136
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

An Evaluation of Light Positioning on Suspect Accuracy in Low Light Environments

, &
Pages 109-119 | Received 06 May 2021, Accepted 17 Aug 2021, Published online: 21 Oct 2021

References

  • Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training. (2013). Terrorism response tactics: First responders operating in low-light conditions. San Marcos, TX: ALERRT.
  • Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2014). Evaluating police tactics: An empirical assessment of room entry techniques. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Blair, J. P., Pollock, J., Montague, D., Nichols, T., Curnutt, J., & Burns, D. (2011). Reasonableness and reaction time. Police Quarterly, 14(4), 323–343. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611111423737
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020). Injuries, illnesses, and fatalities: Police officers, 2018. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Labor.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum.
  • Copay, A. G., & Charles, M. T. (2001). Handgun shooting accuracy in low light conditions: The impact of night sights. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 24(4), 595–604. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006499
  • Donahue, M. E., & Horvath, F. S. (1991). Police shooting outcomes: Suspect criminal history and incident behaviors. American Journal of Police, 10(3), 17–34.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2020a). Law enforcement officers assaulted and injured with firearms, knives, or other cutting instruments: Lighting and weather conditions by location of incident, 2015-2019. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2020b). Law enforcement officers feloniously killed: Lighting and weather conditions by location of incident, 2015-2019. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2020c). Crimes against persons incidents, offense category by time of day, 2019. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2020d). Crimes against property incidents, offense category by time of day, 2019. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Geller, W., & Scott, M. S. (1992). Deadly force: What we know. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
  • Good, K. J. (2006). The strategies of low light engagements. Grandview, MO: Strategos International.
  • International Association of Chiefs of Police. (2013). Ambush fact sheet.
  • Jones, T. L. (2002). The police officer’s guide to operating and surviving in low-light and no-light conditions: How to prevail in stressful situations through proper decision making and instruction on the use and availability of illumination tools. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Ltd.
  • Perrow, C. (2011). Normal accidents: Living with high risk technologies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Santos, E. M. (2017). Lights on or off. Police Magazine. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from https://www.policemag.com/342260/lights-on-or-lights-off.
  • Shjarback, J. A., White, M. D., & Bishopp, S. A. (2021). Can police shootings be reduced by requiring officers to document when they point firearms at citizens? Injury Prevention. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043932
  • Taylor, P. L. (2021). “Engineering resilience” into split-second shoot/no shoot decisions: The effect of muzzle-position. Police Quarterly, 24(2), 185–204. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120960688
  • White, M. D. (2006). Hitting the target (or not): Comparing characteristics of fatal, injurious and non-injurious police shootings. Police Quarterly, 9(3), 303–330. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611105277199
  • White, M. D. (2020). Ambush killings of the police, 1970–2018: A longitudinal examination of the “war on cops” debate. Police Quarterly, 23(4), 451–471. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120919441
  • White, M. D., Dario, L. M., & Shjarback, J. A. (2019). Assessing dangerousness in policing: An analysis of officer deaths in the United States, 1970–2016. Criminology & Public Policy, 18(1), 11–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12408

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.