Risk factors for severe opioid-induced respiratory depression in hospitalized adults: A case–control study

References

• de Boer HD, Detriche O, Forget P. Opioid-related side effects: postoperative ileus, urinary retention, nausea and vomiting, and shivering. A review of the literature. Best Pract Res-Clin. 2017;31(4):499–504. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2017.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benyamin R, Trescot AM, Datta S, Buenaventura R, Adlaka R, Sehgal N, Glaser SE, Vallejo R. Opioid complications and side effects. Pain Physician. 2008;11:S105–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imam MZ, Kuo A, Ghassabian S, Smith MT. Progress in understanding mechanisms of opioid-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects and respiratory depression. Neuropharmacology. 2018;131:238–55. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasero C, Quinn TE, Portenoy R, McCaffery M, Rizos A. Opioid analgesics. In: Pasero C, McCaffery M, editors. Pain assessment and pharmacologic management. St. Louis (MO): Mosby/Elsevier; 2011. p. 277–622.
   Google Scholar
• Macintyre PE, Loadsman JA, Scott DA. Opioids, ventilation and acute pain management. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2011;39(4):545–58. doi:10.1177/0310057X1103900405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahan A, Sarton E, Teppema L, Olievier C, Nieuwenhuijs D, Matthes HWD, Kieffer BL. Anesthetic potency and influence of morphine and sevoflurane on respiration in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(5):824–32. doi:10.1097/00000542-200105000-00021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahan A, Aarts L, Smith TW, Incidence R. Prevention of opioid-induced respiratory depression. Anesthesiology. 2010;112(1):226–38. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c38c25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee LA, Caplan RA, Stephens LS, Posner KL, Terman GW, Voepel-Lewis T, Domino KB. Postoperative opioid-induced respiratory depression a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology. 2015;122(3):659–65. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cepeda MS, Farrar JT, Baumgarten M, Boston R, Carr DB, Strom BL. Side effects of opioids during short-term administration: effect of age, gender, and race. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003;74(2):102–12. doi:10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00152-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies EC, Green CF, Mottram DR, Pirmohamed M. Adverse drug reactions in hospitals: a narrative review. Curr Drug Saf. 2007;2(1):79–87. doi:10.2174/157488607779315507.
   Google Scholar
• Jarzyna D, Jungquist CR, Pasero C, Willens JS, Nisbet A, Oakes L, Dempsey SJ, Santangelo D, Polomano RC. American society for pain management nursing guidelines on monitoring for opioid-induced sedation and respiratory depression. Pain Manag Nurs. 2011;12(3):118–145 e110. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2011.06.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta K, Prasad A, Nagappa M, Wong J, Abrahamyan L, Chung FF. Risk factors for opioid-induced respiratory depression and failure to rescue: a review. Curr Opin Anesthesio. 2018;31(1):110–19. doi:10.1097/ACO.0000000000000541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawasauskas J, Stevens B, Youssef R, Kelley M. Predictors of naloxone use for respiratory depression and oversedation in hospitalized adults. Am J Health-Syst Ph. 2014;71(9):746–50. doi:10.2146/ajhp130568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12(12):1495–99. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–91. doi:10.3758/BF03193146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen HN, Cohen P, Chen S. How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies. Commun Stat-Simul C. 2010;39(4):860–64. doi:10.1080/03610911003650383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham PC, Khaing K, Sievers TM, Pham PM, Miller JM, Pham SV, Pham PA, Pham PT. 2017 update on pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J. 2017;10(5):688–97. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfx080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean M. Opioids in renal failure and dialysis patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004;28(5):497–504. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2004.02.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tegeder I, Lotsch J, Geisslinger G. Pharmacokinetics of opioids in liver disease. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999;37(1):17–40. doi:10.2165/00003088-199937010-00002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasero C, McCaffery M. Monitoring sedation - it’s the key to preventing opioid-induced respiratory depression. Am J Nurs. 2002;102(2):67–69. doi:10.1097/00000446-200202000-00026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altamura AC, Moliterno D, Paletta S, Maffini M, Mauri MC, Bareggi S. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of anxiolytic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Met. 2013;9(4):423–40. doi:10.1517/17425255.2013.759209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudin JA, Mogali S, Jones JD, Comer SD. Risks, management, and monitoring of combination opioid, benzodiazepines, and/or alcohol use. Postgrad Med. 2013;125(4):115–30. doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.07.2684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung L, Lee KC, Hsu C, Furnish T, Atayee RS. Patterns of naloxone use in hospitalized patients. Postgrad Med. 2017;129(1):40–45. doi:10.1080/00325481.2017.1263139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon DB, Pellino TA. Incidence and characteristics of naloxone use in postoperative pain management: a critical examination of naloxone use as a potential quality measure. Pain Manag Nurs. 2005;6(1):30–36. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2004.12.003.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramachandran SK, Haider N, Saran KA, Mathis M, Kim J, Morris M, O’Reilly M. Life-threatening critical respiratory events: a retrospective study of postoperative patients found unresponsive during analgesic therapy. J Clin Anesth. 2011;23(3):207–13. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2010.09.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor S, Kirton OC, Staff I, Kozol RA. Postoperative day one: a high risk period for respiratory events. Am J Surg. 2005;190(5):752–56. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.07.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadpara PA, Joyce AR, Murrelle EL, Carroll NW, Carroll NV, Barnard M, Zedler BK. Risk factors for serious prescription opioid-induced respiratory depression or overdose: comparison of commercially insured and veterans health affairs populations. Pain Med. 2018;19(1):79–96. doi:10.1093/pm/pnx038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zedler B, Xie L, Wang L, Joyce A, Vick C, Kariburyo F, Rajan P, Baser O, Murrelle L. Risk factors for serious prescription opioid-related toxicity or overdose among Veterans Health Administration patients. Pain Med. 2014;15(11):1911–29. doi:10.1111/pme.12480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overdyk F, Dahan A, Roozekrans M, van der Schrier R, Aarts L, Niesters M. Opioid-induced respiratory depression in the acute care setting: a compendium of case reports. Pain Manag. 2014;4(4):317–25. doi:10.2217/pmt.14.19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jungquist CR, Card E, Charchaflieh J, Gali B, Yilmaz M. Preventing opioid-induced respiratory depression in the hospitalized patient with obstructive sleep apnea. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018;33(5):601–07. doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2016.09.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine PG, Mahajan G, McPherson ML. Long-acting opioids and short-acting opioids: appropriate use in chronic pain management. Pain Med. 2009;10:S79–S88. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00666.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rzasa Lynn R, Galinkin JL. Naloxone dosage for opioid reversal: current evidence and clinical implications. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2018;9(1):63–88. doi:10.1177/2042098617744161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manglik A, Lin H, Aryal DK, McCorvy JD, Dengler D, Corder G, Levit A, Kling RC, Bernat V, Hübner H, et al. Structure-based discovery of opioid analgesics with reduced side effects. Nature. 2016;537(7619):185–90. doi:10.1038/nature19112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jungquist CR, Quinlan-Colwell A, Vallerand A, Carlisle HL, Cooney M, Dempsey SJ, Dunwoody D, Maly A, meloche K, Meyers A, et al. American society for pain management nursing guidelines on monitoring for opioid-induced advancing sedation and respiratory depression: revisions. Pain Manag Nurs. 2019;21(1):7–25. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2019.06.007.
   Google Scholar