References
- Austin, A. E., Shanahan, M. E., Barrios, Y. V., & Macy, R. J. (2019). A systematic review of interventions for women parenting in the context of intimate partner violence. Journal of Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(4), 498–519. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/152483801771923
- Bögels, S., & Restifo, K. (2014). Mindful Parenting Program: A Guide for mental health Practitioners. Springer Publishers.
- Borden, L. A., Schultz, T. R., Herman, K. C., & Brooks, C. M. (2010). The incredible years parent training program: Promoting resilience through evidence-based prevention groups. Group Dynamics, 14(3), 230–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020322
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research. A practical guide for beginners. Sage.
- Brodsky, A. E., & Cattaneo, L. B. (2013). A transconceptual model of empowerment and resilience: Divergence, convergence and interactions in kindred community concepts. American Journal of Community Psychology, 52(3–4), 333–346. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-013-9599-x
- Caffarella, R. S. (2002). Planning programs for adult learners: A practical guide for educators, trainers, and staff developers (2nd ed. ed.). Jossey-Bass.
- Chandan, U., & Richter, L. M. (2008). Programmes to strengthen families: Reviewing the evidence from high income countries. Commissioned by the Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS Human Science Research Council.
- Coley, R. L., & Lombardi, C. M. (2014). Low-income women’s employment experiences and their financial, personal, and family well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034998
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. SAGE.
- Crime Statistics South Africa [Crime Stats SA], (2020/2021). Accessed: 22 March 2020. http://www.crimestatssa.com/topten.php
- De Goede, C. (2018). The management of family routines by single, Xhosa-speaking mothers with young children (Unpublished doctorate thesis). Stellenbosch University: Stellenbosch.
- Dinkmeyer, D., Sr., McKay, G. D., & Dinkmeyer, D., Jr. (1997). Systematic Training for Effective Parenting [VHS]. American Guidance Service.
- Ebersöhn, L., Loots, T., Mampane, R., Omidire, F., Malan-Van Rooyen, M., Sefotho, M., & Nthontho, M. (2018). An indigenous psychology perspective on psychosocial support in Southern Africa as collective, networking, and pragmatic support. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 28(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2371
- Fave, A. D., Brdar, I., Wissing, M. P., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2013). Sources and motives for personal meaning in adulthood. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6), 517–529. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.830761
- Felner, R. D., & DeVries, M. L. (2013). Poverty in childhood and adolescence: A transactional–ecological approach to understanding and enhancing resilience in contexts of disadvantage and developmental risk. In S. Goldstein & R. B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children (2nd ed. ed., pp. 105–126). Springer.
- Fleming, K., & Kruger, L-M. (2013). “She keeps his secrets”: A gendered analysis of the impact of shame on the non-disclosure of the impact of sexual violence in one low-income South African community. African Safety Promotion Journal, 11(2), 107–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15270/51-2-441
- Fredrickson, B. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
- Fredrickson, B. (2009). Positivity. Crown Publishers.
- Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13(117 1–8). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-117
- Geinger, F., Vandenbroeck, M., & Roets, G. (2014). Parenting as a performance: Parents as consumers and (de)constructors of mythic parenting and childhood ideals. Childhood, 21(4), 488–501. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568213496657
- Goliath, V. (2018, August). Contextual and cultural relevance in adolescent drug treatment (Cape Town, South Africa: Paper presented at the South African medicine Society (SAAMS)) ().
- Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Miller, L. E. (2013). Intervention to reduce traumatic stress following intimate partner violence: An efficacy trial of the moms’ empowerment program (MEP). Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 41(2), 329–350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2013.41.2.329
- Hall, K., & Mokomane, Z. (2018). The shape of children’s families and households: A demographic overview. South African Child Gauge: Children, Families and the State.
- Hall, K., Richter, L., Mokomane, Z., & Lake, L. (2018). Children, Families and the State Collaboration and contestation. South African Child Gauge . http://webcms.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/367/SouthAfricanChildGauge2018-Nov20.pdf#page=151
- Holtzkamp, J. (2010). The development and assessment of a family resilience-enhancement programme (Unpublished doctorate thesis). Stellenbosch University.
- Isaacs, S. A., Roman, N. V., & Savahl, S. (2018). The development of a family resilience-strengthening programme for families in a South African rural community. Journal of Community Psychology, 46(5), 616–635. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21962
- Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
- Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Research, 43(2), 207–222. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197
- Keyes, C. L. M. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 539–548. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539
- Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. American Psychologist, 62(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95
- Kruger, L. (2006). Motherhood. In T. B. Shefer, F. Bezuidenthout, & P. Kiguwa (Eds.), The gender of psychology (pp. 182–197). University of Cape Town Press.
