Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adults with inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with implications for clinical social work

References

• References marked with an asterisk indicate studies included in the meta-analysis.
   Google Scholar
• Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies. (2018, January 1). What is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)? Retrieved from http://www.abct.org/Help/?m=mFindHelp&fa=WhatIsCBTpublic
   Google Scholar
• Baardseth, T. P., Goldberg, S. B., Pace, B. T., Wislocki, A. P., Frost, N. D., Siddiqui, J. R., & Wampold, B. E. (2013). Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus other therapies: Redux. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 395–405. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbara, G., Cremon, C., & Stanghellini, V. (2014). Inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: Similarities and differences. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 30, 352–358. doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beery, R. M. M., Barnes, E. L., Nadkarni, A., & Korzenik, J. R. (2017). Suicidal behavior among hospitalized adults with inflammatory bowel disease: A United States nationwide analysis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 24(1), 25–34. doi:10.1093/ibd/izx005
   Google Scholar
• Bel, L. G. J., Vollebregt, A. M., Jong, A. E. V. D. M., Fidder, H. H., Hove, W. R. T., Vilet-Vlieland, C. W., & Both, S. (2015). Sexual dysfunctions in men and women with inflammatory bowel disease: The influence of IBD-related clinical factors and depression on sexual function. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12, 1557–1567. doi:10.1111/jsm.12913
   Google Scholar
• *Berrill, J. W., Sadlier, M., Hood, K., & Green, J. T. (2014). Mindfulness-based therapy for inflammatory bowel disease patients with functional abdominal symptoms or high perceived stress levels. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis, 8, 945–955. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2014.01.018
   Google Scholar
• Bhandari, S., Larson, M. E., Kumar, N., & Stein, D. (2017). Association of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with depressive symptoms in the United States population and independent predictors of depressive symptoms in an IBD population: A NHANES study. Gut & Liver, 11(4), 512–519. doi:10.5009/gnl16347
   Google Scholar
• Bolton, J. M., Walld, R., Chateau, D., Finlayson, G., & Sareen, J. (2015). Risk of suicide and suicide attempts associated with physical disorders: A population-based, balancing score-matched analysis. Psychological Medicine, 45, 495–504. doi:10.1017/s0033291714001639
   Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• *Boye, B., Lundin, K., Jantschek, G., Leganger, S., Mokleby, K., & Jahnsen, J. (2011). INSPIRE study: Does stress management improve the course of inflammatory bowel disease and disease-specific quality of life in distressed patient with ulcerative colitis or crohn’s disease? A randomized controlled trial. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 17, 1863–1873. doi:10.1002/ibd.21575
   Google Scholar
• Burkhalter, H., Stucki-Thür, P., David, B., Lorenz, S., Biotti, B., Rogler, G., & Pittet, V. (2015). Assessment of inflammatory bowel disease patient’s needs and problems from a nursing perspective. Digestion, 91, 128–141. doi:10.1159/000371654
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, G., Rosenfeld, G., Leung, Y., Qian, H., Raudzus, J., Nunez, C., & Bressler, B. (2017). Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2017, 6496727. doi:10.1155/2017/6496727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
   Google Scholar
• Card, N. A. (2012). Applied meta-analysis for social science research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, M. W. ‐. L. (2019). Some reflections on combining meta‐analysis and structural equation modeling. Research Synthesis Methods, 10, 15–22. doi:10.1002/jrsm.1321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2010). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: Science and practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed. ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 3) [Computer Software]. Englewood, NJ: Biostat.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
   Google Scholar
• De Boer, A. G. E. M., Evertsz, F. B., Stokkers, P. C., Bockting, C. L., Sanderman, R., Hommes, D., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. W. (2016). Employment status, difficulties at work and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 28, 1130–1136. doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000000685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Díaz-Sibaja, M. A., Comeche-Moreno, M. I., Mas-Hesse, B., García, M. D., & Pareja, M. Á. V. (2009). Protocolized group psychological treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: It’s impact on quality of life. Psychology in Spain, 13(1), 17–24.
