Regulatory Schemes and Legal Aspects of Sport Governance: Theoretical Perspectives and Conceptual Framework

References

• American Needle v. NFL, 560 U.S. 183 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Ansell, C., & Torfing, J. (2016). Introduction: Theories of governance. In C. Ansell & J. Torfing (Eds.), Handbook on theories of governance (pp. 1–17). Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
   Google Scholar
• Australian Sport Commission. (2012). Sports governance principles. Retrieved from chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.icsspe.org/system/files/Australian%20Sports%20Commission%20-%20Sports%20Governance%20Principles.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Babiak, K., Thibault, L., & Willem, A. (2018). Mapping research in interorganizational relationships in sport management: Current landscape and future research prospects. Journal of Sport Management, 32(3), 272–294. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2017-0099
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltazar v. Ace Parking Management, 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92024 (S.D. Cal. 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Bostock v. Clayton Country, 590 U.S (2020).
   Google Scholar
• Befort, S. F. (1998). Demystifying federal labor and employment law preemption. The Labor Lawyer, 13, 429–443.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, S. M., & Brown, K. M. (2022). Betting on athlete data: The legal landscape of professional sports, athletes’ rights and gaming companies. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–21. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2022.2098158
   Google Scholar
• Cho, S., Brison, N., Brown, K., & Quinn, K. (2023). A theoretical explanation of sport trademark litigation: Already v. Nike and Forever 21 v. Adidas. Journal of Global Sport Management, 8(1), 407–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1875563
   Google Scholar
• Cho, S., Shin, N., Kwak, D. H., Kim, A. C., Jang, W. S., Lee, J. S., & Ko, Y. J. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 crisis on major spectator sport industry in the U.S. and South Korea: Challenges and outlook. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–25. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1936591
   Google Scholar
• Clausen, J., Bayle, E., Giauque, D., Ruoranen, K., Lang, G., Nagel, S., Klenk, C., & Schlesinger, T. (2018). Drivers of and barriers to professionalization in international sport federations. Journal of Global Sport Management, 3(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2017.1411165
   Google Scholar
• Coffey, L. M. (2022). Equity or discrimination: Addressing legal challenges to transgender participation in U.S. high School and college sport. Journal of Global Sport Management, 2022, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2022.2071321
   Google Scholar
• Depken, C. A. (1999). Free agency and the competitiveness of Major League Baseball. Review of Industrial Organization, 14, 205–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diekmann, A. (1985). Volunteer’s dilemma. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 29(4), 605–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002785029004003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion. (n.d.). MLB.com. Retrieved June 14, 2023, from https://www.mlb.com/guardians/community/diversity.
   Google Scholar
• Dowling, M., Leopkey, B., & Smith, L. (2018). Governance in sport: A scoping review. Journal of Sport Management, 32(5), 438–451. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckard, E. W. (1998). The NCAA cartel and competitive balance in college football. Review of Industrial Organization, 13(3), 347–369. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007713802480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S. (2012). An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferkins, L., & Shilbury, D. (2019). Theoretical underpinnings of sport governance. In D. Shilbury & L. Ferkins (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport governance (pp. 18–32). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ferkins, L., Shilbury, D., & McDonald, G. (2005). The role of the board in building strategic capability: Towards an integrated model of sport governance research. Sport Management Review, 8(3), 195–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(05)70039-5
   Google Scholar
• Fleisher, A., Goff, B. L., Shughart, W. L., & Tollison, R. D. (1988). Crime or punishment? Enforcement of the NCAA football cartel. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 10(4), 433–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(88)90063-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleisher, A., Goff, B. L., & Tollison, R. D. (1992). The National Collegiate Athletic Association: A study in cartel behavior. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flood v. Kuhn, 407 U.S. 258 (1972).
