Arms Control Dialogue is Japan’s Interest: An Agenda for a New Nuclear Posture Review

References

• Acton, J. M. 2021. “Don’t Panic about China’s New Nuclear Capabilities” the Washington Post, Accessed 27 July 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/30/dont-panic-about-chinas-new-nuclear-capabilities
   Google Scholar
• BBC. 2021. “China Denies Testing Nuclear-capable Hypersonic Missiles” BBC, Accessed 18 October 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china–58953352
   Google Scholar
• Biden, J. R., Jr. 2020. “Why America Must Lead Again: Rescuing US Foreign Policy after Trump” Foreign Affairs 99 (Accessed March/April 2020). https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-01-23/why-america-must-lead-again
   Google Scholar
• Biden, J. 2017. “Remarks by the Vice President on Nuclear Security” Accessed 11 January 2017. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/12/remarks-vice-president-nuclear-security
   Google Scholar
• Boulanin, V., L. Saalman, P. Topychkanov, F. Su, and M. Peldán Carlsson. 2020. Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Stability and Nuclear Risk. Stockholm: SIPRI.
   Google Scholar
• Bull, H. 1961. The Control of the Arms Race: Disarmament and Arms Control in the Missile Age. New York: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, K. M., and J. Sullivan. 2019. “Competition without Catastrophe: How America Can Both Challenge and Coexist with China” Foreign Affairs, Accessed September/October 2019. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/competition-with-china-without-catastrophe
   Google Scholar
• Embassy of the Russian Federation to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2015. “The Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation” December 25, 2014, (translated into English), Press Release, Accessed 29 June 2015. https://rusemb.org.uk/press/2029
   Google Scholar
• Fetter, S., and J. Wolfsthal. 2018. ”No First Use and Credible Deterrence” Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament 1 (1): 102–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2018.1454257
   Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick, M. 2019. “Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear Command and Control.” Survival 61 (3): 81–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2019.1614782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guardian. 2021. “Hotline ‘Ring Out’: China’s Military Crisis Strategy Needs Rethink, Says Biden Asia Chief” The Guardian, Accessed 6 May 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/06/hotlines-ring-out-chinas-military-crisis-strategy-needs-rethink-says-biden-asia-chief-kurt-campbell
   Google Scholar
• Heinrichs, R. L. 2019. “Transcript: The Arms Control Landscape Featuring DIA Lt. Gen. Robert P. Ashley, Jr” Hudson Institute, Accessed 21 May 2019. https://www.hudson.org/research/15063-transcript-the-arms-control-landscape-ft-dia-lt-gen-robert-p-ashley-jr
   Google Scholar
• ICNND. 2009. “Eliminating Nuclear Threats: A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers.” Report of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament. http://www.icnnd.org/reference/reports/ent/contents.html
   Google Scholar
• Jervis, R. 1984. The Illogic of Nuclear Strategy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, J. S. 2019. “Chinese Evolving Approaches to Nuclear “War-fighting”: An Emerging Intense US-China Security Dilemma and Threats to Crisis Stability in the Asia Pacific.” Asian Security 15 (3): 215–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2018.1443915.
   Google Scholar
• Kawasaki, A. 2020. “Correspondence from Anti-Nuclear Sailor: US Nuclear Attack and the Role of Japan as a US Ally” Hidankyo Shimbun, Accessed December 2020 [in Japanese]. https://www.ne.jp/asahi/hidankyo/nihon/about/about5-2020suif.html#2012
   Google Scholar
• Kine, P. 2021. “‘Spiral into Crisis’: The U.S.-China Military Hotline Is Dangerously Broken” Politico, Accessed 1 September 2021. https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/01/us-china-military-hotline-508140
   Google Scholar
• Kitaoka, S., and S. Mori. 2021. “From Missile Defense to Counter Offensive Capability: Japan Should Review Its Strategy to Counter Growing Chinese Military Threat.” Chuokoron 135 (4): 120–128. in Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Korda, M., and H. Kristensen. 2021. “China Is Building A Second Nuclear Missile Silo Field” the Federation of American Scientists, Accessed 26 July 2021. https://fas.org/blogs/security/2021/07/china-is-building-a-second-nuclear-missile-silo-field
   Google Scholar
• Kulacki, G. 2020. “Would China Use Nuclear Weapons First in a War with the United States?” The Diplomat, Accessed 27 April 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/would-china-use-nuclear-weapons-first-in-a-war-with-the-united-states