   Google Scholar
• Drisko, J. (2014). Research evidence and social work practice: The place of evidence-based practice. Clinical Social Work Journal, 42, 123–133. doi:10.1007/s10615-013-0459-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durlak, J. A. (1995). Understanding meta-analysis. In L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and understanding multivariate statistics (pp. 319–352). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Evertsz’, F. B., Bockting, C. L. H., Stokkers, P. C. F., Hinnen, C., Sanderman, R., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2012). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Multi-center design and study protocol (KL!C – Study). BMC Psychiatry, 12, 1–10. doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-227
   Google Scholar
• *Evertsz’, F. B., Sitnikova, K., Stokkers, P. C. F., Ponsioen, C. Y., Bartelsman, J. F. W. M., & Bocktin, C. L. H. (2017). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(9), 918–925. doi:10.1037/ccp0000227
   Google Scholar
• Farraye, F. A., Melmed, G. Y., Lichtenstein, G. R., & Kane, S. V. (2017). ACG clinical guideline: Preventive care in inflammatory bowel disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 112, 241–258. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fourie, S., Jackson, D., & Aveyard, H. (2018). Living with inflammatory bowel disease: A review of qualitative research studies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 87, 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.07.017
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilescu, O., Mihai, C., Anton-Paduraru, D. T., Moisa, S., Ciubara, A., & Cijevschi-Prelipcean, C. (2015). Impact of inflammatory bowel diseases on quality of life. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 50, 80–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gradus, J. L., Qin, P., Lincoln, A. K., Miller, M., Lawler, E., Sørensen, H. T., & Lash, T. L. (2010). Inflammatory bowel disease and completed suicide in Danish adults. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 16, 2158–2161. doi:10.1002/ibd.21298
   Google Scholar
• Graff, L. A., Walker, J. R., & Bernstein, C. N. (2009). Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of comorbidity and management. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15, 1105–1118. doi:10.1002/ibd.20873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, S., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2008). Preparing a Cochrane review. In J. P. T. Higgins & S. Green (Eds.), Cochrane handbook of systematic reviews of interventions (pp. 11–30). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heisler, E. J. (2018). The mental health workforce: A primer (Report No. R43255). Retrieved from Congressional Research Service https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43255.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. T., & Altman, D. G. (2008). Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In J. P. T. Higgins & S. Green (Eds.), Cochrane handbook of systematic reviews of interventions (pp. 186–241). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 327, 557–560. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hippel, P. T. (2015). The heterogeneity statistic I2 can be biased in small meta-analyses. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 15, 1–8. doi:10.1186/s12874-015-0024-z
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 36, 427–440. doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huedo-Medina, T. B., Sánchez-Meca, J., Botella, J., & Marín-Martínez, F. (2006). Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I2 index?. Psychological Methods, 11, 193–206. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.11.2.193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jantschek, G., Zeitz, M., Pritsch, M., Wirsching, M., Klör, H. –. U., Studt, H. H., & Keller, W. (1998). Effect of psychotherapy on the course of crohn‘s disease: Results of the prospective multicenter psychotherapy treatment study on crohn‘s disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 33, 1289–1296. doi:10.1080/00365529850172386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelenova, D., Prasko, J., Ociskova, M., Latalova, K., Karaskova, E., Hruby, R., & Mihal, V. (2016). Quality of life and parental styles assessed by adolescents suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases and their parents. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 665–672. doi:10.2147/ndt.s104260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, Z., Zhou, X., & He, J. (2015). Statistical methods for dealing with publication bias in meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 34, 343–360. doi:10.1002/sim.6342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kappelman, M. D., Moore, K. R., Allen, J. K., & Cook, S. F. (2013). Recent trends in the prevalence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in a commercially insured US population. Digestive Disease and Sciences, 58, 519–525. doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2371-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefer, L., & Kane, S. V. (2017). Considering the bidirectional pathways between depression and IBD: Recommendations for comprehensive IBD care. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 13, 164–169.
