Publication Cover
Canadian Journal of Pain
Revue canadienne de la douleur
Volume 2, 2018 - Issue 1
1,042
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Commentary

Evidence already exists for motor system reorganization in CRPS

Pages 27-29 | Received 28 Dec 2017, Accepted 28 Dec 2017, Published online: 30 Jan 2018

References

  • Mitchell SW , Morehouse GR , Keen WW. The classic. Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves by S. Weir Mitchell, MD, George R. Morehouse, MD, and William W. Keen, MD. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;2–7.
  • Mitchell SW . Injuries of nerves and their consequences. Philadelphia (PA): J.B. Lippincott & Co.; 1872.
  • Richards RL . The term “causalgia.” Med Hist. 1967;11:97–99. doi:10.1017/S0025727300011789.
  • Causalgia RRL . A centennial review. Arch Neurol. 1967;16:339–350. doi:10.1001/archneur.1967.00470220003001.
  • Mitchell SW . On a rare vaso-motor neurosis of the extremities, and on the maladies with which it may be confounded. Am J Med Sci. 1878;151:17–36. doi:10.1097/00000441-187815100-00001.
  • Schwartzman RJ , Alexander GM , Grothusen J . Pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome. Expert Rev Neurother. 2006;6:669–681. doi:10.1586/14737175.6.5.669.
  • Gibbs GF , Drummond PD , Finch PM , Phillips JK . Unravelling the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome: focus on sympathetically maintained pain. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;35:717–724. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04862.x.
  • Mrabet D , Khemiri C , Ben Mrad I , Mrabet H, Essaddem H, Amel M, Sahli H, Sellami S. [Pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1]. Tunis Med. 2012;90:278–281.
  • Allen G , Galer BS , Schwartz L . Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 134 patients. Pain. 1999;80:539–544. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00246-2.
  • Choi YS , Lee MG , Lee HM , Lee CJ , Jo JY , Jeon SY , Lee SC , Kim YC . Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 150 Korean patients. J Korean Med Sci. 2008;23:772–775. doi:10.3346/jkms.2008.23.5.772.
  • Pappagallo M , Rosenberg AD . Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Pract. 2001;1:11–20. doi:10.1046/j.1533-2500.2001.01003.x.
  • Munts AG , Mugge W , Meurs TS , Schouten AC , Marinus J , Moseley GL , Van Der Helm FC , Van Hilten JJ . Fixed dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome: a descriptive and computational modeling approach. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:53. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-11-53.
  • Bank PJ , Peper CE , Marinus J , Van Hilten JJ , Beek PJ . Intended and unintended (sensory-)motor coupling between the affected and unaffected upper limb in complex regional pain syndrome. Eur J Pain. 2015;19:1021–1034. doi:10.1002/ejp.668.
  • Bank PJ , Peper CL , Marinus J , Beek PJ , van Hilten JJ . Deficient muscle activation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome and abnormal hand postures: an electromyographic evaluation. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;124:2025–2035. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.03.029.
  • Marinus J , Moseley GL , Birklein F , Baron R, Maihofner C, Kingery WS, van Hilten JJ. Clinical features and pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:637–648. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70106-5.
  • van Rijn MA , Marinus J , Putter H , Van Hilten JJ . Onset and progression of dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain. 2007;130:287–293. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.03.027.
  • Schilder JC , Schouten AC , Perez RS , Huygen FJPM , Dahan A , Noldus LPJJ , Van Hilten JJ , Marinus J . Motor control in complex regional pain syndrome: a kinematic analysis. Pain. 2012;153:805–812. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.12.018.
  • van Hilten JJ . Movement disorders in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med. 2010;11:1274–1277. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00916.x.
  • Agrawal SK , Rittey CD , Harrower NA , Goddard JM , Mordekar SR . Movement disorders associated with complex regional pain syndrome in children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009;51:557–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03181.x.
  • Abu-Arafeh H , Abu-Arafeh I . Complex regional pain syndrome in children: a systematic review of clinical features and movement disorders. Pain Manag. 2017;7:133–140. doi:10.2217/pmt-2016-0036.
  • Nardone R , Brigo F , Holler Y , Sebastianelli L , Versace V , Saltuari L , Lochner P , Trinka E . Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in complex regional pain syndrome type I: a review. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017; 158–164. doi:10.1111/ane.12852.
  • Krause P , Foerderreuther S , Straube A . Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand. Neurology. 2004;62:1654–1655. doi:10.1212/WNL.62.9.1654.
  • Eisenberg E , Chistyakov AV , Yudashkin M , Kaplan B , Hafner H , Feinsod M . Evidence for cortical hyperexcitability of the affected limb representation area in CRPS: a psychophysical and transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Pain. 2005;113:99–105. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.030.
  • Harvey MP, Maher-Bussières S, Elysa Emery, Martel M, Houde F, Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Léonard G. Evidence for motor system re-organization in CRPS type-I: a case report. Can J Pain. 2018;2(1):21–26. doi:10.1080/24740527.2017.1422116.
  • Ziemann U , Lonnecker S , Steinhoff BJ , Paulus W . Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann Neurol. 1996;40:367–378. doi:10.1002/ana.410400306.
  • Ziemann U , Tergau F , Bruns D , Baudewig J , Paulus W . Changes in human motor cortex excitability induced by dopaminergic and anti-dopaminergic drugs. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1997;105:430–437. doi:10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00050-7.
  • Di Lazzaro V , Oliviero A , Meglio M , Cioni B , Tamburrini G , Tonali P , Rothwell JC . Direct demonstration of the effect of lorazepam on the excitability of the human motor cortex. Clin Neurophysiol. 2000;111:794–799. doi:10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00314-4.
  • Decety J . The neurophysiological basis of motor imagery. Behav Brain Res. 1996;77:45–52. doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00225-1.
  • Gieteling EW , Van Rijn MA , De Jong BM , Hoogduin JM , Renken R , Van Hilten JJ , Leenders KL . Cerebral activation during motor imagery in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 with dystonia. Pain. 2008;134:302–309. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.04.029.
  • Jeannerod M , Decety J . Mental motor imagery: a window into the representational stages of action. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1995;5:727–732. doi:10.1016/0959-4388(95)80099-9.
  • Davey NJ , Smith HC , Savic G , Maskill DW , Ellaway PH , Frankel HL . Comparison of input–output patterns in the corticospinal system of normal subjects and incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Exp Brain Res. 1999;127:382–390. doi:10.1007/s002210050806.
  • Burnett MG , Zager EL . Pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury: a brief review. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;16:E1. doi:10.3171/foc.2004.16.5.2.