Voices from Behind the Bars: Kidnappers’ Natural Self-Accounting Views, Perceptions, and Feelings on Kidnapping in the Southeastern States of Nigeria

References

• Adibe, J. (2012). Pervasive kidnapping in Nigeria: Symptom of a failing state. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://www.hollerafrica.com/showarticle.php?artld=304&catled=1.Accessed .
   Google Scholar
• Box, S. (1996). Why should recession cause crime to increase? In S. Box, Crime, deviance and society: Selected debates (Ed. Pp. 267–293). United Kingdom: Greenwich University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs: New Jersey.
   Google Scholar
• Clutterbuck, R. (1987). Kidnap, hijack and extortion: The response. London, England: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Copes, H. (2012). Street life and the rewards of auto theft. In M. R. Pogrebin (Ed.), About criminals: A view of the offenders’ world (2nd ed., pp. 15–24). Available at http://www.bokus.com/bok/9781412999441/about-criminals/. Accessed 12th August, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Diara, B. C. (2010). Kidnapping for ransom as a revolutionary effect of capitalism in Africa. International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences, 2, 49–58.
   Google Scholar
• Dode, R. O. (2007). Incidents of hostage taking and the Niger Delta crisis in Nigeria. South-South Journal of Culture and Development, 9(1), 162–179.
   Google Scholar
• Durrheim, K. (1999). Research design. In M.T., Blanch & K., Durrheim (Eds.). Research in practice: Applied methods for the social sciences (pp. 29–53). University of Cape Town Press: Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Eboh, C. (2010). Kidnapping on the rise in Nigeria. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://www.seldefender.net
   Google Scholar
• Erickson, D. (1979). Some problems of inference from chain data. Sociological Methodology, 10, 276–302. doi:10.2307/270774
   Google Scholar
• Eso, H. (2009). Incessant kidnappings and the brutalisation of Nigeria. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://[email protected]
   Google Scholar
• Feeny, F. (1986). Robbers as decision makers. In D. Cornish & R. Clarke (Eds.), The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives in offending (pp. 53–71). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Gaffey, C. (2017). Meet Evans, Nigeria’s most wanted kidnapper, captured after gun battle. Retrieved August 12, 2017, from http://www.newsweek.com/nigeria-most-wanted-nigeria-evans-kidnapping-624313
   Google Scholar
• Gerth, H. H., & Mills, C. W. (1948). From Max Webber: Essays in sociology. London, England: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
   Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Oxford, England: Cambridge Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Global Kidnap Review. (2016). Retrieved August 10, 2017, from http://presswire.com/pr/nya/160203-NYA-January-Kidnap-Review.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ikoh, M. U. (2011). Crime victimisation, safety and policing in Nigeria. In E. E. O. Alemika & I. C. Chukwuma (Eds.), Criminal victimisation in Nigeria: Pattern and trend (pp. 41–100). Lagos, Nigeria: Malthouse Press.
   Google Scholar
• Inyang, J. D., & Ubong, E. A. (2013). The social problem of kidnapping and its implications on the socio-economic development of Nigeria: A study of Uyo metropolis. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(6), 531–544.
   Google Scholar
• Ishaya, I. (2010, July). The journey into the arms of the gangsters. Newswatch, (4), 14–21.
   Google Scholar
• Iwarimie-Jaja, D. (1999). Criminology. The study of crime (2nd ed.). Port Harcourt, Nigeria: SIJ.
   Google Scholar
• Iwarimie-Jaja, D. (2003). Criminology: The study of crime (2nd ed.). Owerri, Nigeria: Springfield.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez, V. (2012). Understanding adolescent property crime using a delinquent events perspective. In M. R. Pogrebin (Ed.), About criminals: A view of the offenders’ world (2nd ed., pp. 4–14). Available at http://www.bokus.com/bok/9781412999441/about-criminals/. Accessed August 12, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Lyman, S. M., & Scott, M. B. (1989). A sociology of the absurd (2nd ed.). Dix Hills, NY: Genera Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Majekodunmi, A. (2009). Nigeria worsening epidemic of kidnapping: Must many have to suffer? Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://www.saharareporters.com/article/nigeria-worsening-epidemic-kidnappings
   Google Scholar
• Mishler, E. G. (1986). Research interviewing: Context and narrative. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
   Google Scholar
• Mohamed, M. K. N. (2008). Kidnap for ransom in south East Asia: The case for a regional recording standard. Asian Criminology, 3, 61–73. doi:10.1007/s11417-007-9040-1
   Google Scholar
• Mouzoba, C. (2009). The wave of kidnapping across the country. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://wwwnigeriaworld.com/articles/2009/Sep/303.html
   Google Scholar
• Ngwama, J. C. (2014). Kidnapping in Nigeria: An emerging social crime and the implications for the labour market. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(1), 133–145.
   Google Scholar
• Ojukwu, C. C. (2011). Terrorism, foreign policy and human rights concerns in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(4), 371–384.
   Google Scholar
• Onwuta, L. (2012). Why kidnapping persists in South East. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://:www.theadvocatengr.com/index.php/crimewatch/item/32-whykidnappin-persists-in-south-east
   Google Scholar
• Orbuch, T. (1997). People’s accounts count: The sociology of accounts. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 455–478. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otu, S. E. (2004). Drug traffickers and drug trafficking: A sociological analysis of selected inmates in Pollsmoor and Goodwood prisons (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Cape Town, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Perlberg, S. (2013). The 20 countries where people get kidnapped the most. Retrieved November 6, 2017, from http://www.businessinsider.com/top-20-countries-by-kidnapping-2013-12?IR=T
   Google Scholar
• Pierce, J. I. (2003). Introduction to special issues. Qualitative Sociology, 26(2), 307–312. doi:10.1023/A:1024024508912
   Google Scholar
• Pogrebin, M. R. (2012). Introduction. In: M.R Pogrebin (Ed.), About criminals: A view of the offenders’ World (2nd ED.). Available at: http://www.bokus.com/bok/9781412999441/about-criminals. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Pogrebin, M. R., Poole, E. D., & Martinez, A. (2012). Accounts of professional misdeeds: The sexual exploitation of clients by psychotherapists. In M. R. Pogrebin (Ed.), About criminals: A view of the offenders’ world (2nd ed., pp. 94–104). Available at http://www.bokus.com/bok/9781412999441/about-criminals/. Accessed August 12, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Pogrebin, M. R., Stretesky, P. B., Unithan, N. P., & Venor, G. (2012). Retrospective accounts of violent events by gun offenders. In M. R. Pogrebin (Ed.), About criminals: A view of the offenders’ world (2nd ed., pp. 40–49). Available at http://www.bokus.com/bok/9781412999441/about-criminals/. Accessed August 12, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Punch, M. (1986). The politics and ethics of fieldwork. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, M. C., & Simons, R. I. (1987). Convicted murderers’ accounts of their crimes: A study of homicide in small communities. Symbolic Interaction, 10, 57–70. doi:10.1525/si.1987.10.1.57
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuter, P. (2009). Systemic violence in drug markets. Crime Law Social Change. Available at systemic_violence.pdf. Accessed on 10th August, 2017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche, B., Neaigus, A., & Miller, M. (2012). Street smarts and urban myths: Women, sex work, and the role of storytelling in risk reduction and rationalization. In M. R. Pogrebin (Ed.), About criminals: A view of the offenders’ world (2nd ed., pp. 80–93). Available at http://www.bokus.com/bok/9781412999441/about-criminals/. Accessed August 12, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman, M. L., & Gandossy, R. P. (1982). Sad tales: The accounts of white collar defendants and the decision to sanction. Pacific Sociological Review, 25, 449–473. doi:10.2307/1388924
   Google Scholar
• Schatzman, L., & Strauss, A. (1973). Field research: Strategies for a natural sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, M. B., & Lyman, S. M. (1968). Accounts. American Sociological Review, 33(1), 46–61. doi:10.2307/2092239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scully, D., & Marolla, J. (1984). Convicted rapists’ vocabulary of motive: Excuses and justifications. Social Problems, 31(5), 530–544. doi:10.2307/800239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer, J. W. (1983). Accounts, attitudes and solutions: Probation officer-defendant negotiations of subjective orientations. Social Problems, 30, 570–581. doi:10.2307/800273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sykes, G., & Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of neutralisation: A theory of delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22(6), 644–670. doi:10.2307/2089195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunnel, K. (1992). Choosing crime: The criminal calculus of property offenders. Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, M. (1998). Kidnapping and politics. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 26, 145–160. doi:10.1006/ijsl.1998.0061
   Google Scholar
• Tzanelli, R. (2006). Capitalising on value: Towards a sociological understanding of kidnapping. Sociology, 40, 929–947. doi:10.1177/0038038506067516
   Google Scholar
• Ugwulebo E. M. (2011). Kidnapping in Nigeria. Cel-Bez Publishing: Owerri.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. State Department. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.naij.com/1095962-25-dangerous-countries-world-2017.html NYA
   Google Scholar
• Ukoha, U., & I. Chukwuma (2012). Introduction. In U. Ukoga & I. Chukwuma (Eds.)Governance and insecurity in South East Nigeria (pp. 1-24). CLEEN Foundation: Lagos. www.cleen.org
   Google Scholar
• Van Vuuren, C., & Maree, A. (1999). Survey methods in market and media research. In M. T. Blanche & K. Durrheim (Eds.), Research in practice applied methods for the social sciences (pp. 269–286). Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, S. (2006). Sense and non-sense about crime and drugs: A policy guide (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar