References
- AASHTO. (2011) . The manual for bridge evaluation. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
- AASHTO. (2012) . AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
- ABAQUS. (2013) . ABAQUS 6.13 [Computer software]. Dassault Systèmes.
- Albraheemi, M. J. A., Davids, W. G., Schanck, A., & Tomlinson, S. (2019). Evaluation and rating of older non-composite steel girder bridges using field live load testing and nonlinear finite element analysis. Bridge Structures, 15(1–2), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.3233/BRS-190150
- Bakht, B., & Jaeger, L. G. (1990). Bridge testing – A surprise every time. Journal of Structural Engineering, 116(5), 1370–1383. https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy02.ursus.maine.edu/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:5(1370)
- Barth, K. E., & Wu, H. (2006). Efficient nonlinear finite element modeling of slab on steel stringer bridges. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 42(2006), 1304–1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2006.06.004
- Bechtel, A. J., McConnel, J. R., & Chajes, M. J. (2009). Destructive testing and finite element analysis to determine ultimate capacity of skewed steel I-girder bridges. Transportation Research Record, 2131(1), 49–56. https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy02.ursus.maine.edu/10.3141/2131-05
- Bridge Diagnostics Incorporated. (2010) . Wireless structural testing system STS-WiFi operations manual. BDI.
- Buckle, I. G., Dickson, A. R., & Phillips, M. H. (1984). Ultimate strength of three reinforced concrete highway bridges. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 12(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1139/l85-007
- Burdette, E. G., & Goodpasture, D. W. (1971). Final report for “Full-scale bridge testing”. University of Tennessee.
- Catbas, F. N., Gokce, H. B., & Gul, M. (2012). Practical approach for estimating distribution factor for load rating: Demonstration on reinforced concrete T-beam bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 17(4), 652–661. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000284
- Coleman, T. F., & Li, Y. (1996). An interior trust region approach for nonlinear minimization subject to bounds. S.I.A.M. Journal of Optiization, 6(2), 418–445. https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy02.ursus.maine.edu/10.1137/0806023
- Davids, W. G., Poulin, T. J., & Goslin, K. (2013). Finite-element analyses and load ratings of flat slab concrete bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 18(10), 946–956. https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy02.ursus.maine.edu/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000461
- Demir, A., Caglar, N., Ozturk, H., & Sumer, Y. (2016). Nonlinear finite element study on the improvement of shear capacity in reinforced concrete T-section beams by an alternative diagonal shear reinforcement. Engineering Structures, 120(2016), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.04.029
- Eom, J., & Nowak, A. S. (2001). Live load distribution for steel girder bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 6(6), 489–497. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2001)6:6(489)
- Federal Highway Administration. (2018). 2018HwyBridgesDelimitedAllStates [Dataset]. FHWA. Retrieved July, 2019, from https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/nbi/ascii.cfm
- Gheitasi, A., & Harris, D. K. (2015). Failure characteristics and ultimate load-carrying capacity of redundant composite steel girder bridges: Case study. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 20(3), 05014012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000667
- Hasançebi, O., & Dumlupinar, T. (2013). Detailed load rating analyses of bridge populations using nonlinear finite element models an artificial neural networks. Computers and Structures, 128(2002), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2013.08.001
- Hognestad, E. (1951). A study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
- Jáuregui, D. V., Licon-Lozano, A., & Kulkarni, K. (2010). Higher level evaluation of a reinforced concrete slab bridge. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 15(2), 172–182. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000047
- Kim, Y. J., Tanovic, R., & Wight, R. (2009). Recent advances in performance evaluation and flexural response of existing bridges. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 23(3), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000007
- Li, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., & Wu, L. (2017). Ultimate flexural capacity of a severely damaged reinforced concrete T-girder bridge. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 22(5), 05017003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001027
- Marx, H. J., Khachaturian, N., & Gamble, W. L. (1986). Development of design criteria for simply supported skew slab-and-girder bridges. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
- MathWorks. (2018) . MATLAB R2018a [Computer software].
- Menassa, C., Mabsout, M., Tarhini, K., & Frederick, G. (2007). Influence of skew angle on reinforced concrete skew bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 12(2), 205–214. https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy02.ursus.maine.edu/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2007)12:2(205)
- Miklofsky, H. A. (1974). Correlation of theoretical and experimental data for highway bridges Vol. I: Static loading. Federal Highway Administration.
- Miklofsky, H. A. (1975). Correlation of theoretical and experimental data for highway bridges Vol. II: Military loading. Federal Highway Administration.
- Oh, B. H., Ki, K. S., & Lew, Y. (2002). Ultimate load behavior of a post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder bridge through in-place failure test. ACI Structural Journal, 99(2), 172–180. http://doi.org/10.14359/11542
- Riks, E. (1979). An incremental approach to the solution of snapping and buckling problems. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 15(7), 529–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(79)90081-7
- Sanayei, M., Reiff, A. J., Brenner, B. R., & Imbaro, G. R. (2016). Load rating of a fully instrumented bridge: Comparison of LRFR approaches. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 30(2), 04015019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000752
- Schanck, A., & Davids, W. (2020). Capacity assessment of older T-beam bridges by nonlinear proxy finite element analysis. Structures, 23(2020), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.09.012
- Song, H. W., You, D. W., Byu, K. J., & Maekawa, K. (2002). Finite element failure analysis of reinforced concrete T-girder bridges. Engineering Structures, 24(2002), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00107-9
- Transportation Research Board. (1998). Manual for bridge rating through load testing (NCHRP Research Results Digest. No. 234).
- Yost, J. R., Schulz, J. L., & Commander, B. C. (2005). Using NDT data for finite element model calibration and load rating of bridges. In: Structures Congress 2005: Metropolis and beyond. ASCE. https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy02.ursus.maine.edu/10.1061/40753(171)3