The name of the trout: considerations on the taxonomic status of the Salmo trutta L., 1758 complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) in Italy

References

• AIIAD. 2013. I salmonidi italiani: Linee guida per la conservazione della biodiversità. Technical report. In: Zanetti M, Nonnis Marzano F, Lorenzoni M, editors. Available: http://www.aiiad.it/sito/images/docs/sistematica/GRUPPO%20DI%20LAVORO%20SALMONIDI_RELAZIONE%20FINALE.pdf. Accessed Aug 2019 2.
   Google Scholar
• Apostolidis AP, Triantaphyllidis C, Kouvatsi A, Economidis PS. 1997. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation and phylogeography among Salmo trutta L. (Greek Brown Trout) populations. Molecular Ecology 6:531–542. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.d01-176.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernatchez L. 2001. The evolutionary history of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) inferred from phylogeographic, nested clade, and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial DNA variation. Evolution International Journal of Organic Evolution 55:351–379. DOI: 10.2307/2640757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernatchez L, Guyomard R, Bonhomme F. 1992. DNA sequence variation of the mitochondrial control region among geographically and morphologically remote European brown trout Salmo trutta populations. Molecular Ecology 1:161–173. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00172.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrebi P, Caputo Barucchi V, Splendiani A, Muracciole S, Sabatini A, Palmas F, Tougarde C, Arculeo M, Marić S. 2019. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) high genetic diversity around the Tyrrhenian Sea as revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Hydrobiologia 826:209–231. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-018-3734-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettoni E. 1895. Piscicoltura d’acqua dolce. Milano: Hoepli.
   Google Scholar
• Bianco PG. 1990. Potential role of the paleo-history of the Mediterranean and parathethis basin on the early dispersal of Europe-Mediterranean freshwater fishes. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 1:167–184.
   Google Scholar
• Bianco PG. 1991. Sui pesci d’acqua dolce del fiume Esino (Marche, Italia centrale). Atti Della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali Milano 132:9–60.
   Google Scholar
• Bianco PG. 1994. L’ittiofauna continentale dell’Appennino umbro-marchigiano, barriera semipermeabile allo scambio di componenti primarie tra gli opposti versanti dell’Italia centrale. Biogeographia 17:427–485.
   Google Scholar
• Bianco PG. 2006. Vanishing freshwater fish in Italy. Journal of Fish Biology 37:235–237. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05050.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianco PG. 2014. An update on the status of native and exotic freshwater fishes of Italy. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 30:62–77. DOI: 10.1111/jai.2014.30.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianco PG, Delmastro GB. 2011. Recenti novità tassonomiche riguardanti i pesci d’acqua dolce autoctoni in Italia e descrizione di una nuova specie di luccio. In: De Filippo G, editor. Researches on wildlife conservation, Vol. 2. USA: IGF publication. pp. 14.(suppl.).
   Google Scholar
• Boulenger GA. 1901. On the occurrence of Salmo macrostigma in Sardinia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8:14. DOI: 10.1080/03745480109443319.
   Google Scholar
• Caputo Barucchi V. 2017. LIFE12 NAT/IT/000940, LIFE + TROTA, Trout population recovery in central Italy. In: Scalera R, Cozzi A, Caccamo C, Rossi I, editors. A catalogue of LIFE projects contributing to the management of alien species in the European Union. Platform meeting on invasive Alien species (IAS), 29-30 November 2017. Milan (Italy): Regione Lombardia. pp. 64–65.
   Google Scholar
• Caputo V, Giovannotti M, Nisi Cerioni P, Splendiani A, Olmo E. 2009. Chromosomal study of native and hatchery trout from Italy (Salmo trutta complex, Salmonidae): Conventional and FISH analysis. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 124:51–62. DOI: 10.1159/000200088.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caputo V, Giovanotti M, Nisi Cerioni P, Caniglia ML, Splendiani A. 2004. Genetic diversity of brown trout (Salmo trutta L., 1758) in central Italy. Journal of Fish Biology 65:403–418. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00458.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casalis G. 1833. Dizionario geografico storico-statistico-commerciale degli Stati di S.M. il Re di Sardegna. Vol. I. Torino: Maspero.
   Google Scholar
• Casalis G. 1852. Dizionario geografico storico-statistico-commerciale degli Stati di S.M. il Re di Sardegna. Vol. XXII. Torino: Maspero.
