Contemporary Chinese martial arts and the manipulation of cultural positioning

Bibliography

• Brady, A. M. Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Brownell, S. Training the Body for China: Sports in the Moral Order of the People’s Republic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, J. “Zhou Enlai de Wushu Jiaoshi: Han Muxia.” [Zhou Enlai’s Martial Arts Mentor: Han Muxia]. Dangshi Zongheng, [The Length and Breadth of Party History] no. 9 (2015): 34–38.
   Google Scholar
• “Chenglong Chunwan Xianchang, Yiju Geci Rang Zhongguo Wangyou Gantan: Fengci Juewang.” [Jackie Chan Sang at the Spring Festival Gala, a Line that made Chinese Netizens Sigh: Ironic and Despairing]. Ziyou Shibao [Liberty Times], January 25, 2020. Accessed July 14, 2021. https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3049776
   Google Scholar
• “Cong Wenhua Zixin de Gaodu Chuancheng Zhongguo Chuantong Wushu.” [Inheriting Chinese Traditional Martial Arts from the Perspective of Cultural Self-confidence]. Sohu News, October 30, 2017. Accessed July 13, 2021. https://www.sohu.com/a/201143274_411209
   Google Scholar
• “Dadao Shadishu Li Qishizai Fengyu Zaixian Fengcai.” [“broad Sword Killing the Enemy” Has Reappeared after 70 Years of Wind and Rain]. Yangcheng wanbao [Yangcheng Evening News], May 7, 2020, Section FA 14.
   Google Scholar
• DeMarco, A. M. Asian Martial Arts, Monks, and Ways of Thought. Santa Fe, N.Mex: Via Media Publishing Company, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• “Ezhi Liuxing Wenhua Disuhua Qushi, Saochu Disuwenhua.” [To Curb the Trend of “Vulgarization” in Popular Culture and Eliminate “Vulgar Culture”]. People’s Net, August 19, 2013. Accessed November 1, 2021. http://culture.people.com.cn/n/2013/0819/c172318-22612871.html.
   Google Scholar
• “Gongfu zhengba lianchengjue.” [Liancheng Jue: Kung fu competition]. People’s Net, January 6, 2016. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://sports.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0106/c22176-28020442.html.
   Google Scholar
• “Guanyu Shishi Zhonghua Youxiuchuantong Wenhua Chuancheng Fazhan Gongcheng de Yijian.” [Suggestions on Implementation of Projects to Promote and Develop the Excellence of Traditional Chinese Culture]. People’s Net, January 26, 2017. Accessed November 23, 2021. http://culture.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2017/0126/c87423-29049971.html.
   Google Scholar
• “Guowang Xianxi Lueguo Buti: Zhongguo Guanmei Zan Jinyong Daxia.” [Stop Mentioning Unpleasant Things in the Past: Chinese Official Media Praise Hero Jin Yong]. Nanyang shangbao [Nanyang Commercial Daily], November 1, 2018, Section A 14.
   Google Scholar
• “Guowuyuan Guanyu Jiakuai Fazhan Tiyuchanye Cujin Tiyuxiaofei de Ruogan Yijian.” [The Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Expediting the Development of the Sports Competition and Performance Industry]. Zhongguo zhengfuwang [China Government Net], October 2, 2014. Accessed July 13, 2021. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2014-10/20/content_9152.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Han, H. Wuhun: Ji zhongguo sanda chuangshiren zhiyi Mei Huizhi xiansheng de fengyu rensheng [The soul of martial arts: Remembering the wind and rain life of Mr. Mei Huizhi, one of the founders of Chinese Sanda]. Beijing: People’s Sports Press, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• “Han Feilong Wansheng Dongou Quanwang, Shizhan Taiji Xianshenwei.” [Han Feilong Defeats the Eastern European Boxing Champion, Showing His Power in Actual Tai Chi]. Sohu News, April 12, 2017. Accessed July 13, 2021. https://www.sohu.com/a/133600559_652984.
   Google Scholar
• “Hongse Gonghu Yueju Hongshengguan Qidon, Gjiangyu Qiyue Xiaxun Shouyan.” [Red Kung Fu Cantonese Opera “Hongsheng Guan” Is Launched and Will Premiere in Late July]. Zhongguo Xinwenwang [China News Network], April 10, 2021. Accessed July 15, 2021. https://www.chinanews.com/cul/2021/04-10/9452055.shtml.
   Google Scholar
• “Huanyuan Kangri Zhong de Wushu Zhenmianmu.” [Restore the True Face of Martial Arts in the Anti-Japanese War]. Guangzhou Daily, December 7, 2013. Section B9.
   Google Scholar
• “Huo Yuanjia: Jingwu bizu, minzu yingxiong, aiguo wushujia.” [Huo Yuanjia: Originator of jingwu, national hero, and patriotic martial artist]. Tianjinshi jiweihui [Tianjin Commission for Discipline Inspection], April 25, 2020. Accessed July 14, 2021. https://www.tjjw.gov.cn/html/lyqf/2020/04/25/71592.html.
   Google Scholar
• Jie, M. 2021. “Ma Baoguo Xianxiang Shi Wushu Wenhua Chanye de Weiji Xinhao.” [“ma Baoguo Phenomenon” Is a Sign of a Crisis in the Martial Arts Cultural Industry]. Sina News, November 23. Accessed: July 13, 2021. http://k.sina.com.cn/article_6192937794_17120bb4202001fefh.html.
   Google Scholar
• “Jigou Shezhi.” [Institutional Establishment]. Zhong guowu shuxie hui [Chinese Wushu Association]. Accessed November 1, 2021. http://www.wushu.com.cn/#/organSetting/centre
   Google Scholar
• Keane, M. China’s New Creative Clusters: Governance, Human Capital and Investment. New York: Routledge, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Q. 2014. “Ni Youjirou Wo You Shengong: Waiguo Dalishi Beiou Shi.” [You Have Muscles, but I Have Magical Skills: A History of Foreign Strong Men Being Beaten]. Sina, September 2. Accessed: November 23, 2021. http://history.sina.com.cn/cul/zl/2014-09-02/160199276.shtml.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, Z. Politics and Identity in Chinese Martial Arts. New York: Routledge, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, Z. A History of Shaolin: Buddhism, Kung Fu and Identity. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• “Mao Zhuxi Wannian Ye Mi Li Xiaolong.” [Chairman Mao Was Also Obsessed with Bruce Lee in His Later Years]. Wenshi cankao[Literature and History Reference] no. 10 (2011): 22.
   Google Scholar
• “MMA Xuanshou Ershimiaonei Dadao Taiji Quanshi.” [MMA Player Defeats Tai Chi Boxer in 20 Seconds]. Xianggang caijing shibao [Hong Kong Financial Times], June 12, 2020. Accessed November 25, 2021. https://www.businesstimes.com.hk/articles/127605/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A1%93-427%E5%B7%94%E5%B3%B0%E5%B0%8D%E6%B1%BA-%E5%BE%90%E6%9B%89%E5%86%AC-%E9%AD%8F%E9%9B%B7-%E6%89%93%E5%81%87-%E6%90%8F%E6%93%8A-mma/.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, D. A. Marrow of the Nation: A History of Sport and Physical Culture in Republican China. Berkeley, Calif.; London: University of California Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls, H. The Way of the Panda: The Curious History of China’s Political Animal. London: Profile Books, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, D. A. Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, J. E. Anyuan: Mining China’s Revolutionary Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, J. E. “Cultural Governance in Contemporary China: ‘Re-orienting’ Party Propaganda.” In Handbook of Cultural and Creative Industries in China, edited by V. Shue, 29–55. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Qin, J. “Dang Zhong Yang Shouci Mingque Jiancheng Wenhuaqiangguo Shijianbiao.” [For the First Time, the Central Party Has Clarified the Timetable for Building a Cultural Power]. Zhongguo wang [China Net], October 30, 2020. Accessed: June 30, 2021. http://cul.china.com.cn/2020-10/30/content_41343268.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Qin, H., and L. Yang. 2020. “Richu songshanao, chongju shaolinsi xilie, qunzhong wenhua huodong zai zheng qidong.” [The series “Sunrise at Songshan, Reunion at Shaolin Temple,” and mass cultural activities launched in Zhengzhou]. Xinhua Net, August 17. Accessed July 13, 2021. http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/www.ha.xinhuanet.com/news/2020-08/17/c_1126375498.htm.
