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Original Articles

China and its Neighbors: Trade Leverage, Interdependence and Conflict

  • China has unleashed a new wave of aggressive posture in the region started with the rare earth embargo to Japan in 2010 after a territorial incident in East China Sea and then the incidence such as de facto seizure of the Scarborough Shoal from the Philippines in 2012, declaration of an Air Defense Identification in 2013 over an area of the East China Sea, siege of the Second Thomas Shoal in the Spratlys in early 2014, construction of an airstrip on the Johnson South Reef, and the most recent naval skirmishes with Vietnam over Chinese deployment of Haiyang Shiyou 981 floating oil rig off the central coast of Vietnam, within Vietnam's lawful Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), just 120 nm from its maritime baseline.
  • Goodman M P, “Economics as a Strategy”, Global Economics Monthly, volume 3, issue 1 (January 2014), 1
  • Robert J., “Cooperation under the Security Dilemma”, World Politics, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1978), vol. 30, no. 2, 167–214
  • Ibid. 188
  • Feigenbaum A.E, “Ten Trends That Will Shape Asia in 2014”, Article, Carnegie Endowment, (December 30, 2013).
  • Chen IT, “Balance of payments and power: assessing China's global and regional interdependence relationship” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, (Oxford University Press, 2014) doi:10.1093/irap/lcu00
  • Lampton, D.M., The Three faces of Chinese Power: Might, Money, and Minds, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008).
  • Mastro Oriana. S., “The Problems with the Liberal Peace in Asia,” Survival, Volume: 56, issue 6, (April/May 2014), 129–158.
  • Montesquieu Baron de., “Of Commerce in Different Governments, of Laws in Relation to Commerce, Considered in its Nature and Distinctions”, The Spirit of Laws, book 20, Chapter four, (1748)
  • Kant E., Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch, (London: George Allen and Unwin LTD, 1795).
  • Trentmann F., Free Trade Nation: Commerce, Consumption and Civil Society in Modern Britain, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008)
  • Mastro Oriana. S., “The Problems with the Liberal Peace in Asia,” Survival, Volume: 56, issue 6, (April/May 2014), 129–158.
  • Gartzke, E. and Quan Li, “Measure for Measure: Concept Operationalization and the Trade Interdependence-Conflict Debate” Journal of Peace Research, 40 (5, 2003), 553–571. Mansfield, E. Pollins, B., “Interdependence and International Conflict: A Conceptual and Empirical Overview”, in Edward Mansfield & Brian Pollins, eds, New Perspectives on Economic Exchange and Armed Conflict. (Ann Arbor: MI: University of Michigan Press, 2003): 1–28; McMillan, Susan M. “Interdependence and Conflict”, Mershon International Studies Review, Volume 41–1 (1997), 33–58
  • Gartzke, E. and Quan Li, “Measure for Measure: Concept Operationalization and the Trade Interdependence-Conflict Debate” Journal of Peace Research, 40 (5, 2003), 553–571.
  • Rare Element Resources Ltd., “Chinese rare earth expert calls for immediate stockpiling”, (November 3, 2009) http://www.stockhouse.com/companies/bullboard/tres/rare-element-resources-ltd?postid=16449736 (searched date: August 18, 2013)
  • Bradsher, Keith, “World can't restrain China on rare earth”, Deccan Herald, (March 19, 2012).
  • Bradsher, Keith, “China Is Blocking Minerals, Executives Say”, New York Times (September 23, 2010)
  • Mancheri N, “Does the WTO ruling against China on rare earths really matter?, East Asia Forum (October 30, 2014), http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2014/10/30/does-the-wto-ruling-against-china-on-rare-earths-really-matter/
  • Katz R., “Mutual Assured Production”, Foreign Affairs, 92–4 (July/August 2013), 18–24.
  • Ibid., 22
  • Mastro Oriana. S., “The Problems with the Liberal Peace in Asia,” Survival, Volume: 56, issue 6, (April/May 2014), 129–158.
  • Kojima K, “The Pattern of International Trade among Many Countries,” Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 5–1 (1964), 16–36. Drysdale, P. and Garnaut, R, “Trade Intensities and the Analysis of Bilateral trade Flows in a Many Country World: A Survey,” Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 22 (2, 1982), 62–84; Frankel J. A. and Andrew K. Rose, “The Endogeneity of the Optimum Currency Area Criteria,” The Economic Journal, 108 (July 1998), 1009–1025.
  • Shahriman, L., “Why Malaysia isn't afraid of China (for now)”, The Strategist—The Australian Strategic Policy Institute Blog, (April 24, 2013)
  • Miller J. B., “Japan Doubles Down on ASEAN”, The Diplomat, (December 23, 2013), at http://thediplomat.com/2013/12/japan-doubles-down-on-asean/ (searched date: January 23, 2014)
  • Cambodia and Laos are large recipients of China's aid.
  • Mastro Oriana. S., “The Problems with the Liberal Peace in Asia,” Survival, Volume: 56, issue 6, (April/May 2014), 129–158.

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