Revisiting the reintroduced Eurasian lynx population in Kampinos National Park, Poland

References

• Akçakaya HR. 2005. RAMAS GIS: Linking spatial data with population viability analysis (version 5). Applied Biomathematics. Setauket, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Andrén H, John DC, Linnell OL, Andersen R, Danell A, Karlsson J, John Odden PF, Moa PA, Kvam T, Franzén R, Peter S. 2006. Survival rates and causes of mortality in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in multi-use landscapes. Biological Conservation 131(1):23–32. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.01.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrzejewski R. 2003. Drobne ssaki owadożerne i gryzonie. In: Andrzejewski R, editor. Przyroda Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego. Vol. I. Izabelin: Kampinoski Park Narodowy. pp. 655–663.
   Google Scholar
• Axnér E, Payan-Carreira R, Setterlind P, Åsbrink J, Söderberg A. 2013. Collection of field reproductive data from carcasses of the female Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Theriogenology 80(8):839–849. DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.06.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biedka A. 2014. Ochrona zwierząt. In: Kronika Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego 2013. Vol. XLVII. Izabelin.
   Google Scholar
• Boehme S, Schubert P, Ehrlacher J. 2000. Species conservation of Lynx lynx in the Kampinoski National Park Poland. Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• Böer M, Reklewski J, Śmiełowski J, Tyrała P. 1994. Reintroduction of the European lynx to the Kampinoski Nationalpark/Poland-a field experiment with zooborn individuals. Part I: Selection, adaptation and training. Der Zoologische Garten 64(6):366–378.
   Google Scholar
• Böer M, Reklewski J, Śmiełowski J, Tyrała P. 2000. Reintroduction of the European Lynx to the Kampinoski Nationalpark/Poland-a field experiment with zooborn individuals. Part III: Demographic development of the population from December 1993 until January 2000. Der Zoologische Garten 70(5):304–312.
   Google Scholar
• Böer M, Śmiełowski J, Tyrała P. 1995. Reintroduction of the European lynx (Lynx lynx) to the Kampinoski National Park, Poland–a field experiment with zooborn individuals part II: Release phase: Procedures and activities of Lynxes during the first year after. Der Zoologische Garten 65(5):333–342.
   Google Scholar
• Breitenmoser U, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, Capt S, Molinari-Jobin A, Molinari P, Zimmermann F. 2007. Conservation of the Lynx Lynx lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains. Wildlife Biology 13(4):340–355. DOI:10.2981/0909-6396(2007)13[340:COTLLL]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitenmoser U, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, Okarma H, Kaphegyi T, Kaphygyi U, Müller Wallmann UM. 2000. Action plan for the conservation of the Eurasian lynx in Europe (Lynx lynx). Nature and Environment No. 18-112. Council of Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Breitenmoser U, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, von Arx M, Zimmermann F, Ryser A, Angst C, Molinari-Jobin A, Molinari P, Linnell J, Siegenthaler A. 2006. Guidelines for the Monitoring of Lynx. Kora Bericht 33:2005–2009.
   Google Scholar
• Bull JK, Heurich M, Saveljev AP, Schmidt K, Fickel J, Förster DW. 2016. The effect of reintroductions on the genetic variability in Eurasian lynx populations: The cases of Bohemian–Bavarian and Vosges–Palatinian populations. Conservation Genetics 17(5):1229–1234. DOI:10.1007/s10592-016-0839-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Červený J, Krojerová-Prokešová J, Kušta T, Koubek P. 2019. The change in the attitudes of Czech hunters towards Eurasian lynx: Is poaching restricting Lynx population growth? Journal for Nature Conservation 47:28–37. DOI:10.1016/j.jnc.2018.11.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapron G, Kaczensky P, Linnell JDC, Von Arx M, Huber D, Andrén H, López-Bao JV, et al. 2014. Recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s modern human-dominated landscapes. Science 346(6216):1517–1519. DOI: 10.1126/science.1257553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cop J, Frkovic A. 1998. The re-introduction of the Lynx in Slovenia and its present status in Slovenia and Croatia. Hystrix 10(1):65–76.
   Google Scholar
• Cygan P, Kowalski M, Olech B, Sierakowski K, Wasilewski A. 2003. Awifauna lęgowa. In: Andrzejewski R, editor. Przyroda Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego. Vol. I. Izabelin: Kampinoski Park Narodowy. pp. 621–636.
