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 2014, 41, 17–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chokkareddy, R.; Redhi, G. G. Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Its Reaction Mechanisms. In Green Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications, Wiley: New York, 2018; pp. 113–139.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, V.; Sharma, R. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Fresh Peels Extract of Punica Granatum and Its Antimicrobial Activities. Int. J. Pharma Res. Health Sci. 2015, 3, 694–699.
   Google Scholar
• Dehpour, A. A.; Ebrahimzadeh, M. A.; Seyed Fazel, N.; Seyed Mohammad, N. Antioxidant Activity of the Methanol Extract of Ferula Assafoetida and Its Essential Oil Composition. Grasas Aceites 2009, 60, 405–412. DOI: 10.3989/gya.010109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra, S. P. K.; Mandal, T. Biomedical Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials in Cancer Treatment: A Review. 2016. SCIREA Journal of Chemistry, 2016, 68-79
   Google Scholar
• Baek, M.; Kim, M. K.; Cho, H. J.; Lee, J. A.; Yu, J.; Chung, H. E.; Choi, S. J. Factors Influencing the Cytotoxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Particle Size and Surface Charge. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2011, 304, 012044. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/304/1/012044.
   Google Scholar
• Ahamed, M.; Akhtar, M. J.; Raja, M.; Ahmad, I.; Siddiqui, M. K. J.; AlSalhi, M. S.; Alrokayan, S. A. ZnO Nanorod-Induced Apoptosis in Human Alveolar Adenocarcinoma Cells via p53, Survivin and Bax/Bcl-2 Pathways: Role of Oxidative Stress. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 2011, 7, 904–913. DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.04.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan, R.; Kang, T.; Lu, F.; Zhang, Z.; Shen, H.; Liu, M. Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Genotoxicity in Human Hepatocyte and Embryonic Kidney Cells Exposed to ZnO Nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2012, 7, 602. DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvakumari, D., et al., Anti cancer Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles on MCF7 (Breast Cancer Cell) and A549 (Lung Cancer Cell). Asian Research Publishing Network Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2015, 10, p. 5418–5421.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J.; Lee, J. S.; Kim, D.; Zhu, L. Exploration of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as a Multitarget and Multifunctional Anticancer Nanomedicine. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 39971–39984. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, D.-P.; Zhang, X.-F.; Zhang, G.-L.; Huang, Y.-F.; Gurunathan, S. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int. J. Nanomed. 2017, 12, 6521–6535. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S140071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derakhshan, M. Apoptosis at a glance: Death or life? Paki J of Medi Scie.2007.979.
   Google Scholar
• Saraste, A.; Pulkki, K. Morphologic and Biochemical Hallmarks of Apoptosis. Cardiovasc. Res. 2000, 45, 528–537. DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6363(99)00384-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjöström, J.; Blomqvist, C.; von Boguslawski, K.; Bengtsson, N.-O.; Mjaaland, I.; Malmström, P.; Ostenstadt, B.; Wist, E.; Valvere, V.; Takayama, S.; et al. The Predictive Value of Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL, Bag-1, Fas, and fasL for Chemotherapy Response in Advanced Breast Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2002, 8, 811–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, C.-Z.; Zhang, Z. Bcl-2 Overexpression Inhibits Generation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Blocks Adriamycin-Induced Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2013, 14, 895–901. DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.895.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song, M.; Dominguez, C.; Lowe, E.; Parthasarathy, S.; Murphy, A. A. Antioxidants (Vitamins E and C) Decrease Bcl2/Increase Apoptosis in Eutopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis. Fertil. Steril. 2004, 82, S166–S167. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P.; Huo, L.; Su, W.; Lu, R.; Deng, C.; Liu, L.; Deng, Y.; Guo, N.; Lu, C.; He, C.; et al. Free Radical-Scavenging Capacity, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Pouzolzia zeylanica. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 2011, 76, 709–717. DOI: 10.2298/JSC100818063L.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, D.; Ou, B.; Prior, R. L. The Chemistry behind Antioxidant Capacity Assays. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 1841–1856. DOI: 10.1021/jf030723c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, K. J.; Tait, S. W. Targeting BCL-2 Regulated Apoptosis in Cancer. Open Biol. 2018, 8, 180002. DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santhoshkumar, J.; Kumar, S. V.; Rajeshkumar, S. Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Leaf Extract against Urinary Tract Infection Pathogen. Resour-Effic. Technol. 2017, 3, 459–465. DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2017.05.001.
   Google Scholar
• Crowley, L. C.; Marfell, B. J.; Waterhouse, N. J. Analyzing Cell Death by Nuclear Staining with Hoechst 33342. Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. 2016, 2016, pdb.prot087205. DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot087205.