   Google Scholar
• Kyodo. 2018. “Japan and China Launch Defense Communication Mechanism to Prevent Air and Sea Clashes” The Japan Times, Accessed 8 June 2018. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/06/08/national/politics-diplomacy/japan-china-launch-defense-communication-mechanism-prevent-air-sea-clashes
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. G., and S. D. Sagan. 2016. “The Nuclear Necessity Principle: Making U.S. Targeting Policy Conform with Ethics & the Laws of War.” Daedalus 145 (4): 62–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, N. 2018. “China’s Evolving Nuclear Strategy: Will China Drop ‘No First Use?’.” China Brief 18 (1). https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-evolving-nuclear-strategy-will-china-drop-no-first-use
   Google Scholar
• Lieber, K. A., and D. G. Press. 2017. “The New Era of Counterforce: Technological Change and the Future of Nuclear Deterrence.” International Security 41 (4): 9–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Defense of Japan. 2021. “Defense of Japan” 2021 (digest). https://www.mod.go.jp/en/publ/w_paper/wp2021/DOJ2021_Digest_EN.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. 2003. “The Priority Tasks of the Development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” cited in Ryan, K. 2020. “Is ‘Escalate to Deescalate’ Part of Russia’s Nuclear Toolbox?” Russia Matters, Accessed 8 January 2020. https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/escalate-deescalate-part-russias-nuclear-toolbox
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 2007. “Japan-China Joint Press Statement” Accessed 11 April 2007. https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/china/pv0704/joint.html
   Google Scholar
• Mount, A. 2021. “What Is the Sole Purpose of U.S. Nuclear Weapons?” Federation of American Scientists, Accessed 16 September 2021. https://s3.amazonaws.com/uploads.fas.org/2021/08/25092950/FAS-SPNW.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Murano, M. 2021. “The New Biden Administration and Security over Nuclear Issues” Koken, Accessed January 2021 [in Japanese]. https://koken-publication.com/archives/907
   Google Scholar
• Nofirstuse Global. 2021. “United States Experts Call on Japan Not to Oppose a US No-first-use Policy” nofirstuse global, Accessed 10 August 2021. https://nofirstuse.global/2021/08/10/united-states-experts-call-on-japan-not-to-oppose-a-us-no-first-use-policy
   Google Scholar
• Office of the Secretary of Defense. 2021. “Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China.” Annual Report to Congress. https://media.defense.gov/2021/Nov/03/2002885874/-1/-1/0/2021-CMPR-FINAL.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Office of the Under Secretary of Defense. 2021. “Pacific Deterrence Initiative” https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/FY2022/fy2022_Pacific_Deterrence_Initiative.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Oliker, O. 2018. “Moscow’s Nuclear Enigma: What Is Russia’s Arsenal For?.” Foreign Affairs 97 (6): 52–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, Z. 2018. “A Study of China’s “No First Use” Policy on Nuclear Weapons.” Journal of Peace and Nuclear Disarmament 1 (1): 115–136. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2018.1458415.
   Google Scholar
• Panda, A., and V. Narang. 2021. “Sole Purpose Is Not No First Use: Nuclear Weapons and Declaratory Policy” War on the Rocks, Accessed 22 February 2021. https://warontherocks.com/2021/02/sole-purpose-is-not-no-first-use-nuclear-weapons-and-declaratory-policy
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, B. 2013. “Extended Deterrence and Strategic Stability in Northeast Asia” NIDS Visiting Scholar Paper Series, No. 1, Accessed 9 August 2013. http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/visiting/pdf/01.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, B. 2020. “On Theories of Victory, Red and Blue” Livermore Papers on Global Security No. 7, Accessed June 2020. https://cgsr.llnl.gov/content/assets/docs/CGSR-LivermorePaper7.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, B. 2019. “Debating Nuclear No-first-use, Again.” Survival 61 (3): 39–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2019.1614788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santoro, D., and R. Gromoll. 2020. “On the Value of Nuclear Dialogue with China.” Issues and Insights Special Report 20 (1). November 2020. https://pacforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/issuesinsights_Vol20No1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schaus, J., J. Federici, and L. Sheppard. n.d. “Gray Zone Project” https://www.csis.org/grayzone
   Google Scholar