   Google Scholar
• Keeton, R. L., Mikocka-Walus, A., & Andrews, J. M. (2015). Concerns and worries in people living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A mixed methods study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78, 573–578. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Derry, H. M., & Fagundes, C. P. (2015). Inflammation: Depression fans the flames and feasts on the heat. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 1075–1091. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles, S. R., Graff, L. A., Wilding, H., Hewitt, C., Keefer, L., & Mikocka-Walus, A. (2018). Quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analyses–Part I. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 24, 742–751. doi:10.1093/ibd/izx100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles, S. R., & Mikocka-Walus, A. A. (Eds.). (2015). Psychological aspects of inflammatory bowel disease: A biopsychosocial approach. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Knowles, S. R., Monshat, K., & Castle, D. J. (2013). The efficacy of methodological challenges of psychotherapy for adults with inflammatory bowel disease: A review. Inflammatory Bowel Disease, 19(12), 2704–2715. doi:10.1097/mib.0b013e318296ae5a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalczyk, R., & Kane, S. (2011). Inflammatory bowel disease: A primary care primer. Consultant, 51, 713–718.
   Google Scholar
• Leone, D., Menichetti, J., Fiorino, G., & Vegni, E. (2014). State of the art: Psychotherapeutic interventions targeting the psychological factors involved in IBD. Current Drug Targets, 15, 1020–1029. doi:10.2174/1389450115666140627151702
   Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn, P. M., & Libet, J. (1972). Pleasant events, activity schedules, and depressions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 79(3), 291–295. doi:10.1037/h0033207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• *McCombie, A., Gearry, R., Andrews, J., Mulder, R., & Mikocka-Walus, A. (2016). Does computerized cognitive behavioral therapy help people with inflammatory bowel disease? A randomized controlled trial. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 22(1), 171–181. doi:10.1097/MIB.0000000000000567
   Google Scholar
• McCombie, A. M., Mulder, R. T., & Gearry, R. B. (2013). Psychotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease: A review and update. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis, 7, 935–949. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeece, C. A., & Thyer, B. A. (2004). Evidence-based practice and social work. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 1, 7–25. doi:10.1300/J394v01n01_02
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Mikocka-Walus, A., Bampton, P., Hetzel, D., Hughes, P., Esterman, A., & Andrews, J. M. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural therapy has no effect on disease activity but improves quality of life in subgroup of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC gastroenterology, 15, 1–12. doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0278-2
   Google Scholar
• Mikocka-Walus, A., Hughes, P., Moretta, M., Pilichiewicz, A., Long, H., Hetzel, D., & Andrews, J. (2014). Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) improves inflammatory responsiveness but not mental short term in IBD patients: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Crohns and Colitis, 8, S47. doi:10.1016/s1873-9946(14)60093-3
   Google Scholar
• Mikocka-Walus, A., Knowles, S. R., Keefer, L., & Graff, L. (2016). Controversies revisited: A systematic review of the comorbidity of depression and anxiety with inflammatory bowel iseases. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 22, 752–762. doi:10.1097/MIB.0000000000000620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikocka-Walus, A., Turnbull, D., Holtmann, G., & Andrews, J. M. (2012). An integrated model of care for inflammatory bowel disease sufferers in Australia: Development and the effects of its implementation. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 18, 1573–1581. doi:10.1002/ibd.22850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussell, M., Böcker, U., Nagel, N., Olbrich, R., & Singer, M. V. (2003). Reducing psychological distress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease by cognitive-behavioural treatment: Exploratory study of effectiveness. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 38, 755–762. doi:10.1080/00365520310003110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuendorf, R., Harding, A., Stello, N., Hanes, D., & Wahbeh, H. (2016). Depression and anxiety in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 87, 70–80. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton, P. J. (2012). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy of anxiety: A transdiagnostic treatment manual. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Toole, A., Winter, D., & Friedman, S. (2014). Review article: The psychosexual impact of inflammatory bowel disease in male patients. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 39, 1085–1094. doi:10.1111/apt.12720
   Google Scholar
• Pignotti, M., & Thyer, B. A. (2009). Use of novel unsupported and empirically supported therapies by licensed clinical social workers: An exploratory study. Social Work Research, 33(1), 5–17. doi:10.1093/swr/33.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakovec-Felser, Z. (2011). The biopsychosical model of treatment the patients with inflammatory chronic bowel disease. Collegium antropologicum, 35(2), 453–461.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramos, A., Calvet, X., Sicilia, B., Vergara, M., Figuerola, A., Motos, J., & Gomollón, F. (2015). IBD-related work disability in the community: Prevalence, severity and predictive factors. A cross-sectional study. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 3(4), 335–342. doi:10.1177/2050640615577532
   Google Scholar
• Ringquist, E. J. (2013). Meta-analysis for public policy management. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, R. (1979). The “file drawer problem” and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638–641. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sajjadinezhad, M. S., Asgari, K., Molavi, H., & Adibi, P. (2016). Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management, optimism training and medical therapy on somatic symptoms, perceived stress, illness perception and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis. Arak Medical University Journal, 18(10), 40–54.