   Google Scholar
• “Renmin Ribao Pinglun: Ma Baoguo Naoju, Gai like Shouchangliao.” [People’s Daily Commented: Ma Baoguo’s Farce Should End Immediately]. Zhongguo Taiwan wang [Chinese Taiwan Network], November 28, 2020. Accessed: July 14, 2021. http://www.taiwan.cn/xwzx/PoliticsNews/202011/t20201128_12308686.htm.
   Google Scholar
• “Shijie Gongfu Zhicheng, Zhege Zhaopai Foshan Zenme Caliang?.” [How to Polish This “Brand” of Foshan, the World City of Kung Fu?].Nanfang dushibao [Southern Metropolis Daily], March 8, 2019, Section AII04.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, G. “Ruya Zhou Enlai: Yinni Jianghu de Wulin Gaoshou.” [Refined Zhou Enlai: A Martial Arts Master Who Hides in the World]. Zhengfu Fazhi [Government Legal System] no. 11 (2010): 42–43.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. “Shaolinsi Sanshinian Zaihuishou.” [Shaolin Temple: Looking Back over 30 Years]. Qiye Guanchajia [Business Observer] no. 1 (2012): 107–109.
   Google Scholar
• “Wo Geren de Shijian Duqu Naerliao.” [How Do I Arrange My Personal Time]. Guangzhou Daily, February 10, 2014, Section A4.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, D. “Shaolin Jiangjun Qian Jun de Chuanqi Rensheng.” [The Legendary Life of Shaolin General Qian Jun]. Shiji Qiao [Century Bridge] no. 2 (2010): 36–37.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, F. 2021. “Niepan Chongsheng de Zhongguo Wushu.” [Chinese Martial Arts Revived]. Pengpai [surging], July 28. Accessed: February 16, 2022, https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_13767705.
   Google Scholar
• Xi, J. “Jianding Wenhua Zixin, Jianshe Shehuizhuyi Wenhua Qiangguo.” [Strengthen Cultural Self-confidence and Build a Socialist Cultural Power]. Zhongguo zhengfuwang [China Government Net], June 15, 2019. Accessed November 23, 2021. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-06/15/content_5400577.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, Y. 2022. “Chuantong Wushu Zhu Dongao: Qiangshen Jianti Lian Qilai.” [Traditional Martial Arts Helps the Winter Olympics: Strengthen Your Body]. Heqing xinwen wang [Heqing News Network], February 2. Accessed: February 16, 2022, https://www.hbynet.net/detail/38/185699.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, S. Xu Shiyou huiyilu. Memoirs of Xu Shiyou. Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, G. Olympic Dreams: China and Sports, 1895-2008. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• “Yan bicheng UFC de chongyang guannian bixu jiuzheng, Han Feilong daibiaoliao zhongguo wushu de wenhua zixin.” [The excessive worship of UFC must be corrected, Han Feilong represents the cultural self-confidence of Chinese martial arts]. Sohu News, June 22, 2019. Accessed: July 12, 2021. https://www.sohu.com/a/322363545_434146.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, X., and S. Yang. Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Wushushi [History of Martial Arts in the People’s Republic of China]. Taipei: Yiwen Wushu Culture, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, X. 2017. “Taier zhuang zhanyi zhong de wushujia Zhang Zhijiang.” [Zhang Zhijiang, a martial artist at the Battle of Taierzhuang]. People’s Net, May 18. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2017/0518/c85037-29284982.html.
   Google Scholar
• “Zhongguo Wushuxiehui Guanyu Jiaqiang Hangye Zilu Hongyang Wushu Wenhua de Changyishu.” [Proposal on Strengthening Industry Self-discipline to Promote the Wushu Culture]. Guojia tiyuzongju [National Department of Sport], July 9, 2020. Accessed: July 10, 2021. http://www.sport.gov.cn/n316/n336/c954802/content.html.
   Google Scholar
• “Zhongguo Wuxia: Yuejia Xingwei Youwei Wude Shexian Weifa.” [Chinese Wushu Association: “Arrange to Fight Privately” Behavior Violates Military Morality and Is Suspected of Illegality]. Xinhua Net, May 4, 2017. Accessed: July 14, 2021. http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2017-05/04/c_129587978.htm.
   Google Scholar