   Google Scholar
• Cortey M, Vera M, Pla C, García-Marín J-L. 2009. Northern and Southern expansions of Atlantic brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations during the Pleistocene. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 97:904–917. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01220.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Council of the European Communities. 1993. Council decision 93/626/EEC of 25 October 1993 concerning the conclusion of the convention on biological diversity. Official Journal of the European Communities L309:1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Duchi A. 2018. Flank spot number and its significance for systematics, taxonomy and conservation of the near-threatened Mediterranean trout Salmo cettii: Evidence from a genetically pure population. Journal of Fish Biology 92:254–260. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabiani A, Gratton P, Zappes IA, Seminara M, D’Orsi A, Sbordoni V, Allegrucci G. 2017. Investigating the genetic structure of trout from the Garden of Ninfa (central Italy): Suggestions for conservation and management. Fisheries Management and Ecology 2017:1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Fenoglio S, Boano G, Delmastro GB. 2018. Conservation and prejudice: Why adopt double standards for fish and homoeothermic vertebrates? The European Zoological Journal 85:227–228. DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2018.1474956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa E. 1892. I pesci del Piemonte. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Vol. 129. Torino: Università di Torino. pp. 1–125.
   Google Scholar
• Forneris G, Pascale M, Perosino G, Zaccara P. 2011. Stato dell’ittiofauna in Piemonte. Rivista Piemontese di Storia Naturale 32:273–295.
   Google Scholar
• Fruciano C, Pappalardo AM, Tigano C, Ferrito V. 2014. Phylogeographical relationships of Sicilian brown trout and the effects of genetic introgression on morphospace occupation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 112:387–398. DOI: 10.1111/bij.2014.112.issue-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandolfi G, Torricelli P, Zerunian S, Marconato A. 1991. I pesci delle acque interne italiane. Rome: Unione Zoologica Italiana, Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. pp. 616.
   Google Scholar
• Gandolfi G, Zerunian S. 1987. I Pesci delle acque interne italiane: Aggiornamento e considerazioni critiche sulla sistematica e la distribuzione. Atti Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Milano 128:3–56.
   Google Scholar
• Giuffra E, Bernatchez L, Guyomard R. 1994. Mitochondrial control region and protein-coding genes sequence variation among phenotypic forms of brown Trout Salmo trutta from northern Italy. Molecular Ecology 3:161–171. DOI: 10.1111/mec.1994.3.issue-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuffra E, Guyomard R, Forneris G. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships and introgression patterns between incipient parapatric species of Italian brown trout (Salmo trutta L. complex). Molecular Ecology 5:207–220. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1996.tb00308.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratton P, Allegrucci G, Sbordoni V, Gandolfi A. 2014. The evolutionary jigsaw puzzle of the surviving trout (Salmo trutta L. complex) diversity in the Italian region. A multilocus Bayesian approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79:292–304. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gridelli E. 1935. I pesci d’acqua dolce della Venezia Giulia. Udine: Tip Domenico del Bianco. 142 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Isaac NJ, Mallet B, Mace GM. 2004. Taxonomic inflation: Its influence on macroecology and conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:464–469. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2004.06.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kottelat M. 1997. European freshwater fishes. Biologia Bratislava 52(Suppl. 5):1–271.
   Google Scholar
• Kottelat M, Freyhof J. 2007. Handbook of European freshwaters fishes. Cornol and Berlin: Publication Kottelat. pp. 646.
   Google Scholar
• Laykre L. 1999. Conservation genetic management of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Europe. Concerted action on identification, management and exploitation of genetic resources in the brown trout (Salmo trutta) (“TROUTCONCERT”; ED FAIR CT97-3882).
   Google Scholar
• Lerceteau‐Köhler E, Schliewen U, Kopun T, Weiss S. 2013. Genetic variation in brown trout Salmo trutta across the Danube, Rhine, and Elbe headwaters: A failure of the phylogeographic paradigm? BMC Evolutionary Biology 13:176. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobón-Cerviá J, Esteve M, Berrebi P, Duchi A, Lorenzoni M, Young KA. 2018. Trout and char of central and Southern Europe and Northern Africa. In: Kershner J, Williams J, Lobón-Cerviá J, Gresswell B, editors. Trout and char of the world. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society. pp. 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Mace GM. 2004. The role of taxonomy in species conservation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359:711–719. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meraner A, Gandolfi A. 2018. Genetics of the genus Salmo in Italy: Evolutionary history, population structure, molecular ecology and conservation. In: Lobón-Cerviá J, Sanz N, editors. Brown trout: Biology, ecology and management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. pp. 65–102.
