Advancing Nuclear Test Verification without Entry into Force of the CTBT

References

• Asada, M. 2011. “The Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Universalization of the Additional Protocol.” Journal of Conflict and Security Law 16 (1): 3–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krr007.
   Google Scholar
• BBC. 2019. “Russian Nuclear Accident: Medics Fear ‘Radioactive Patients’.” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe–49432681
   Google Scholar
• Borger, J. 2019. “Russia ‘Probably’ Violating Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Top US Official Says.” The Guardian, May 29. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/29/russia-nuclear-test-ban-treaty-probably-violating-us
   Google Scholar
• Bunn, G. 2003. “The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty: History and Current Problems.” Arms Control Today 33 (10): 4.
   Google Scholar
• “Council Decision 2010/461/CFSP.” 2010. Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:219:0007:0020:EN:PDF
   Google Scholar
• Center for Arms Control and Non-proliferation. 2017. “The Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT).” https://armscontrolcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/The-Threshold-Test-Ban-Treaty-TTBT_New-Temp2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2004. Frequently Asked Questions about NDC. Vienna, Austria: CTBTO publication.
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2005. “Northern Sumatra Earthquake and the Subsequent Tsunami on 26 December 2004.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2005/northern-sumatra-earthquake-and-the-subsequent-tsunami-on-26-december–2004/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2006a. “CTBTO Preparatory Commission Holds Two Day Scientific Symposium.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2006/ctbto-preparatory-commission-holds-two-day-scientific-symposium/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2006b. “9 October 2006 First DPRK Nuclear Test.” https://www.ctbto.org/specials/testing-times/9-october-2006-first-dprk-nuclear-test/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2008. “Signing of Tsunami Warning Agreement between Japan and the CTBTO.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2008/signing-of-tsunami-warningagreement-betweenjapan-and-the-ctbto/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2010a. “Creating the ‘Buy-in’ to Strengthen Arms Control and Disarmament.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2010/creating-the-buy-in-to-strengthen-arms-control-and-disarmament/?textonly=1
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2010b. “Noble Gas Detection System Reaches Maturity.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2010/noble-gas-detection-system-reaches-maturity/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2011. “Fukushima Related Measures by the CTBTO.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2011/fukushima-related-measurements-by-the-ctbto/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2012. “National Data Centre Capacity Building.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/highlights/2012/national-data-centre-capacity-building/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2013a. “2013 DPRK Announced Nuclear Test Media Questions Answers on Radionuclide Detection.” https://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/developments-after-1996/2013-dprk-announced-nuclear-test/media-questions-answers-on-radionuclide-detection/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2013b. “Update on CTBT Findings Related to the Announced Nuclear Test by North Korea.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2013/update-on-ctbto-findings-related-to-the-announced-nuclear-test-by-north-korea/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2015. “The CTBTO’s Contribution to Disaster Risk Reduction.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2015/the-ctbtos-contribution-to-disaster-risk-reduction/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2016. “IAEA & CTBTO Sign Practical Arrangement on Nuclear Emergencies.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2016/iaea-ctbto-sign-practical-arrangement-on-nuclear-emergencies/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2017a. “2017 September DPRK Nuclear Testing.” https://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/developments-after-1996/2017-sept-dprk/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2017b. “Namibia Capacity Building Workshop.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2017/namibia-capacity-building-workshop/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2018a. “CTBTO Visits Pakistan.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2018/ctbto-visit-to-pakistan/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2018b. “Thailand Ratifies the CTBT.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2018/thailand-ratifies-the-comprehensive-nuclear-test-ban-treaty/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2018c. “Transportable Radioxenon Systems (TXLS) Enhance the CTBTO’s Raduionuclide Monnitoring Technology in Japan.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2018/transportable-radioxenon-systems-txls-enhance-the-ctbtos-radionuclide-monitoring-technology-in-japan/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2019. “Executive Secretary Inaugurates Science Diplomacy Events in Cuba and in the Dominican Republic.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2019/executive-secretary-inaugurates-science-diplomacy-events-in-cuba-and-in-the-dominican-republic/?textonly=1
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2021a. “Cuba Joins the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/news-stories/2021/cuba-joins-the-comprehensive-nuclear-test-ban-treaty/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2021b. “Comoros Becomes 170th State to Ratify the CTBT.” https://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2021/comoros-becomes-170th-state-to-ratify-the-ctbt/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2021c. “CTBT Ending Nuclear Explosion.” https://www.ctbto.org/fileadmin/user_upload/public_information/2021/CTBT_FactSheet_English_Aug_2021.pdf
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2021d. “Facility Agreements.” https://www.ctbto.org/member-states/facility-agreements/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2021e. “Facility Agreements. Russian Federation.” https://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/country-profiles/?country=143&cHash=261836126dea6488d9bc8f4047e8b657
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2021f. “Facility Agreements. United States of America.” https://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/country-profiles/?country=184&cHash=e699720b55370091ef3ccec4ebed45d2
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2021g. “Status of Signature and Ratification.” https://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/
   Google Scholar
• CTBTO. 2021h. “vDEC.” Accessed 2021. https://www.ctbto.org/specials/vdec/
   Google Scholar
• Dahlman, O., J. Mackby, S. Mykkeltveit, and H. Haak. 2011. Detect and Deter: Can Countries Verify the Nuclear Test Ban? Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, C. A. 2007. “Debating Disarmament: Interpreting Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.” Nonproliferation Review 14 (3): 401–428. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700701611720.
   Google Scholar
• Fukui, Y. 2017. “CTBT: Legal Questions Arising from Its Non–Entry into Force Revisited.” Journal of Conflict and Security Law 22 (2): 183–200. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krw027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogna, S. 2020. The CTBT and the Possible U.S., China Nuclear Testing. Centre for Air Power Studies (CAPS), Forum for National Security Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Golan-Vilella, R. 2011. “CTBT Monitors Assist in Fukushima Aftermath.” Arms Control Today 41 (4): 31.
   Google Scholar
• Hajnoczi, T. 2020. “The Relationship between the NPT and the TPNW.” Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament 3 (1): 87–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2020.1738815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, K. A. 2006. The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: An Insider’s Perspective. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoell, M. 2019. “Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty is in Danger: Here’s How to Save It.” European Leadership Network.
   Google Scholar
• Kalinowski, M. B. 2006. Comprehensive Nuclear-test-ban Treaty Verification. Verifying Treaty Compliance, 135–152. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kimball, D. G. 2018. “Revitalizing Diplomatic Efforts to Advance CTBT Entry into Force.” Arms Control Association Policy White Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Lozova, V. V. 2015. “The CTBT: Possible Subsequent Domino Effect of the US Ratification in the Context of the Global Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime.” Вісник Одеського національного університету. Серія: Соціологія і політичні науки 20, Вип. 2: 95–101.
   Google Scholar
• McGrath, K. 2009. “Verifiability, Reliability, and National Security: The Case for US Ratification of the CTBT.” Nonproliferation Review 16 (3): 407–433. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700903255102.
   Google Scholar
• Meier, O. 2005. “CTBTO Releases Test Ban Monitoring Data for Tsunami Warning.” Arms Control Today 35 (3): 39.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, F. 2019. “Global Network’s Nuclear Sensors in Russia Went Offline after Mystery Blast.” Reuters, August 19. https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-blast-ctbto/global-networks-nuclear-sensors-in-russia-went-offline-after-mystery-blast-idUKL5N25F1JN
   Google Scholar
• Nikitin, M., and B. Dunham. 2016. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments. Washington D.C: Congressional Research Service.
   Google Scholar
• Quackenbush, S. L., and F. Zagare. 2016. “Modern Deterrence Theory: Research Trends, Policy Debates, and Methodological Controversies.” In Oxford Handbooks Online. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reuters. 2019. “Norway Detects Radioactive Iodine by Russian Border Days after Blast.” Reuters, August 15. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-blast-norway-idUSKCN1V510N
   Google Scholar
• Ringbom, A., A. Axelsson, M. Aldener, M. Auer, T. W. Bowyer, T. Fritioff, and I. Hoffman. 2014. “Radioxenon Detections in the CTBT International Monitoring System Likely Related to the Announced Nuclear Test in North Korea on February 12, 2013.” Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 128: 47–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.10.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rydell, R. 2018. “A Strategic Plan for Nuclear Disarmament: Engineering A Perfect Political Storm.” Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament 1 (1): 49–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2017.1410386.
   Google Scholar
• Sagan, S. D. 2009. “Shared Responsibilities for Nuclear Disarmament.” Daedalus 138 (4): 157–168. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/daed.2009.138.4.157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taue, T. 2020. “Nagasaki Peace Declaration.” https://nagasakipeace.jp/content/files/abm/download/2020english.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tóth, T. 2009. “Building up the Regime for Verifying the CTBT.” Arms Control Today 39 (7): 6. September. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009-09/building-up-regime-verifying-ctbt
   Google Scholar
• Vaidya, S., R. Engdahl, R. Le Bras, K. Koch, and O. Dahlman. 2009. “Strategic Initiative in Ssupport of CTBT Data Processing: VDEC (Virtual Data Exploitation Centre).” CTBTO International Scientific Studies.
   Google Scholar
• YouTube. 2011. “United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon Addresses the Science and Technology Conference 2011.” https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZIsFJPkSGWk
   Google Scholar
• Zanders, J. P. 2002. “The Chemical Weapons Convention and Universality: A Question of Quality over Quantity?” Disarmament Forum. No. 4.
   Google Scholar
• Zerbo, L (@SinaZerbo). 2019. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SinaZerbo/status/1163094836569882625
   Google Scholar