• Sevastopulo, D. 2021. “China Tests New Space Capability with Hypersonic Missiles” Financial Times, Accessed 16 October 2021. https://www.ft.com/content/ba0a3cde-719b-4040-93cb-a486e1f843fb
   Google Scholar
• Simon, L. 2017. “Demystifying the A2/AD Buzz” War on the Rocks, Accessed 4 January 2017. https://warontherocks.com/2017/01/demystifying-the-a2ad-buzz
   Google Scholar
• Smith-Spark, L., A. Eshchenko, and E. Burrows. 2015. “Russia Was Ready to Put Nuclear Forces on Alert over Crimea, Putin Says” CNN, Accessed 16 March 2015. https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/europe/russia-putin-crimea-nuclear/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Sonne, P. 2019. “Top Democrats Introduce Bill to Prevent U.S. From Striking First with Nuclear Weapons” Washington Post, Accessed 30 January 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/top-democrats-introduce-bill-to-prevent-us-from-striking-first-with-nuclear-weapons/2019/01/30/a5959ee6-24bc-11e9-ba08-caf4ff5a3433_story.html
   Google Scholar
• Sonne, P., G. Lubold, and C. E. Lee. 2016. “‘No First Use’ Nuclear Policy Proposal Assailed by U.S. Cabinet Officials, Allies” The Wall Street Journal, Accessed 12 August 2016. https://www.wsj.com/articles/no-first-use-nuclear-policyproposal-assailed-by-u-s-cabinet-officials-allies-1471042014
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi, S. 2021. “Issus for Japan in a post-INF Era.” In Emerging Missile Arms Race and Japan’s Defense, edited by S. Morimoto and S. Takahashi, Tokyo: Namiki Shobo.[in Japanese].
   Google Scholar
• Tannenwald, N. 2019. ”It's Time for a U.S. No-First-Use Nuclear Policy.” Texas National Security Review 2 (3). https://tnsr.org/roundtable/its-time-for-a-u-s-no-first-use-nuclear-policy/.
   Google Scholar
• Tertrais, B. 2018. “Russia’s Nuclear Policy: Worrying for the Wrong Reasons.” Survival 60 (2): 33–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2018.1448560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokyo Shimbun. 2021. “Biden Administration’s Pursuit of World without Nuclear Weapons: What Is behind Its Enthusiasms?” Tokyo Shimbun, Accessed 11 May 2021 [in Japanese]. https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/102749
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Defense. 2010. “Nuclear Posture Review Report.” Washington DC: US Department of Defense. https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/NPR/2010_Nuclear_Posture_Review_Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Defense. 2018. “Nuclear Posture Review Report.” Washington DC: US Department of Defense. https://media.defense.gov/2018/Feb/02/2001872886/-1/-1/1/2018-NUCLEAR-POSTURE-REVIEW-FINAL-REPORT.PDF
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Defense. 2019. “Dangers of a Nuclear No First Use Policy” Accessed April 2019. https://media.defense.gov/2019/Apr/01/2002108002/-1/-1/1/DANGERS-OF-A-NO-FIRST-USE-POLICY.PDF
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Defense. 2020. Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2020. Washington DC: US Department of Defense. https://media.defense.gov/2020/Sep/01/2002488689/-1/-1/1/2020-DOD-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT-FINAL.PDF
   Google Scholar
• US National Security Council. 2021. “Interim National Security Strategic Guidance” Accessed March 2021. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NSC-1v2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Warren, E., et al. 2021. “Letter on Nuclear Posture Review Guidance” Accessed 21 July 2021. https://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Letter%20on%20Nuclear%20Posture%20Review%20Guidance%20(signatures)%207.21.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Warrick, J. 2021. “China Is Building More than 100 New Missile Silos in Its Western Desert, Analysts Say” the Washington Post, Accessed 30 June 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/china-nuclear-missile-silos/2021/06/30/0fa8debc-d9c2-11eb-bb9e-70fda8c37057_story.html
   Google Scholar
• Yeaw, C., A. Erickson, and M. Chase. 2012. “The Future of Chinese Nuclear Policy and Strategy.” In Strategy in the Second Nuclear Age, edited by T. Yoshihara and J. R. Holmes. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, T. 2020a. Narrowing the U.S.-China Gap on Missile Defense: How to Help Forestall a Nuclear Arms Race. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, T. 2020b. Practical Ways to Promote U.S.-China Arms Control Cooperation, Policy Outlook. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Outlook_Zhao_ArmsControl-Updated.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, L. 2021. “China Should ‘Fine-tune’ Nuclear Weapons Policy amid US Pressure, Ex-diplomat Says” South China Morning Post, Accessed 22 September 2021. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3149720/china-should-fine-tune-nuclear-weapons-policy-amid-us-pressure
   Google Scholar