   Google Scholar
• Fort, R. (2011). Sport economics. Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Fort, R., & Quirk, J. (1999). The college football industry. In J. Fizel, E. Gustafson, & L. Hadley (Eds.), Sports economics: Current research (pp. 11–26). Praeger Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Hecox v. Little, 479 F. Supp.3d 930 (D. Idaho 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Henry, I., & Lee, P. C. (2004). Governance and ethics in sport. In J. Beech, & S. Chadwick (Eds.), The business of sport management. (pp. 25–42). Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Hirotsu, N., & Wright, M. (2004). Modeling a baseball game to optimize pitcher substitution strategies using dynamic programming. In S. Butenko, J. Gil-Lafuente, P. M. Pardalos (Eds.), Economics, management and optimization in sports. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hoye, R., & Cuskelly, G. (2007). Sport governance. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hoye, R., & Doherty, A. (2011). Nonprofit sport board performance: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Sport Management, 25(3), 272–285. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.3.272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys, B. R., & Miceli, T. J. (2020a). Outcome uncertainty, fan travel, and aggregate attendance. Economic Inquiry, 58(1), 462–473. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12844
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys, B. R., & Miceli, T. J. (2020b). The peculiar preferences of sports fans: Toward a preference-based motivation for the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis. Journal of Sports Economics, 20(6), 782–796. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002518817590
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hums, M., & Maclean, J. (2017). Governance and policy in sport organizations (3rd ed.). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Inoue, Y., Berg, B. K., & Chelladurai, P. (2015). Spectator sport and population health: A scoping study. Journal of Sport Management, 29(6), 705–725. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSM.2014-0283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., Wegner, C., Bunds, K., Edwards, M., & Bocarro, J. (2018). Examining the environmental characteristics of shared leadership in a sport-for-development organization. Journal of Sport Management, 32(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2017-0274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G. J., Misener, K., Svensson, P. G., Taylor, E., & Hyun, M. (2020). Analyzing collaborations involving nonprofit youth sport organizations: A resource-dependency perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 34(3), 270–281. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonson, P. T., & Thorpe, D. (2019). Legal and regulatory aspects of sport governance. In D. Shilbury & L. Ferkins (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport governance (pp. 35–52). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Judge, W. (2009). Editorial: Towards a global theory of corporate governance. Corporate Governance, 17(2), iii–iiv. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00736.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, V. (2015). UEFA financial fairplay regulations and European Union antitrust law complications. Emory International Law Review, 29, 799–857.
   Google Scholar
• Kasale, L. L., Morrow, S., & Winand, M. (2023). An institutional work perspective to performance management: The case of Botswana national sport organizations. Journal of Global Sport Management, 8(1), 95–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2020.1765701
   Google Scholar
• King, N. (2014). Sport governance: An introduction. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Labor Management Relations Act. (1947). 29 U.S.C. §§ 141–197. Retrieved June 23, 2023, from https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/29/chapter-7
   Google Scholar
• Langas, K. (2023). Organizational structuralism: A comprehensive multidisciplinary hypothesis for the interpretation of organizational phenomena. Spring Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Law v. NCAA, 134 F.3d 1010 (10th Cir 1998).
   Google Scholar
• Levenson, E. (2018, May 17). Michigan State University reaches $500 million settlement with Larry Nassar victims. CNN. Retrieved 2023, June 17, from https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/16/us/larry-nassar-michigan-state-settlement/index.html#:∼:text=Michigan%20State%20University%20reaches%20%24500%20million%20settlement%20with%20Larry%20Nassar%20victims&text=Michigan%20State%20University%20will%20pay, of%20young%20girls%20and%20women
   Google Scholar
• Lindholm, J. (2010). The problem with salary caps under European Union law: The case against financial fair play. Texas Review of Entertainment and Sports Law, 12, 189–213.
   Google Scholar
• Long, C. R. (2012). Promoting competition or preventing it: A competition law analysis of UEFA’s financial fair play rules. Marquette Sports Law Review, 23, 75–101.
   Google Scholar
• Lucidarme, S., Babiak, K., & Willem, A. (2018). Governmental power in elite sport networks: A resource-dependency perspective. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(3), 348–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1405998
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, D., Thibault, L., & Misener, L. (2006). An agency theory perspective on corruption in sport: The case of the International Olympic Committee. Journal of Sport Management, 20(1), 52–73. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.20.1.52
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menaker, B. E., Sheptak, D., Kurland, J., & Tekin, D. (2021). Rethinking sport event security: From risk management to a community driven approach. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–23. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1929388
   Google Scholar
• Miller-Millesen, J. L. (2003). Understanding the behaviour of nonprofit boards of directors: A theory-based approach. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 32(4), 521–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764003257463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau, D. B. (2021). Mimetic isomorphism in non-profit organizations (NPO): Sports associations in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais departments. Societies, 11(3), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc11030100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrissey, R. (2023, July 12). What Northwestern’s firing of Pat Fitzgerald is not about. Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2023, July 13, from https://chicago.suntimes.com/2023/7/12/23792702/what-northwesterns-firing-of-pat-fitzgerald-is-not-about-wildcats-hazing-president-michael-schill
   Google Scholar
• Murphy v. NCAA, 584 U.S. (2018).
   Google Scholar
• Nite, C., & Edwards, J. (2021). From isomorphism to institutional work: Advancing institutional theory in sport management research. Sport Management Review, 24(5), 815–838. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1896845
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NCAA v. Alston, 594 U.S. (2021).
   Google Scholar
• NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, 468 U.S. 85 (1984).
   Google Scholar
• NFL v. NFLPA, 820 F.3d 527 (2nd Cir 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Northwestern University and CAPA, 363 NLRB 167, 1350 (2015).
   Google Scholar
• O’Bannon v. NCAA, 802 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir 2015).
   Google Scholar
• O’Boyle, I. (2012). Corporate governance applicability and theories within not-for-profit sport management. Corporate Ownership and Control, 9(2), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c3art3
   Google Scholar
• Peeters, T. (2012). Media revenue sharing as a coordination device in sports leagues. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 30(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2011.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penn State Scandal Fast Facts. (2023, April 13). CNN.com. Retrieved June 23, 2023, from https://www.cnn.com/2013/10/28/us/penn-state-scandal-fast-facts/index.html#:∼:text=On%20November%204%2C%202011%2C%20a,about%20some%20of%20these%20incidents
   Google Scholar
• Philadelphia World Hockey Club v. Philadelphia Hockey Club, 351 F.Supp. 462 (E.D. Pa 1972).
   Google Scholar
• Ruland, S. (2019, November 10). Penn State has paid $118 million to Jerry Sandusky victims, audit report finds. York Daily Record. Retrieved June 17, 2023, from https://www.ydr.com/story/news/2019/11/10/penn-state-has-paid-118-million-sandusky-victims-audit-report-finds/2556942001/
   Google Scholar
• Salepi, P., Georgiadis, K., Kriemadis, A., & Travlos, A. (2022). Dependence on resources and cooperation networks of the National Olympic Academies. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 17(4), 824–838. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.174.10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer, T., Bodey, K., & Judge, L. (2008). Sport governance and policy development: An ethical approach to managing sport in the 21st century. Sagamore.
   Google Scholar
• Shilbury, D., & Ferkins, L. (2019). An overview of sport governance scholarship. In D. Shilbury & L. Ferkins (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport governance (pp. 3–17). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shilbury, D., Ferkins, L., & Smythe, L. (2013). Sport governance encounters: Insights from lived experiences. Sport Management Review, 16(3), 349–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2012.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skille, E. A. (2011). Change and isomorphism-A case study of translation processes in a Norwegian sport club. Sport Management Review, 14(1), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2010.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slack, T., & Parent, M. (2006). Understanding sport organizations: The application of organizational theory (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Sroka, R. (2022). Financial fair play and the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–20. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2022.2032258
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, B. (2015, August 17). N.L.R.B. rejects Northwestern football players’ union bid. The New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/18/sports/ncaafootball/nlrb-says-northwestern-football-players-cannot-unionize.html
   Google Scholar
• Surdam, D. G. (2010). The ball game biz. McFarland & Company, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Szymanski, S. (2014). Fair is foul: A critical analysis of UEFA financial fair play. International Journal of Sport Finance, 9, 218–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tainsky, S., Xu, J., Mills, B. M., & Salaga, S. (2016). How success and uncertainty compel interest in related goods: Playoff probability and out-of-market television viewership in the National Football League. Review of Industrial Organization, 48(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-015-9479-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weesie, J., & Franzen, A. (1998). Cost sharing in a volunteer’s dilemma. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 42(5), 600–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002798042005004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenz, M. G. (2012). A proposal for incentive-compatible revenue sharing in Major League Baseball. Journal of Sport Management, 26(6), 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.26.6.479
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White v. NCAA, Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement, No. CV-06-0999 RGK (C.D. Cal. Filed Jan 28, 2008).
   Google Scholar