- Emily Honig and Gail Hershatter, Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980s, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988).
- Emiko Ochiai “Chugoku Josei Ha Ie Ni Kaeru Ka: Gendaika Rosen To ‘Fujokaika’ Ronso No Yukue” [Will Chinese Women Go Home?: Modernization and “Women Go Home”], Kindai Kazoku To Feminizumu [Modern Family and Feminism] (Tokyo: Keiso Shobo, 1989).
- Yoko Akiyama ed., trans. Chugoku Josei: Onna, Shigoto, Sei [Chinese Women: Women, Work and Sexuality], (Tokyo: Toho Shoten, 1991).
- In this paper I will refer to the All-China Women's Federation as the ACWF. When referring to the women's federation of each local area I will append the place-name, e.g. Beijing Women's Federation. When there is no place-name appended I use the term to refer to the women's federation in the sense of the comprehensive network from the national to the local level.
- Li Xiaojiang, Akiyama Yoko trans., “Watashi Ha Naze 95 Nen Sekai Joshei Taikai NGO Foramu He No Sanka Wo Kyozetsu Shita Ka” [The Reasons Why I Refused to Attend World NGO Conference on Women in 1995], Chugoku Kenkyu Geppo [China Research Monthly] 49(10), (1995): 34–37.
- See, for example, Arlie Hochschild and Ann Machung, The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home, (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989).
- Mariko Adachi, “Saiseisan Ryoiki No Gurobaruka To Setai Hoji (Householding)” [Globalization of Reproductive Sphere and Householding], Ito Ruri, Adachi Mariko eds., Kokusai Ido to ‘Rensa Suru Jenda’: Saiseisan Ryoiki No Gurobaruka [Transnational Migration and “Gender in Chains”: Globalization of Reproductive Sphere], (Tokyo: Sakuhinsha, 2008): 224–262.
- The Chinese word ertong (child) refers to children younger than shaonian (youth). According to the Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (Dictionary of Modern Chinese), “shaonian/youth” refers to children aged from ten to fifteen or sixteen. Moreover, since you'er (infant) is defined as “young ertong” (a young child), we can conclude that “ertong/child” refers to children who are aged from infancy to the early grades of elementary school. In line with this definition, in this paper I will refer to the project related to the care, nurturing and education of young children as “the children's project.”
- Luo Qiong and Duan Yongqiang, Luo Qiong Fangtanlu [Interview with Luo Qiong], Beijing: Zhongguo Funü Chubanshe, 2000: 184–188.
- Ibid., 185.
- Zhong Fa (1981) 19 Hao Wenjian “Guanyu Liang Ge Huiyi Qingkuang Ji 1981 Nian Fulian Gongzuo Yaodian De Baogao” [China 1981 Document No. 19 “Report on Two Conferences and the Focus of Women's Policy in 1981”], March 19, 1981.
- Liu Xiangying “Chuugoku Ni Okeru Nyuji Kyoiku No Genjo To Kadai: '0 Saiji Shudan Hoiku Ni Kansuru Ishiki Chousa No Kentou Wo Chuushin Ni” [Conditions and Agendas of Early Childhood Education in China: Survey of the Attitudes toward Collective Education of the Infants under the Age of One], Fukuyama Shiritsu Joshi Tanki Daigaku Kyouku Koukai Sentaa Nenpou [Fukuyama Female College International Education Center Bulletins] 7 (2000): 149–158.
- Zhonggong Zhongyang Guowuyuan Zhuanfa “Quanguo Tuoyou Gongzuo Huiyi Jiyao” [The Bulletin of the National Conference for the Childcare Project]. The quotation is from: ACWF ed. Hunyin Jiating Ertong Gongzuo [Conjugal Family Children Project], (Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe, 1982).
- See, Sayoko Nishiyama “Shakaishugi Shijo Keizai Seisakuka Chugoku no Yojien Gyosei ni kansuru Kenkyu (Sono 1)” [Study on Preschool Education Policy in China under Socialist Market Economy], Kikan Hokkai Gakuen Daigaku Keizai Ronshuu [Quarterly Bulletin of Economics, Hokkai Gakuen University] 53 (1), (2005): 43–73.
- Luo and Duan, op. cit., 189.
- Luo and Duan, op. cit., 189
- ACWF. Zhongguo Ertong Gongzuo Jiekuang [Services for Children in China: A Brief Introduction] (year of publication and publisher unknown).
- Nishiyama, op. cit.
- Fei Xiaotong “Yi Xiang Xin De Shiye” [A New Enterprise], Zhongguo Funü [China Women] (May, 1984): 4–5.
- Fumie Ohashi, Gendai Chuugoku no Ijuu Kaji Roudousha: Nouson-Toshi Kankei to Saiseisan Roudou no Jendaa Porittikusu [Migrant Domestic Workers in Contemporary China: The Politics of Reproductive Labor in Rural-Urban Relations], (Tokyo: Ochanomizu Shobo, 2011)
- It is assumed that the size of “home-based nurseries” and “nursing households” differed, however, due to a lack of materials in this paper I am not able to suggest a concrete definition for each of them.
- Beijing Difang Zhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui [Beijing Local Chronicle Editorial Committee] Beijing Zhi: Renmin Tuanti Juan; Fun7uuml; Zuzhi Zhi [Beijing Local Chronicle: Associations: Chronicle of Women's Organization] (Beijing: Beijing Chubanshe, 2007): 399.
- Ibid, 399.
- “Guanyu Dali Fazhan Jiating Tuo'ersuo De Qingshi” [Proposal to further develop home-based nurseries], April 22, 1983.
- Jing Fa (1983) 18 Hao Wenjian [Beijing 1983 Document No.18]. This explanation is based on Beijing Funü Lianhehui [Beijing Women's Federation], Beijing Shi Funü Gongzuo Wushi Nian [Beijing City Women's Project Fifty Years] (Two Volumes), (Beijing: Beijing Shifan Daxue Chubanshe, 1999): 364.
- Beijing Difang Zhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui, op.cit., 398.
- Beijing Difang Zhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui, op.cit., 398.
- Beijing Difang Zhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui, op.cit., 399–400.
- author Jing Cai (1992) 1811 Hao [Beijing Financial Bureau 1992 Document No. 1811].
- Beijing Funü Lianhehui, op. cit., 367–368.
- Zhang Yan and Wu Ying “Beijing Shi Jiedao Youeryuan Fazhan Licheng De Huigu Yu Fansi” [Reflect on the Development of Community Kindergartens in Beijing], Xueqian Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Preschool Education Studies], (June, 2006): 38–41.
- Nobuko Nagase and Rieko Nagamachi, “Kazoku to Hoiku” [Family and Childcare], Kazoku, Shigoto, Kakei ni Kansuru Kokusai Hikaku Kenkyu, Chugoku Paneru Chosa, Daiichi Nendo Hokokusho [An International Comparative Study of Family, Work and Household Budget, China Panel Survey, First Year Report], (F-GENS Publications Series 11, 2005): 121.
- Nobuko Nagase and Yumiko Murao “Shugyo Rireki” [Career History], Kazoku, Shigoto, Kakei ni kansuru Kokusai Hikaku Kenkyu, Chugoku Paneru Chosa, Daiichi Nendo Hokokusho [An International Comparative Study of Family, Work and Household Budget, China Panel Survey, First Year Report], (F-GENS Publications Series 11, 2005): 59–76.
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