- A comprehensive discussion on the subject can be found in: Huasheng Zhao, Zhongguode Zhongya waijiao [China's diplomacy in Central Asia] (Beijing: Shishi Publishing, 2008).
- Some interviews were enabled by the organizations which hosted conferences attended by Chinese and Russian scholars, as well officials. Carnegie Moscow Center's seminar on China as a global nonnative power (Moscow, September 2015), China Institute for Contemporary International Relationships' conferences on OBOR (Manzhouli, June 2015) and Security in Asia (Beijing, November 2015), Koerber Foundation Bergerdorf Dialogue (Berlin, June 2015), Astana Club (Astana, November 2015), “Shangri La Dialogue” (Singapore, May 2015 and June 2016) deserve special mentions. Other research-related travel was supported by the authors' employer, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- The author is very grateful to the informants in all three countries for their willingness to speak. For reasons of professional ethics and authorization for conversations with researches, all interviewees requested anonymity.
- The author is grateful to Vita Spivak and Natalia Dobrynina, his research assistants at Carnegie Moscow Center, for helping to navigate the open sources.
- Xi Jinping zai Nazaerbayefu daxuede yanjiang [Xi Jinping's speech at Nazarbayev-University], Xinhua (September 8, 2013), at <http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-09/08/c_117273079.htm> (searched date: 1 June 2016)
- Good summary of these debates can be found in: Famcois Godemont, Agatha Kratz, ‘”One Belt, One Road’: China's Great Leap Outward,” European Council for Foreign Relations (June 10, 2015) <http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/China_analysis_belt_road.pdf> (searched date: 1 June 2016); Christopher K. Johnson, “President Xi Jinping's ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative,” Center for International Strategic Studies (March 28, 2016), at <https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publicatioii/160328_Jolmson_PresidentXiJinping_Web.pdf> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- Ten semi-structured interviews on this topic with senior officials, including cabinet members, were conducted in October 2013 till December 2014.
- Interview TG15012015.
- A good analysis of the EEU can be found in: Nicu Popescu, “Eurasian Union: the real, the imaginary and the likely,” European Union Institute for Security Studies, Chaillot Paper NNo 132 (September 2014), at <http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/CP_132.pdf> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- “Rashirenie Transsiba i BAMa oboydetsya v 562 mlrd rubley” [Transsiberian Railway's and Baikal-Amur Railway's expansion will cost 562 billion rubles], RBC (July 26, 2013), at <http://www.rbc.ru/economics/26/07/2013/867728.shtml> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- Ivan Zuenko, “Kak proidet kitajskiy Shelkoviy put I kto na nem zarabotaet” [Which road will the Chinese Silk Road take and who will be winning], Carnegie.ru (April 21, 2016), <http://camegie.ru/commentary/2016/04/21/ru-63395/ixdv>, (searched date: 1 June 2016)
- A comprehensive map of potential OBOR routes can be found at: Moritz Rudolf, “Infographic/China Mapping Silk Road Initiative,” Mercator Institute for China Studies (December 2015), at <http://www.merics.org/en/merics-analysis/infographicchina-mapping/china-mapping.html> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- A good summary of Sino-Kazakh energy relations can be found in: Lidya Parkhomchik, “China-Kazakhstan Relations in the Oil and Gas Sector,” Eurasian Research Institute (June 27, 2016), at <http://eurasian-research.org/en/research/comments/energy/china-kazakhstan-relations-oil-and-gas-sector> (searched date: 1 July 2016).
- See a more detailed discussion on the SCO Development Bank in: Alexander Gabuev, “Taming the Dragon: How Can Russia Benefit from China's Financial Ambitions in the SCO?” Russia in Global Affairs (vol. 1, March, 2015)
- See: Fiona Hill, Clifford Gaddy, Mr. Putin: Operative in the Kremlin (Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2015).
- See a detailed account on this in: Alexander Gabuev, China's Pivot to Putin's Friends, Foreign Policy (June 25, 2016), at <http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/25/chinas-pivot-to-putm-friends-xi-russia-gazprom-timchenko-sinopec/> (searched date: 1 July 2016).
- Interviews with Chinese experts conducted in June and November 2015 in Beijing.
- A more detailed description of Russian hopes can be found in: Alexander Gabuev, A” Soft Alliance”? (European Council for Foreign Relations, February 2015).
- See a more detailed description of Sino-Russian relations after Ukrainian crisis in: Alexander Gabuev, Friends with Benefits? Russian-Chinese Relations After the Ukraine Crisis (Carnegie Moscow Center, June 2016)
- “Tuidong gongjian sichouzhilu he 21 shiji haishang sichozhilude yuanjingyuxingdong” [Vision and action plan for advancing the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21 Century Maritime Silk Road], National Development and Reform Commission (March 28, 2015), at <http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201503/t20150328_669091.html> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- “Shuvalov: Rossiya gotova k sovmestnoy rabote s Kitaem v forniate EAES” [Shuvalov: Russia is ready to work with China in the EEU framework], RIA Novosti (March 28, 2015), at <http://ria.ru/east/20150328/1055032880.html> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- «Ziyaudin Magomedov,” Forbes.ru, at <http://www.forbes.ru/profile/ziyaudin-niagoniedov> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- “Toward the Great Ocean-3: Creating Central Eurasia,” Valdai Discussion Club (June 10, 2015), at <https://ru.scribd.coni/docunient/267511978/Toward-the-Great-Ocean-3-Creating-Central-Eurasia> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- This author is one of the authors for “Valdai” report, and was involved in some of the preparatory meetings for Shuvalov's trip.
- «Joint Statement between People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Cooperation in Linking Up the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Eurasian Economic Union”, China's Ministry of Commerce (May 8, 2015), at <http://policy.mofcom.gov.cn/section/gjty!fetch.action?id=TOEL000080>, (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- Valdai Club, op. cit., 21–23.
- “EEK nachnet peregovori o razvitii torgovo-ekonomicheskogo partnerstva Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza s Kitaem” [EEC will start talks on trade and economic partnershop between the EEU and China], Eurasian Economic Commission (May 12, 2015), at <http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/nae/news/Pages/12-05-2015-1.aspx>, (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- “Waijiao fubuzhang Cheng Guoping he Ehiosi fuwaizhang juxing ZhongE sichouzhilu lingjudai yu ouya jingji lianmeng jiansheduijiehezuo xieshangjizhi gongzuozu cuoshang” [Deputy Minister Cheng Guoping and Russian Deputy Foreign Minister have conducted consultations of the working group on cooperation for linking up the Silk Road economic Belt with the Eurasian Economic Union], China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (August 26, 2015), at <http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/wjbxw_673019/t1291462.shtml>, (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- “Waijiaobuzhang zhuli Li Huilai he Eluosi fuwaizhang Muergulofu juxing “Yidai Yimeng” duijiehezuo xieshangjizhi gongzuozu dierci cuoshang” [Assistant Secretary Li Huilai and Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Morgulov have conducted the second round of consultations of the working group on linking up “One Belt One Union”], China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (April 28, 2016), at <http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/wjbxw_673019/t1359196.shtml>, (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- “O vstrechah zamestitelya Ministra inostrannih del Rossii I.V.Morgulova v Pekine” [On Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs I.V.Morgulov's meetings in Beijing], Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (August 26, 2015), at <http://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/1708141> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- “O vstrechah zamestitelya Ministra inostrannih del Rossii I.V.Morgulova v Pekine” [On Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs I.V.Morgulov's meetings in Beijing], Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (April 27, 2016), at <http://www.mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2256500> (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- A series of interviews in Moscow, Beijing and Astana conducted trough June 2015 to June 2016.
- “Rossiya peredast Kitayu investproekti po sopryazheniyu EAES I EPSHP” [Russia to transfer to China investment projects for EEU-SREB linking-up], RIA Novosti (March 24, 2016), at <http://ria.ru/economy/20160324/1396325463.html>, (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- It needs to be noted, that this route is not shown on any of the semi-official maps for OBOR published by Chinese state media.
- “Gosudarstvennaya programma infrastriiktumogo razvitiya Nurli Zhol na 2015–2019 godi” [State program for infrastructure development “Nurly Zhol” for 2015–2019], Government of Kazakhstan, at <http://kfm.gov.kz/ru/activity/strategy-and-program/state-program-on-infra-structure-development-nurly.html>, (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- «Zhonghua renmin gongheguo he Hazakesitan gongheguo guanyu quanminan zhanlue huobanguanxi xinjieduande lianhe xuanyan” [People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan Republic Joint Declaration on the New Period of Strategic Partnership ties]
- Interview GZK050615.
- «Joint Statement between People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Cooperation in Linking Up the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Eurasian Economic Union”, China's Ministry of Commerce (May 8, 2015), at <http://policy.mofcom.gov.cn/section/gjty!fetch.action?id=TOEL000080>, (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- Interview XTT070615.
- «Trans-Pacific Partnership Ministers Statement”, USTR.gov, at <https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2015/october/trans-pacific-partnership-ministers>, (searched date: 1 June 2016).
- See, for example, an article by Chairman of the Russian Duma Sergey Narishkin in the leading business daily Vedomosti: Sergey Narishkin, “Instinkti kolonizatorov” [Colonizer's Instincts], Vedomosti (April 14, 2015).
- Interviews AY100116 and TDE100516.
- “EAES I KNR gotovy perejti k peregovoram po Soglahseniyu o trorgovo-ekononiicheskom sotradnichestve” [EEU and China are ready to start talks on economic and trade partnership], Eurasian Economic Commission (June 27, 2016), at <http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/nae/news/Pages/28-06-2016-1.aspx>, (searched date: 1 July 2016).
- Interviews LRB10616 and TDE200616.
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Crouching Bear, Hidden Dragon: “One Belt One Road” and Chinese-Russian Jostling for Power in Central Asia
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