   Google Scholar
• Danyłow J. 2010. Reintrodukcja rysia (Lynx lynx) w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. In: Wolfram K, editor. NA Tropach rysia on Lynx trails. Supraśl: UROCZYSKO. pp. 75–83.
   Google Scholar
• Ferreras P. 2001. Landscape structure and asymmetrical inter-patch connectivity in a metapopulation of the endangered Iberian lynx. Biological Conservation 100(1):125–136. DOI:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00213-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreras P, Delibes M, Palomares F, Fedriani JM, Calzada J, Revilla E. 2004. Proximate and ultimate causes of dispersal in the Iberian Lynx lynx Pardinus. Behavioral Ecology 15(1):31–40. DOI:10.1093/beheco/arg097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrote G, Fernández–López J, López G, Ruiz G, Simón MA. 2018. Prediction of Iberian lynx road–mortality in southern Spain: A new approach using the MaxEnt algorithm. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 41(2):217–225. DOI:10.32800/abc.2018.41.0217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrero A, Klütsch CFC, Holmala K, Maduna SN, Kopatz A, Eiken HG, Hagen SB. 2021. Genetic analysis indicates spatial-dependent patterns of sex-biased dispersal in Eurasian lynx in Finland. Plos One 16(2):e0246833. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0246833.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heurich M, Schultze-Naumburg J, Piacenza N, Magg N, Červený J, Engleder T, Herdtfelder M, Sladova M, Kramer-Schadt S. 2018. Illegal hunting as a major driver of the source-sink dynamics of a reintroduced Lynx population in Central Europe. Biological Conservation 224:355–365. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.05.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubowska-Gabara J, Markowski J. 2002. Bolimowski Park Krajobrazowy: Monografia przyrodnicza: Praca zbiorowa. Łódź: Regionalne Centrum Edukacji Ekologicznej.
   Google Scholar
• Jędrzejewski W, Jędrzejewska B, Okarma H, Schmidt K, Bunevich AN, Milkowski L. 1996. Population dynamics (1869–1994), demography, and home ranges of the Lynx in Białowieza Primeval Forest (Poland and Belarus). Ecography 19(2):122–138. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1996.tb00163.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jędrzejewski W, Nowak S, Schmidt K, Jędrzejewska B. 2002. Wilk i ryś w Polsce - wyniki inwentaryzacji w 2001 roku. Kosmos 51(4):491–499.
   Google Scholar
• Jędrzejewski W, Schmidt K, Miłkowski L, Jędrzejewska B, Okarma H. 1993. Foraging by lynx and its role in ungulate mortality: The local (Białowieża Forest) and the Palaearctic viewpoints. Acta Theriologica 38(4):385–403.
   Google Scholar
• Jule KR, Leaver LA, Lea SEG. 2008. The effects of captive experience on reintroduction survival in carnivores: A review and analysis. Biological Conservation 141(2):355–363. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.11.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaczensky P, Chapron G, von Arx M, Huber D, Andrén H, Linnell J. 2012. Status, management and distribution of large carnivores – Bear, Lynx, Wolf & Wolverine – In Europe. Part 1- Europe summaries. Report: 1-72. A Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe Report prepared forthe European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Kloss M. 2003. Zbiorowiska leśne i zaroślowe. In: Andrzejewski R, editor. Przyroda Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego. Vol. I. Izabelin: Kampinoski Park Narodowy. pp. 285–313.