   Google Scholar
• Blois, M. S. Antioxidant Determinations by the Use of a Stable Free Radical. Nature 1958, 181, 1199–1200. DOI: 10.1038/1811199a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L.; Liu, L.; Li, Z.; Hu, D.; Gao, C.; Xiong, J.; Li, W. The Synthesis of CB[8]/ZnO Composites Materials with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities. Heliyon 2019, 5, e01714DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lye, J. C.; Richards, C. D.; Dechen, K.; Paterson, D.; de Jonge, M. D.; Howard, D. L.; Warr, C. G.; Burke, R. Systematic Functional Characterization of Putative Zinc Transport Genes and Identification of Zinc Toxicosis Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Exp. Biol. 2012, 215, 3254–3265. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.069260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, Z.; Lu, J. G. Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and properties. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2005, 5, 1561–1573. DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2005.182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W.; Zhang, J. Using Nanoparticles to Enable Simultaneous Radiation and Photodynamic Therapies for Cancer Treatment. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2006, 6, 1159–1166. DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2006.327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H.; Liu, C.; Yang, D.; Zhang, H.; Xi, Z. Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by Four Typical Nanomaterials: The Role of Particle Size, Shape and Composition. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2009, 29, 69–78. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu, A.; Haldar, S. The Relationship between BcI2, Bax and p53: Consequences for Cell Cycle Progression and Cell Death. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 1998, 4, 1099–1109. DOI: 10.1093/molehr/4.12.1099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmore, S. Apoptosis: A Review of Programmed Cell Death. Toxicol. Pathol. 2007, 35, 495–516. DOI: 10.1080/01926230701320337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poljšak, B.; Fink, R. The Protective Role of Antioxidants in the Defence against ROS/RNS-Mediated Environmental Pollution. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2014, 2014, 671539. DOI: 10.1155/2014/671539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liou, G.-Y.; Storz, P. Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer. Free Radic. Res. 2010, 44, 479–496. DOI: 10.3109/10715761003667554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, E.-S.; Muller, F. L.; Pérez, V. I.; Qi, W.; Liang, H.; Xi, L.; Fu, C.; Doyle, E.; Hickey, M.; Cornell, J.; et al. The In Vivo Gene Expression Signature of Oxidative Stress. Physiol. Genom. 2008, 34, 112–126. DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00239.2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyashita, T.; Reed, J. C. Tumor Suppressor p53 is a Direct Transcriptional Activator of the Human Bax Gene. Cell 1995, 80, 293–300. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90412-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisman, D.; Takahashi, P.; Polson, A.; Boggs, K. Transcriptional Regulation of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in S-Phase of the Cell-Cycle and the Cellular Response to DNA Damage. Biochem. Res. Int. 2012, 2012, 808934. DOI: 10.1155/2012/808934.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas, A.; El Rouby, S.; Reed, J. C.; Krajewski, S.; Silber, R.; Potmesil, M.; Newcomb, E. W. Drug-Induced Apoptosis in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: relationship between p53 Gene Mutation and Bcl-2/Bax Proteins in Drug Resistance. Oncogene 1996, 12, 1055–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCurrach, M. E.; Connor, T. M.; Knudson, C. M.; Korsmeyer, S. J.; Lowe, S. W. Bax-Deficiency Promotes Drug Resistance and Oncogenic Transformation by Attenuating p53-Dependent Apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 2345–2349. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.6.2345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, C.; Knudson, C. M.; Korsmeyer, S. J.; Van Dyke, T. Bax Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Stimulates Apoptosis In Vivo. Nature 1997, 385, 637–640. DOI: 10.1038/385637a0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, R.; Letai, A.; Sarosiek, K. Regulation of Apoptosis in Health and Disease: The Balancing Act of BCL-2 Family Proteins. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2019, 20, 175–193. DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0089-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvakumari, D.; et al. Anti Cancer Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles on MCF7 (Breast Cancer Cell) and A549 (Lung Cancer Cell). ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2015, 10, 5418–5421.
   Google Scholar
• Bai Aswathanarayan, J.; Rai Vittal, R.; Muddegowda, U. Anticancer Activity of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Peptide Conjugates against Human Colon Adenorectal Carcinoma Cells. Artif. Cells. Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2018, 46, 1444–1451. DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1373655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, W.; Zhang, J.; Guo, J.; Zhang, J.; Ding, F.; Li, L.; Sun, Z. Role of the Dissolved Zinc Ion and Reactive Oxygen Species in Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles. Toxicol. Lett. 2010, 199, 389–397. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.10.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, T.; Kovochich, M.; Liong, M.; Mädler, L.; Gilbert, B.; Shi, H.; Yeh, J. I.; Zink, J. I.; Nel, A. E. Comparison of the Mechanism of Toxicity of Zinc Oxide and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Based on Dissolution and Oxidative Stress Properties. ACS Nano. 2008, 2, 2121–2134. DOI: 10.1021/nn800511k.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namvar, F.; Rahman, H. S.; Mohamad, R.; Azizi, S.; Tahir, P. M.; Chartrand, M. S.; Yeap, S. K. Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Murine Cell Lines. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2015, 2015, 593014. DOI: 10.1155/2015/593014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia, H.; Nounou, H.; Shalaby, M. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Oxidative DNA Damage, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rat's Brain after Oral Exposure. Toxics 2018, 6, 29. DOI: 10.3390/toxics6020029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajdary, M.; Negahdary, M.; Chelongar, R.; Zadeh, S. The Antioxidant Effects of Silver, Gold, and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Male Mice in In Vivo Condition. Adv. Biomed. Res. 2015, 4, 69. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.153893.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar