2,126
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original investigation

Prevalence and burden of health problems in top-level football referees

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 131-138 | Accepted 15 Mar 2022, Published online: 18 Apr 2022

References

  • Al Attar WSA, Bizzini M, Alkabkabi F, Alshamrani N, Alarifi S, Alzahrani H, Sanders RH, Aljedaani E, Sanders RH. 2021. Effectiveness of the FIFA 11+ Referees Injury Prevention Program in reducing injury rates in male amateur soccer referees. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 31(9):1774–1781. doi:10.1111/sms.13983.
  • Bahr R. 2009. No injuries, but plenty of pain? On the methodology for recording overuse symptoms in sports. Br J Sports Med. 43(13):966–972. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.066936.
  • Bahr R, Clarsen B, Derman W, Dvorak J, Emery CA, Finch CF, Chamari K, Junge A, Kemp S, Khan KM. 2020. International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)). Br J Sports Med. 54(7):372–389. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-101969.
  • Bahr R, Clarsen B, Ekstrand J. 2018. Why we should focus on the burden of injuries and illnesses, not just their incidence. Br J Sports Med. 52(16):1018–1021. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098160.
  • Bizzini M , Castagna, C, Leguizamon, A.P., Dvorak, J. (2013). FIFA 11+ Referee Manual, FIFA Medical Assesment and Research Centre, In (Ed.).
  • Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, Dvorak J. 2009. Female soccer referees selected for the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2007: survey of injuries and musculoskeletal problems. Br J Sports Med. 43(12):936–942. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.051318.
  • Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, Dvorak J. 2009b. Injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in referees–a complete survey in the top divisions of the Swiss football league. Clin J Sport Med. 19(2):95–100. doi:10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181948ad4.
  • Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, Dvorak J. 2011. Injuries of football referees: a representative survey of Swiss referees officiating at all levels of play. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 21(1):42–47. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01003.x.
  • Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, Helsen W, Dvorak J. 2009. Injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in referees and assistant referees selected for the 2006 FIFA World Cup: retrospective and prospective survey. Br J Sports Med. 43(7):490–497. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.048314.
  • Bizzini M, Junge A, Dvorak J. 2013. Implementation of the FIFA 11+ football warm up program: how to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention. Br J Sports Med. 47(12):803. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-092124.
  • Bjorneboe J, Kristenson K, Walden M, Bengtsson H, Ekstrand J, Hagglund M, Andersen TE, Andersen TE. 2016. Role of illness in male professional football: not a major contributor to time loss. Br J Sports Med. 50(11):699–702. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095921.
  • Brunner R, Friesenbichler B, Casartelli NC, Bizzini M, Maffiuletti NA, Niedermann K. 2019. Effectiveness of multicomponent lower extremity injury prevention programmes in team-sport athletes: an umbrella review. Br J Sports Med. 53(5):282. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098944.
  • Clarsen B, Bahr R, Myklebust G, Andersson SH, Docking SI, Drew M, Verhagen E, Fortington LV, Harøy J, Khan KM. 2020. Improved reporting of overuse injuries and health problems in sport: an update of the Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center questionnaires. Br J Sports Med. 54(7):390–396. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-101337.
  • Clarsen B, Ronsen O, Myklebust G, Florenes TW, Bahr R. 2014. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems: a new approach to prospective monitoring of illness and injury in elite athletes. Br J Sports Med. 48(9):754–760. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-092087.
  • Drew MK, Finch CF. 2016. The Relationship Between Training Load and Injury, Illness and Soreness: a Systematic and Literature Review. Sports Med. 46(6):861–883. doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0459-8.
  • Ekstrand J, Spreco A, Bengtsson H, Bahr R. 2021. Injury rates decreased in men’s professional football: an 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12 000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play. Br J Sports Med. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-103159
  • Finch CF. 2006. A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention. J Sci Med Sport. 9(1):3–9. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.02.009.
  • Gabrilo G, Ostojic M, Idrizovic K, Novosel B, Sekulic D. 2013. A retrospective survey on injuries in Croatian football/soccer referees. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 14(1):88. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-14-88.
  • Gouttebarge V, Johnson U, Rochcongar P, Rosier P, Kerkhoffs G. 2017. Symptoms of common mental disorders among professional football referees: a one-season prospective study across Europe. Phys Sportsmed. 45(1):11–16. doi:10.1080/00913847.2017.1248796.
  • Harøy J, Clarsen B, Wiger E, Øyen M, Serner A, Thorborg K, … Bahr R. 2018. The Adductor Strengthening Programme prevents groin problems among male football players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098937
  • The International Football Association Board. 2020. Laws of the Game 2020/21. (The International Football Association Board).
  • Kordi R, Chitsaz A, Rostami M, Mostafavi R, Ghadimi M. 2013. Incidence, Nature, and Pattern of Injuries to Referees in a Premier Football (Soccer) League: a Prospective Study. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 5(5):438–441. doi:10.1177/1941738113481428.
  • Krustrup P, Helsen W, Randers MB, Christensen JF, MacDonald C, Rebelo AN, Bangsbo J. 2009. Activity profile and physical demands of football referees and assistant referees in international games. J Sports Sci. 27(11):1167–1176. doi:10.1080/02640410903220310.
  • Lauersen JB, Andersen TE, Andersen LB. 2018. Strength training as superior, dose-dependent and safe prevention of acute and overuse sports injuries: a systematic review, qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 52(24):1557–1563. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099078.
  • Lauersen JB, Bertelsen DM, Andersen LB. 2014. The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 48(11):871. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092538.
  • López-Valenciano A, Ruiz-Pérez I, Garcia-Gómez A, Vera-Garcia FJ, De Ste Croix M, Myer GD, Ayala F. 2020. Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 54(12):711–718. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099577.
  • Magnusson SP, Langberg H, Kjaer M. 2010. The pathogenesis of tendinopathy: balancing the response to loading. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 6(5):262–268. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2010.43.
  • Nilstad A, Bahr R, Andersen T. 2011. Text messaging as a new method for injury registration in sports - a methodological study in elite female football. Br J Sports Med. 45(4):330. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.56.
  • The Norwegian Institute of Public Health. (2021). Aktuelt fra MSIS under covid-19-epidemien February 2021 . Retrieved from 16 March 2021. https://www.fhi.no/contentassets/8357c2bccdab4f4489f43d9d5d57ab37/vedlegg/2021.03.16—msis-covid-19-responsrapport.pdf
  • Oliveira MC, Reis LN, Silva A. 2016. Injury incidence in Brazilian football referees. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte. 33:108–112.
  • Paes M, Fernandez Perez R, Silva A. 2011. INJURIES OCURRED WITH FOOTBALL (SOCCER) REFEREES DURING THE MATCH, TRAINING AND PHYSICAL TEST. INTERNATIONAL SPORTMED JOURNAL. 12:74–84.
  • Riiser A, Andersen V, Sæterbakken A, Ylvisåker E, Moe VF. 2019. Running Performance and Position is Not Related to Decision-Making Accuracy in Referees. Sports Medicine Int Open. 3(2):E66–E71 . doi:10.1055/a-0958-8608.
  • Riiser A, Pettersen SA, Andersen V, Saeterbakken AH, Froyd C, Ylvisåker E, Moe VF. 2017. Accelerations and high intensity running in field and assistant football referees during match play. Science and Medicine in Football. 1(3):280–287. doi:10.1080/24733938.2017.1341640.
  • Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Alonso JM, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Dijkstra HP, Engebretsen L, Gleeson M, Hägglund M, Hutchinson MR. 2016. How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. Br J Sports Med. 50(17):1043–1052. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096572.
  • Silva L, Godoy E, Neves E, Vale R, Hall J. 2019. Heart rate and the distance performed by the soccer referees during matches: a systematic review. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte. 36:36–42.
  • Soligard T, Schwellnus M, Alonso JM, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Dijkstra HP, Engebretsen L, Gleeson M, Hägglund M, Hutchinson MR. 2016. How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury. Br J Sports Med. 50(17):1030–1041. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096581.
  • UEFA. (2019). Refereeing . Retrieved from 3 May 2021. https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/protecting-the-game/refereeing/
  • van Mechelen W, Hlobil H, Kemper HC. 1992. Incidence, severity, aetiology and prevention of sports injuries. A review of concepts. Sports Med. 14(2):82–99. doi:10.2165/00007256-199214020-00002.
  • Vieira P, Alonso A, Ingham S, Oliveira A, Schmidt B, Faloppa F. 2019. INCIDENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES IN SOCCER REFEREES: a THREE-YEAR STUDY. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 25(3):258–262. doi:10.1590/1517-869220192503182833.
  • Warden S, Davis I, Fredericson M. 2014. Management and Prevention of Bone Stress Injuries in Long-Distance Runners. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 44(10):1–50. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5334.
  • Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri F, Bizzini M, Williams A, Gregson W. 2012. Science and Medicine Applied to Soccer Refereeing. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N Z), 42. 42(7):615–631. doi:10.2165/11632360-000000000-00000.
  • Wilson F, Byrne A, Gissane C. 2012. Prospective study of injury and activity profile in elite soccer referees and assistant referees. Ir Med J. 104:295–297.