- Kumpfer, K. L., & Magalhães, C. (2018). Strengthening Families Program: An Evidence-Based Family Intervention for Parents of High-Risk Children and Adolescents. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 27(3), 174–179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443048
- Kumpfer, K. L., Molgaard, V., & Spoth, R. (1996). The strengthening families program for prevention of delinquency and drug use in special populations. In R. D. Peters & R. J. McMahon (Eds.), Preventing childhood disorders, substance abuse, and delinquency: Prevention and early intervention approaches (pp. 241–268). Sage.
- Lachman, J. M., Sherr, L. T., Cluver, L., Ward, C. L., Hutchings, J., & Gardner, F. (2016). Integrating Evidence and Context to Develop a Parenting Program for Low-Income Families in South Africa. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(7), 2337–2352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0389-6
- Lazarus, S., Seedat, M., & Naidoo, T. (2017). Community Building: Challenges of Constructing Community. In M. A. Bond, I. S. Serrano-Garcia, & C. B. Keys (Eds.), APA Handbook of Community Psychology (Vol. 2), Methods for Community Research and Action for Diverse Groups and Issues (pp. 215–234). American Psychological Association.
- Lyubomirsky, S. (2007). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. The Penguin Press.
- Mabuza, N. (2014). Single Parenting and Its Effects on the Psychosocial Development of Children in Swaziland. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 2252–2262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p2252
- Mahali, A., Lynch, I., Fadiji, A. W., Tolla, T., Khumalo, S., & Naicker, S. (2018). Networks of well-being in the Global South: A critical review of current scholarship. Journal of Developing Societies, 34(4), 373–400. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X18786137
- Maluleke, R. (2018). Crime against women in South Africa: An In-depth analysis of the Victims of Crime Survey data (Report No. 03–40-05). Report 03- 40-05(June, 2018), 1–27. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/Report-03-40-05/Report-03-40-05June2018.pdf%0Awww.statssa.gov.za
- Mathews, S., & Benvenuti, P. (2014). Violence against children in South Africa: Developing a prevention agenda. In S. Mathews, L. L. Jamieson, L. Lake, and C. Smith (Eds.), South African Child Gauge 2014. Children’s Institute. University of Cape Town 26–34 .
- May, P.A., Blankenship. J., Marais, A.S., Gossage, J.P., Kalberg, W.O., Barnard, R., de Vries, M., Robinson, L.K., Adnams, C.M., Buckley, D., Manning, M., Jones, K.L., Parry, C., Hoyme, H.E., & Seedat, S. (2013). Approaching the prevalence of full spectrum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in a South African population-based study. Alcoholism: Clinical; & Experimental Research, 37(5), 818–830.
- McFarlane, A. (2018, August). The Complexity of the Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Trauma related Disorders: Unravelling the Puzzle. Paper presented at at South African Addiction Medicine Society (SAAMS), Cape Town.
- Mucka, L. E., Dayton, C. J., Lawler, J., Kirk, R., Alfafara, E., Schuster, M. M., Miller, N., Ribaudo, J., Rosenblum, K. L., & Muzik, M. (2017). Mixed‐methods evaluation of participant recruitment and retention in the MOM POWER parenting intervention program. Infant Mental Health Journal, 38(4), 536–550. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21652
- Muller, I. (2021). The Recruitment and Initiation of Girls into Gangs in the Western Cape (Unpublished Masters thesis). Stellenbosch University.
- Myers, B. (2018, August). Addressing trauma, substance use and sexual risk among young South African women. Paper presented at South African Addiction Medicine Society (SAAMS), Cape Town.
- Myers, B., Carney, T., Browne, F. A., & Wechsberg, W. M. (2019). A trauma-informed substance use and sexual risk reduction intervention for young South African women: A mixed-methods feasibility study. BMJ Open, 9(2), 1997–2006. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024776
- Naidoo, L., & Van Schalkwyk, I. (2021). Pathways to academic success of disadvantaged undergraduate university students from a high-risk community in the Western Cape. South African Journal of Higher Education, 35(4), 180–204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20853/35-4-4175
- Nelson, G., & Prilleltensky, I. (2010). Community psychology, in pursuit of liberation and well-being (2nd edition ed.) Palgrave Macmillan.
- Pedersen, G.A., Smallegange, E., Coetzee, A., Hartog, K., Turner, J., Jordans, M.J.D., & Brown, F.L. (2019). A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Family and Parenting Interventions in Low-and-Middle-income Countries: Child and Youth Mental Outcomes. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(8), 2036–2055. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01399-4
- Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. American Psychological Association; Oxford University Press.
- Philip, K., Tsedu, M., & Zwane, M. (2014). The impacts of social and economic inequality on economic development in South Africa. United Nations Development Program.