   Google Scholar
• Kowalczyk R, Górny M, Schmidt K. 2015. Edge effect and influence of economic growth on Eurasian lynx mortality in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Mammal Research 60(1):3–8. DOI:10.1007/s13364-014-0203-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalski M, Misiak J, Reklewski J. 2003. Gatunki ssaków introdukowane do Puszczy Kampinoskiej. In: Andrzejewski R, editor. Przyroda Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego. Vol. I. Izabelin: Kampinoski Park Narodowy. pp. 675–684.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer-Schadt S, Kaiser TS, Frank K, Wiegand T. 2011. Analyzing the effect of stepping stones on target patch colonisation in structured landscapes for Eurasian Lynx. Landscape Ecology 26(4):501–513. DOI:10.1007/s10980-011-9576-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer-Schadt S, Revilla E, Wiegand T. 2005. Lynx reintroductions in fragmented landscapes of Germany: Projects with a future or misunderstood wildlife conservation? Biological Conservation 125(2):169–182. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.02.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer‐Schadt S, Revilla E, Wiegand T, Breitenmoser U. 2004. Fragmented landscapes, road mortality and patch connectivity: Modelling influences on the dispersal of Eurasian lynx. Journal of Applied Ecology 41(4):711–723. DOI:10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00933.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krzywiński A, Kobus A, Jakimiuk S. 2012. Reintrodukcja Rysia Do Puszczy Piskiej Metodą ‘born to be free’. Ochrona Gatunkowa Rysia, Wilka i Niedzwiedzia w Polsce. Raport z Projektu Nr PL 349:129–145.
   Google Scholar
• Kubala J, Smolko P, Zimmermann F, Rigg R, Tám B, Iľko T, Foresti D, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, Kropil R, Breitenmoser U. 2019. Robust monitoring of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in the Slovak Carpathians reveals lower numbers than officially reported. Oryx 53(3):548–556. DOI:10.1017/S003060531700076X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesiński G, Romanowski J, Gryz J, Olszewski A, Kowalski M, Krauze-Gryz D, Olech B, Pepłowska-Marczak D, Tarłowski A. 2013. Small mammals of Kampinos National Park and its protection zone, as revealed by analyses of the diet of tawny owls Strix aluco Linnaeus, 1758. Fragmenta Faunistica 56(1):65–81. DOI:10.3161/00159301FF2013.56.1.065.
   Google Scholar
• Linnell JDC, Breitenmoser U, Breitenmoser‐Würsten C, Odden J, von Arx M. 2009. Recovery of Eurasian lynx in Europe: What part has reintroduction played? In: Conservation science and practice series. Reintroduction of top-order predators. Hayward MW, Somers MJ, editors. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 72–91
   Google Scholar
• Mueller SA, Reiners TE, Middelhoff TL, Anders O, Kasperkiewicz A, Nowak C. 2020. The rise of a large carnivore population in Central Europe: Genetic evaluation of Lynx reintroduction in the Harz Mountains. Conservation Genetics 21(3):577–587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mysłajek RW, KwiatkowskaI, Diserens TA, Haidt A, Nowak S. 2019. Occurrence of Eurasian lynx in Western Poland after two decades of strict protection. CATnews 69:12–13.
   Google Scholar
• Niedziałkowska M, Jędrzejewski W, Mysłajek RW, Nowak S, Jędrzejewska B, Schmidt K. 2006. Environmental correlates of Eurasian lynx occurrence in Poland–Large scale census and GIS mapping. Biological Conservation 133(1):63–69. DOI:10.1016/J.BIOCON.2006.05.022.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsen EB, Linnell JDC, Odden J, Samelius G, Henrik A. 2012. Patterns of variation in reproductive parameters in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Acta Theriologica 57(3):217–223. DOI:10.1007/s13364-011-0066-5.
   Google Scholar
• Nowak S, Kasprzak A, Mysłajek RW, Tomczak P. 2013. Stwierdzenia rysia Lynx lynx w Puszczy Noteckiej. Przeglad Przyrodniczy 24:4.
   Google Scholar
• Nowicki A, Kowalski M. 2003. Ssaki kopytne. In: Andrzejewski R, editor. Przyroda Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego. Vol. I. Izabelin: Kampinoski Park Narodowy. pp. 665–673.
   Google Scholar
• Okarma H, Jędrzejewski W, Schmidt K, Kowalczyk R, Jędrzejewska B. 1997. Predation of Eurasian lynx on roe deer and red deer in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Acta theriologica 42:203–234. DOI:10.4098/AT.arch.97-22.
   Google Scholar
• Olszewski A. 2016. Zastosowanie fotopułapek jako nieinwazyjnej metody badania zwierząt w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym - pierwsze wyniki. Studia i Materialy Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Lesnej 18 no. 4[49A]:42-49.
   Google Scholar
• Ovenden TS, Palmer SCF, Travis JMJ, Healey JR. 2019. Improving reintroduction success in large carnivores through individual-based modelling: How to reintroduce Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) to Scotland. Biological Conservation 234:140–153. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.03.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reklewski J. 2006. Ryś w Puszczy Kampinoskiej. Izabelin: Kampinoski Park Narodowy.