   Google Scholar
• *Schoultz, M., Atherton, I., & Watson, A. (2015). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease patients: Findings from an exploratory pilot randomised controlled trial. Trials, 16, 1–13. doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0909-5
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz, S. P., & Blanchard, E. B. (1991). Evaluation of a psychological treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 167–177. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90045-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Searle, A., & Bennett, P. (2001). Psychological factors and inflammatory bowel disease: A review of a decade of literature. Psychology, Health, and Medicine, 6, 121–135. doi:10.1080/713690241
   Google Scholar
• Seligman, M. E. (1998). The president’s address. American Psychologist, 54, 559–562.
   Google Scholar
• Shadish, W. R. (1996). Meta-analysis and the exploration of causal mediating processes: A primer of examples, methods, and issues. Psychological Methods, 1, 47–65. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.47
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shedler, J. (2010). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 65, 98–109. doi:10.1037/a0018378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibaja, M. A., Comeche-Moreno, M. I., & Mas-Hesse, B. (2007). Protocolized cognitive-behavioural group therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestives, 99, 593–598.
   Google Scholar
• Slonim-Nevo, V., Sarid, O., Friger, M., Schwartz, D., Chernin, E., Shahar, I., & Odes, S. (2016). Effect of psychosocial stressors on patients with Crohn’s disease: Threatening life experiences and family relations. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 28, 1073–1081. doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000000666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slonim-Nevo, V., Sarid, O., Friger, M., Schwartz, D., Sergienko, R., Pereg, A., … Odes, S. (2018). Effect of social support on psychological distress and disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 24, 1389–1400. doi:10.1093/ibd/izy041
   Google Scholar
• Sterne, J. A. C., Sutton, A. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Terrin, N., Jones, D. R. L., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2011). Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. British Medical Journal, 343, d4002. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thyer, B. (2017). It is time to delink psychodynamic theory from the definition of clinical social work. Clinical Social Work Journal, 45(4), 364–366. doi:10.1007/s10615-015-0530-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmer, A., Preiss, J. C., Motschall, E., Rücker, G., Jantschek, G., & Moser, G. (2011). Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006913. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006913.pub2
   Google Scholar
• Turk, D. C., Meichenbaum, D., & Genest, M. (1983). Pain and behavioral medicine: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, A., Himle, J., Steketee, G., & Muroff, J. (2014, August 04). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Encyclopedia of Social Work. Ed. Retrieved from http://socialwork.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.001.0001/acrefore-9780199975839-e-874
   Google Scholar
• Williams, C. J., & Carter, S. K. (1978). Management of trials in the development of cancer chemotherapy. British Journal of Cancer, 37(3), 434–447. doi:10.1038/bjc.1978.64
   Google Scholar
• Zand, A., Deen, W. K., Inserra, E. K., Hall, L., Kane, E., Centeno, A., & Hommes, D. W. (2015). Presenteeism in inflammatory bowel diseases: A hidden problem with significant economic impact. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 21(7), 1623–1630. doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zettler, L. L., Speechley, M. R., Foley, N. C., Salter, K. L., & Teasell, R. W. (2010). A scale for distinguishing efficacy from effectiveness was adapted and applied to stroke rehabilitation studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63, 11–18. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.007
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, C. K., Hewett, J., Hemming, J., Grant, T., Zhao, H., Abraham, C., … Proctor, D. D. (2013). The influence of depression on quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 19, 1732–1739. doi:10.1097/MIB.0b013e318281f395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar