REFERENCES
- Andrea. (2011). Testimony: My natural hair journey. For Harriet. http://www.forharriet.com/2011/04/testimony-my-natural-hair-journey.html
- Awad, G. H., Norwood, C., Taylor, D. S., Martinez, M., McClain, S., Jones, B., Holman, A., & Chapman-Hilliard, C. (2015). Beauty and body image concerns among African American college women. Journal of Black Psychology, 41(6), 540–564. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798414550864
- Bailey, M. (2021). Misogynoir transformed: Black women’s digital resistance. New York University Press.
- Banks, I. (2000). Hair matters: Beauty, power, and Black women’s consciousness. New York University Press.
- Brown, D. L., Rosnick, C. B., & Segrist, D. J. (2017). Internalized racial oppression and higher education values: The mediational role of academic locus of control among college African American men and women. Journal of Black Psychology, 43(4), 358–380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798416641865
- Brown, L., Williams, B. M., & Williams, Q. (2021). Melanin messages: Black college women’s experiences and reflections on navigating colorism. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000347
- Byrd, A. D., & Tharps, L. L. (2002). Hair story: Untangling the roots of Black hair in America. St. Martin’s Griffin.
- Byrd, K. (2019). The natural hair movement: A historical perspective. Curl Centric. https://www.curlcentric.com/natural-hair-movement/
- Chapman, Y. M. (2007). “I am not my hair! Or am I?”: Black women’s transformative experience in their self-perceptions of abroad and at home [ Master’s thesis, Georgia State University]. ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University.
- Chow, A. R. (2022, April 6). The history that led to Will Smith slapping Chris Rock at the 2022 Oscars. Time. https://time.com/6161372/will-smith-chris-rock-oscars-2022/
- Clark-Ibáñez, M. (2004). Framing the social world with photo-elicitation interviews. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(12), 1507–1527. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204266236
- Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. (1990). Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educational Researcher, 19(5), 2–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X019005002
- Cranston-Bates, M. H. (2012). The natural hair transformation: A journey of resilience and resistance. [ Master’s thesis, Smith College]. Smith ScholarWorks.
- Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Identity politics, intersectionality, and violence against women. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE.
- Dawson, G. A., Karl, K. A., & Peluchette, J. V. (2019). Hair matters: Toward understanding natural black hair bias in the workplace. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 26(3), 389–401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051819848998
- Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2012). Critical race theory: An introduction (2nd ed.). NYU Press.
- Diaz, J. (2022, March 18). The House passes the Crown Act, a bill banning discrimination on race-based hairdos. NPR. Retrieved April 6, 2022, from https://www.npr.org/2022/03/18/1087661765/house-votes-crown-act-discrimination-hair-style
- Dill, B. T., & Zambrana, R. E. (Eds.). (2009). Critical thinking about inequality: An emerging lens. In B. T. Dill & R. E. Zambrana (Eds.), Emerging intersections: Race, class, and gender in theory, policy, and practice (pp. 1–21). Rutgers University Press.
- Donahoo, S., & Smith, A. D. (2019). Controlling the crown: Legal efforts to professionalize Black hair. Race and Justice, 12(1), 182–203. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368719888264
- Donahoo, S. (2019). Owning Black hair: The pursuit of identity and authenticity in higher education. In U. Thomas (Ed.), Navigating micro-aggressions toward women in higher education (pp. 73–95). IGI Global. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5942-9.ch004
- Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The souls of black folk. A.C. McClurg & Co.
- Ellis-Hervey, N., Doss, A., Davis, D., Nicks, R., & Araiza, P. (2016). African American personal presentation: Psychology of hair and self-perception. Journal of Black Studies, 47(8), 869–882. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934716653350
- Falconer, J. W., & Neville, H. A. (2000). African American college women’s body image: An examination of body mass, African self-consciousness, and skin color satisfaction. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24(3), 236–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00205.x
- Fries-Britt, S., & Kelly, B. T. (2005). Retaining each OTHER: Narratives of two African American women in the Academy. The Urban Review, 37(3), 221–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-005-0006-2
- Greene, D. W. (2016). Splitting hairs: The Eleventh Circuit’s take on workplace bans against Black women’s natural hair in EEOC v. Catastrophe Management Solutions. University of Miami Law Review, 71(4), 987–1036.
- Hesse-Biber, S., Livingstone, S., Ramirez, D., Barko, E. B., & Johnson, A. L. (2010). Racial identity and body image among Black female college students attending predominantly White colleges. Sex Roles, 63(9–10), 697–711. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9862-7
- Hull, G. T., Scott, P. B., & Smith, B. (1982). But some of us are brave: All the women are white, all the Blacks are men: Black women’s studies. Feminist Press.
- Hunter, M. L. (2002). “If you’re light you’re alright”: Light skin color as social capital for women of color. Gender & Society, 16(2), 175–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2F08912430222104895
- Hunter, M. L. (2005). Race, gender, and the politics of skin tone. Routledge.