   Google Scholar
• Nonnis Marzano F, Corradi N, Papa R, Tagliavini J, Gandolfi G. 2003. Molecular evidence for introgression and loss of genetic variability in Salmo (trutta) macrostigma as a result of assive restocking of Appenine populations (Northern and Central Italy). Environmental Biology of Fishes 68:349–356. DOI: 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000005762.81631.fa.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patarnello T, Bargelloni L, Caldara F, Colombo L. 1994. Cytochrome b and 16S rRNA sequence variation in the Salmo trutta (Salmonidae, Teleostei) species complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3:69–74. DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1994.1008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomini FP. 1937. Osservazioni sull’ittiofauna del Veneto e indagini riguardanti la pesca. Bollettino di Pesca, Pescicoltura e Idrobiologia 13:262–312.
   Google Scholar
• Pomini FP. 1940. Ricerche sul Salmo macrostigma. Bollettino di Pesca, Idrobiologia e Pescicoltura 16:3–36.
   Google Scholar
• Pomini FP. 1941. Ricerche sui Salmo dell’Italia peninsulare I. La trota del Sagittario, Salmo ghigii (n.sp.). Atti Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 80:33–48.
   Google Scholar
• Rafinesque Schmaltz C. 1810. Indice d’ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Giovanni Del Nobolo, Messina.
   Google Scholar
• Rondinini C, Battistoni A, Peronace V, Teofili (compilatori) C. 2013. Lista Rossa IUCN dei Vertebrati Italiani. Roma: Comitato Italiano IUCN e Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare.
   Google Scholar
• Sabatini A, Cannas R, Follesa MC, Palmas F, Manunza A, Matta GA, Pendugiu A, Serra P, Cau A. 2011. Genetic characterization and artificial reproduction attempt of endemic Sardinian trout Salmo trutta L., 1758 (Osteichthyes, Salmonidae): Experiences in captivity. Italian Journal of Zoology 78:20–26. DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2010.497171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabatini A, Podda C, Frau G, Cani MV, Musu A, Serra M, Palmas F. 2018. Restoration of native Mediterranean brown trout Salmo cettii Rafinesque, 1810 (Actinopterygii: Salmonidae) populations using an electric barrier as a mitigation tool. The European Zoological Journal 85:137–149. DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2018.1435664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz N. 2017. Phylogeographic history of brown trout: A review. In: Lobón Cerviá J, Sanz N, editors. Brown trout: Biology, ecology and management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. pp. 65–102.
   Google Scholar
• Schöffmann J, Susnik S, Snoj A. 2007. Phylogenetic origin of Salmo trutta L 1758 from Sicily, based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses. Hydrobiologia 575:51–55. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-006-0281-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siccardi S. 1996. Elena la Regina mai dimenticata. Torino: Paoline.
   Google Scholar
• Snoj A, Marić S, Berreb P, Crivelli A, Shumka S, Sušnik S. 2009. Genetic architecture of trout from Albania as revealed by mtDNA control region variation. Genetics Selection Evolution 41:22. DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-41-22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snoj A, Marić S, Sušnik Bajec S, Berrebi P, Janjani S, Schöffmann J. 2011. Phylogeographic structure and demographic patterns of brown trout in North-West Africa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61:203–211. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Società Ittiofila di Cagli. 1905. Relazione dei risultati ottenuti. Cagli: Tipografia Balloni.
   Google Scholar
• Sommani E. 1951. Osservazioni sulla sistematica ed ecologia delle trote nell’Italia meridionale. Bollettino della Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia 5:170–187.
   Google Scholar
• Sommani E. 1960. Il Salmo marmoratus Cuv.: Sua origine e distribuzione nell’Italia settentrionale. Bollettino della Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia 15:41–47.