- Prilleltensky, I. (2012). Wellness as fairness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 49(1–21), (1–2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-011-9448-8
- Prilleltensky, I. (2019). Mattering at the Intersection of Psychology, Philosophy, and Politics. American Journal of Community Psychology, 65(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12368
- Pudifin, S., & Bosch, S. (2012). Demographic and social factors influencing public opinion on prostitution: An exploratory study in Kwazulu-Natal Province. South Africa. PER: Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad, 15(4), 2–39. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1727-37812012000400002&lng=en&tlng=en
- Rampou, A. M., Havenga, Y., & Madumo, M. (2015). Parenting experiences of mothers living with a chronic mental illness. Health SA/Gesondheid, 20(1), 118–127. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsag.2015.04.004
- Renk, K., Kolomeyer, E., Lowell, A., Puff, J., Cunningham, A., Khan, M., & McSwiggan, M. (2016). The state of evidence-based parenting interventions for parents who are substance-involved. Pediatric Research, 79(1–2), 177–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2015.201
- Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
- Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
- Sanders, M. R., Kirby, J. N., Tellegen, C. L., & Day, J. J. (2014). The triple P – Positive parenting program: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a multi-level system of parenting support. Clinical Psychological Review, 34(4), 337–357. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.003
- Sanders, M. R. (2003). Triple-P - Positive Parenting Program: A population approach to promoting competent parenting. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 2(3), 127–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5172/jamh.2.3.127
- Sanders, M. R. (2012). Development evaluation and multinational dissemination of the Triple Positive Parenting Program. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8(1), 345–379. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143104
- Shenderovich, Y., Eisner, M., Cluver, L., Doubt, J., Berezin, M. K., Majokweni, S., & Murray, A. L. (2019). Delivering a parenting program in South Africa: The impact of implementation on outcomes. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(4), 1005–1017. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-01319-y
- Shenderovich, Y., Eisner, M., Cluver, L., Doubt, J., Berezin, M., Majokweni, S., & Murray, A. L. (2018). What affects attendance and engagement in a parenting program in South Africa? Prevention Science, 19(7), 977–986. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0941-2
- Sherr, L., Macedo, A., Cluver, L. D., Meinck, F., Skeen, S., Hensels, I. S., … Tomlinson, M. (2017). Parenting, the other oldest profession in the world – A cross-sectional study of parenting and child outcomes in South Africa and Malawi. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 5(1), 145–165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2016.1276459
- Sleed, M., Baradon, T., & Fonagy, P. (2013). New beginnings for mothers and babies in prison: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Attachment & Human Development, 15(4), 349–367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2013.782651
- Sonke Gender Justice, Human Sciences research Council (2018). . Available at https://genderjustcie.org.za/publication/state-of-south-africas-fathers-2018/
- Taylor, Z. E., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Promoting Strengths and Resilience in Single-Mother Families. Child Development, 88(2), 350–358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12741
- Ungar, M., Ghazinour, M., & Richter, J. (2013). Annual research review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(4), 348–366. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12025
- Ungar, M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01067.x
- Ungar, M. (2015). Working with children and youth with complex needs: 20 skills to build resilience. Routledge.
- Van Den Driessche, F. (2016). A qualitative exploration of parents’ perceptions on a Parenting Skills Training Program in Kitgum, Northern Uganda (Unpublished Masters dissertation). University of Gent.
- van Schalkwyk, I., & Naidoo, A. V. (2021). Moeders van ’n hoërisikogemeenskap se fotostemverkenning aangaande gemeenskapsbronne en behoefte aan verandering. LitNet Akademies, 18 (2), 377–408. 1995-5928
- Van Schalkwyk, I. (2019). Strengthening female-headed households: Exploring the challenges and strengths of mothers with substance-problems living in a high-risk community. Journal of Family Studies 27 (2) , 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2019.1584122
- Van Schalkwyk, I. (2020). A wellness programme for mothers living in a high-risk community in the Western Cape to promote their personal and parental competencies (Unpublished Doctoral). Stellenbosch University.
- Walker, C. (1995). Conceptualising Motherhood in Twentieth Century South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 21(3), 417–437. Retrieved 12 December 2018, from www.jstor.org/stable/2637252
- Walsh, F. (2006). Strengthening family resilience (2nd ed. ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Ward, C., & Wessels, I.2013,Rising to the challenge: Towards effective parenting programmes.South African Child Gauge: 62–65. Retrieved on 15 February 2020 fromwww.childrencount.ci.org.za
- Welman, C., Kruger, F., & Mitchell, B. (2005). Research methodology (3rd ed. ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Wessels, I. M. (2017). Parental Engagement in Parent Training Interventions: Findings from the Sinovuyo Caring Families Project (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town.
- Wessels, I. (2012). Parenting programmes in South Africa: Investigating design and evaluation practices (Unpublished Masters Thesis). University of Cape Town.
- Wissing, M. P. (2013). Well-being research in South Africa. Springer 1–6 ISSN 2640-8074 doi:https://doi.org/10.100/978-94-007.6368-5 .
- Yates, T. M., Obradović, J., & Egeland, B. (2010). Transactional relations across contextual strain, parenting quality, and early childhood regulation and adaptation in a high-risk sample. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 539–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941000026X