312
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia of the Convergence Insufficiency Type with Bupivacaine 0.75%: 5-Year Experience and Outcomes

, MD ORCID Icon & , MD
Pages 3-7 | Received 24 Jun 2018, Accepted 25 Nov 2018, Published online: 07 Jan 2019

References

  • Yang, M., Luo M, Deng D, et al. Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with intermittent exotropia: a large sample study in South China. Medicine (Baltimore). February 2016;95(5):e2590. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002590.
  • Hardesty HH, Boynton JR, Keenan JP. Treatment of intermittent exotropia. Arch Opthalmol. 1978;96:268–274. doi:10.1001/archopht.1978.03910050136006.
  • Oh JY, Hwang JM. Survival analysis of 365 patients with exotropia after surgery. Eye. 2006;20:1268–1272. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702091.
  • Scott AB MD, *, Miller JM PhD, Shieh KR BS. Treating strabismus by injecting the agonist muscle with bupivacaine and the antagonist with botulinum toxin. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. December 2009;107:104–109.
  • Miller JM PhD, Scott AB MD, Danh KK, Strasser D, Sane M. Bupivacaine injection remodels extraocular muscles and corrects comitant strabismus. Ophthalmology. December 2013;120(12):2733–2740. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.06.003.
  • Josephson ME, Mathias SA. Bupivacaine treatment of intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type. J AAPOS. 2011;15:e4. ( Abstract of AAPOS meeting presentation). doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.01.016.
  • Martinez-Thompson JM, Diehl NN, Holmes JM, Mohney BG. Incidence, types, and lifetime risk of adult-onset strabismus. Ophthalmology. April 2014;121(4):877–882. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.10.030.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.