   Google Scholar
• Splendiani A, Fioravanti T, Giovannotti M, Negri A, Ruggeri P, Olivieri L, Lorenzoni M, Nisi Cerioni P, Caputo Barucchi V. 2016a. The effects of paleoclimatic events on Mediterranean trout: Evidences from ancient DNA. PLoS ONE 11:e0157975. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157975.g005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Splendiani A, Fioravanti T, Giovannotti M, Olivieri L, Ruggeri P, Nisi Cerioni P, Vanni S, Enrichetti F, Caputo Barucchi V. 2017. Museum samples could help to reconstruct the original distribution of Salmo trutta complex in Italy. Journal of Fish Biology 90:2443–2451. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Splendiani A, Giovannotti M, Caniglia ML, Nisi Cerioni P, Battistella S, Caputo V. 2007. Presenza di aplotipi “marmoratus” in popolazioni di trota fario (Salmo trutta L., 1758) dell’Italia centrale: Transfaunazione o paleointrogressione? Atti Del Congresso Congiunto AIOL-SItE 2007:89–93.
   Google Scholar
• Splendiani A, Giovannotti M, Nisi Cerioni P, Caniglia ML, Caputo V. 2006. Phylogeographic inferences on the native brown trout mtDNA variation in central Italy. Italian Journal of Zoology 72:179–189. DOI: 10.1080/11250000600679751.
   Google Scholar
• Splendiani A, Giovannotti M, Righi T, Fioravanti T, Nisi Cerioni P, Lorenzoni M, Carosi A, La Porta G, Caputo Barucchi V. 2019. Introgression despite protection: The case of native brown trout in Natura 2000 network in Italy. Conservation Genetics 20:343–356. DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1135-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Splendiani A, Ruggeri P, Giovannotti M, Caputo Barucchi V. 2013. Role of environmental factors in the spread of domestic trout in Mediterranean streams. Freshwater Biology 58:2089–2101. DOI: 10.1111/fwb.12193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Splendiani A, Ruggeri P, Giovannotti M, Pesaresi S, Occhipinti G, Fioravanti T, Lorenzoni M, Nisi Cerioni P, Caputo Barucchi V. 2016b. Alien brown trout invasion of the Italian peninsula: The role of geological, climate and anthropogenic factors. Biological Invasions 18:2029–2044. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1149-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiberti R. 2018. Why adopt double standards for alien fish and homoeothermic vertebrates? A reply to Fenoglio, Delmastro, and Boano (2018). The European Zoological Journal 85:424–428. DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2018.1546911.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tortonese E. 1954. The trouts of Asiatic Turkey. Istanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiolji Enstitüsü Dergisi Seri B2:1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Tortonese E. 1970. Osteichthyes, parte I. Fauna d’Italia. Vol. X. Bologna: Calderini.
   Google Scholar
• Tougard C, Justy F, Guinand B, et al. 2018. Salmo macrostigma (Teleostei, Salmonidae): Nothing more than a brown trout (S. trutta) lineage? Journal of Fish Biology 93:302–310. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UZI. 2018. La posizione dell’Unione Zoologica Italiana sulle semine di materiale ittico (“ripopolamenti”) per la pesca sportiva (approved by the UZI General Assembly on 02/ 24/2018). Roma: Archives of the Unione Zoologica Italiana. Available: http://www.uzionlus.it/documenti/Documento-UZI-ripopolamenti-ittici-20180301_finale.pdf. Accessed Aug 2019 2.
   Google Scholar
• Zaccara S, Trasforini S, Antognazza CM, Puzzi C, Robert Britton J, Crosa G. 2015. Morphological and genetic characterization of Sardinian trout Salmo cettii Rafinesque, 1810 and their conservation implications. Hydrobiologia 760:205–223. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-015-2322-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerunian S. 2002. Condannati all’estinzione? Biodiversità, biologia, minacce e strategie di conservazione dei Pesci d’acqua dolce indigeni in Italia. Bologna: Edagricole.
   Google Scholar
• Zerunian S. 2004. Pesci delle acque interne d’Italia. Modena: Quaderni di Conservazione della Natura 20. Ministero Ambiente – Istituto Nazionale Fauna Selvatica.
   Google Scholar
• Zerunian S. 2013. Lista Rossa dei Vertebrati Italiani: Considerazioni critiche relative ai Pesci d’acqua dolce. Biologia Ambientale 27:78–85.
   Google Scholar
• Zerunian S, Gandolfi G. 1990. Salmo fibreni n. sp. (Osteichthyes, Salmonidae) endemica nel bacino del Fibreno (Italia centrale). Rivista di Idrobiologia 29:521–532.
   Google Scholar