- Jackson-Lowman, H. (2013). An analysis of the impact of Eurocentric concepts of beauty on the lives of Afrikan American women. In H. Jackson-Lowman (Ed.), African American women: Living at the crossroads of race, gender, class, and culture (pp. 155–172). Cognella Academic Publishing.
- Johnson, T. A., & Bankhead, T. (2014). Hair it is. Examining the experiences of Black women with natural hair. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.21010
- Keith, V. M., & Herring, C. (1991). Skin tone and stratification in the Black community. American Journal of Sociology, 97(3), 760–778. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/229819
- King, V., & Niabaly, D. (2013). The politics of Black women’s hair. Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato, 13(1), 1–19.
- Koval, C. Z., & Rosette, A. S. (2020). The natural hair bias in job recruitment. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(5), 741–750. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620937937
- Lewis, J. A., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S. A., & Huntt, M. B. (2012). Coping with gendered racial microaggressions among Black women college students. Journal of African American Studies, 17, 53–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-012-9219-0
- Lewis, J. A., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S. A., & Browne Huntt, M. (2016). “Ain’t I a woman?”: Perceived gendered racial microaggressions experienced by Black women. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(5), 758–780. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000016641193
- Luster, C. (2014, June 20). The history of natural Black hair, plus how 2014ʹs afro has a whole new meaning. Bustle. http://www.bustle.com/articles/27404-the-history-of-natural-black-hair-plus-how-2014s-afro-has-a-whole-new-meaning
- McWhorter, C. (2020). Black hair in the media: Racial portrayals are more than skin deep. Communication Teacher, 35(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2020.1807033
- Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
- Neely, T. Y. (2018). I am my hair, and my hair is me: #Blackgirlmagic in LIS. In R. L. Chou & A. Pho (Eds.), Pushing the margins: Women of color and intersectionality in LIS (pp. 121–146). Library Juice Press.
- Neil, L., & Mbilishaka, A. (2019). “Hey, curlfriends!”: Haircare and self-care messaging on YouTube by Black women natural hair vloggers. Journal of Black Studies, 50(2), 156–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934718819411
- Padilla, R. V., Treviño, J., Gonzalez, K., & Treviño, J. (1997). Developing local models of minority student success in college. Journal of College Student Development, 38(2), 124–135.
- Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544.
- Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. Sage Publications.
- Pitts, B. (2021). “Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown”: A critical race analysis of the crown act. Journal of Black Studies, 52(7), 716–735. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347211021096
- Saldana, J., & Omasta, M. (2017). Qualitative research: Analyzing life. Sage.
- Steele, C. K. (2021). Digital Black feminism. New York University Press.
- Stephens, D., & Thomas, T. L. (2012). The influence of skin color on heterosexual Black college women’s dating beliefs. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 24(4), 291–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08952833.2012.710815
- Stewart, D. L. (2015). Know your role: Black college students, racial identity, and performance. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 28(2), 238–258. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2014.916000
- Strayhorn, T. L. (2011). Singing in a foreign land: An exploratory study of Gospel choir participation among African American undergraduates at a predominantly White institution. Journal of College Student Development, 52(2), 137–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2011.0030
- Thompson, C. (2009). Black women, beauty, and hair as a matter of being. Women’s Studies, 38(8), 831–856. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00497870903238463
- Vaccaro, A. (2017). “Trying to act like racism is not there:” Women of color at a predominantly white women’s college challenging dominant ideologies by exposing racial microaggressions. NASPA Journal about Women in Higher Education, 10(3), 262–280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19407882.2017.1348303
- Walker, B. (2016, August 4). HAIR: Black women’s right to remain relaxed. Ebony. https://www.ebony.com/style/hair-black-womens-right-to-remain-relaxed-122/
- Weitz, R. (2001). Women and their hair: Seeking power through resistance and accommodation. Gender & Society, 15(5), 667–686. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/089124301015005003
- Whaley, N. (2019, October 16). On TikTok, Black girls find visibility-and racist hate. Bitch Media. https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/black-women-face-racism-on-tiktok
- Williams, B. M. (2022). ‘It’s just my face’: Workplace policing of Black first-generation professional women in student affairs and higher education [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department of Education, University of Vermont .
- Williams, B. M., Hotchkins, B., Evans, M. (in press). The permeation of Whiteness in student leadership organizations. In Z. Foste & T. Tevis (Eds.), Critical Whiteness praxis in higher education and student affairs: Considerations for the pursuit of racial justice on campus. Stylus.
- Williams, S. (2016). # Teamlightskin vs.# Teamdarkskin: Colorism on Twitter. In N. Rooks, V. Pass, & A. Weekley (Eds.), Women’s magazines in print and new media (pp. 206–222). Routledge.