   Google Scholar
• Romanowski J. 2007. Vistula River Valley as the ecological corridor for mammals. Polish Journal of Ecology 55:4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanowski J. 2014. Strategia ochrony reintrodukowanej populacji rysia (Lynx lynx) w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• Rysie.org. 2020. Powrót rysia do północno-zachodniej Polski. Podróżnik Pako. Rysie.org. Available: http://www.rysie.org/news/article/podroznik-pako Accessed May 2020 22
   Google Scholar
• Schadt S, Knauer F, Kaczensky P, Revilla E, Wiegand T, Trepl L. 2002. Rule‐based assessment of suitable habitat and patch connectivity for the Eurasian lynx. Ecological Applications 12(5):1469–1483. DOI:10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1469:RBAOSH]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt K. 2011. Program ochrony rysia Lynx lynx w Polsce – Projekt. SGGW, Warszawa 1–56.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt K. 1998. Maternal behaviour and juvenile dispersal in the Eurasian lynx. Acta Theriologica 43(4):391–408. DOI:10.4098/AT.arch.98-50.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt K. 2008. Factors shaping the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) population in the North- Eastern Poland. Nature Conservation 65:3–15.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt K, Ratkiewicz M, Konopiński MK. 2011. The importance of genetic variability and population differentiation in the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx for conservation, in the context of habitat and climate change. Mammal Review 41(2):112–124. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2010.00180.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Posthaus H, Breitenmoser-Wörsten C, Posthaus H, Bacciarini L, Breitenmoser U. 2002. Causes of mortality in reintroduced Eurasian lynx in Switzerland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(1):84–92. DOI:10.7589/0090-3558-38.1.84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simón MA, Gil-Sánchez JM, Ruiz G, Garrote G, McCain EB, Fernández L, López-Parra M, Rojas E, Arenas-Rojas R, Del Rey T, García-Tardío M, López G. 2012. Reverse of the decline of the endangered Iberian lynx. Conservation Biology 26(4):731–736. DOI:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01871.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sindičić M, Polanc P, Gomerčić T, Jelenčič M, Huber Đ, Trontelj P, Skrbinšek T. 2013. Genetic data confirm critical status of the reintroduced dinaric population of Eurasian lynx. Conservation Genetics 14(5):1009–1018. DOI:10.1007/s10592-013-0491-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thulin C-G, Röcklinsberg H. 2020. Ethical considerations for wildlife reintroductions and rewilding. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7:163. DOI:10.3389/fvets.2020.00163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandel J-M, Stahl P, Herrenschmidt V, Marboutin E. 2006. Reintroduction of the Lynx into the Vosges Mountain Massif: From animal survival and movements to population development. Biological Conservation 131(3):370–385. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Arx M. 2018. IUCN red list of threatened species: Eurasian lynx. Available: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/en Accessed May 2020 6
   Google Scholar
• von Arx M, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, Zimmermann F, Breitenmoser U. 2004. Status and Conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe in 2001. KORA Bericht No. 19: 1-330.
   Google Scholar
• Wacnik A, Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M, Madeyska E. 2011. Late glacial and holocene history of vegetation in Gostynin Area, Central Poland. Acta Palaeobot 51(2):249–278.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson SM 2018. Lessons learned from past reintroduction and translocation efforts with an emphasis on carnivores. Life Lynx. Available: https://Www.Lifelynx.Eu/Wpcontent/Uploads/2018/10/Lessons-Carnivore-Reintroduction-Efforts-Final-Version-4.0-2018.Pdf  Accessed May 2020 7
   Google Scholar
• Wölfl M, Bufka L, Červenỳ J, Koubek P, Heurich M, Habel H, Huber T, Poost W. 2001. Distribution and status of Lynx in the border region between Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. Acta Theriologica 46(2):181–194. DOI:10.4098/AT.arch.01-20.
   Google Scholar
• Wölfl S, Schwaiger M. 2017. Luchs-Monitoring mittels Fotofallen. Fotofalleneinsatz in Ostbayern im Monitoringjahr 2016/2017. Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt. Augsburg.
   Google Scholar