Colonial Vestiges on the Map: A Rhetorical History of Development Cartography at the United Nations during Post-War Decolonization

References

• Ahmad, A. I. 1975. Tripartite review meeting notes. UN archives, series 155, Box 4, File 2, Folder: Afghanistan–Cartographic and cadastral survey institute, 1975. United Nations, Archives and Records Management, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Ajaegbo, D. I. 1986. First development decade, 1960–1970: The United Nations and the economic development of Africa. Transafrican Journal of History 15 (1986):1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Akerman, J. R. 2017. Introduction. In Decolonizing the Map: Cartography from Colony to Nation, ed. J. R. Akerman, 1–9. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barnes, T., and J. Crampton. 2011. Mapping intelligence: American geographers and the office of strategic services and GHQ/SCAP (Tokyo). In Reconstructing Conflict: Integrating War and Post-War Geographies, ed. S. Kirsch, and C. Flint, 227–51. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Barney, T. 2015. Mapping the Cold War: Cartography and the Framing of America’s International Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bryan, J., and D. Wood. 2015. Weaponizing Maps: Indigenous Peoples and Counterinsurgency in the Americas. New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chassé, D. S. 2014. Technical internationalism and economic development at the founding moment of the UN system. In International Organizations and Development, 1945–1990, ed. M. Frey, S. Kunkel, and C. R. Unger, 23–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, F. 2010. Writing the history of development. Journal of Modern European History 8 (1):5–23. doi:10.17104/1611-8944_2010_1_5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craib, R. B. 2017. Cartography and decolonization. In Decolonizing the Map: Cartography from Colony to Nation, ed. J. R. Akerman, 11–71. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Culcasi, K. 2017. Multiscalar nations: Cartography and countercartography of the Egyptian nation-state. In Decolonizing the Map: Cartography from Colony to Nation, ed. J. R. Akerman, 252–83. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Duffield, M. April 2007. Development, territories, and people: Consolidating the external sovereign frontier. Alternatives 32(2):225–46. doi: 10.1177/030437540703200204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edney, M. 1997. Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765–1843. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Engerman, D. C. 2017. Development politics and the Cold War. Diplomatic History 41 1000 (1):1–19. doi:10.1093/dh/dhw043.
   Google Scholar
• Escobar, A. 2012. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Godlewska, A., and N. Smith, eds. 1994. Geography and Empire. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, D. 2004. The Colonial Present. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Gutzwiller, H. P. n.d. Report on a mission to vientiane (Laos) and Bangkok (Thailand) by H. P. Gutzwiller, Cartography section, Natural resources and energy division, Department of technical cooperation for development. Report. UN archives, series 135, Box 2, File 2, Folder: Laos—Cartography of the Se Bang Fai Plain, Mission Reports, 1981–84. United Nations. Archives and Records Management. New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Harley, J. B. 2002. The New Nature of maps: Essays in the History of Cartography. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Huggan, G. October 1989. Decolonizing the map: Post-colonialism, post-structuralism and the cartographic connection. Ariel 20(4):115–31.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, C. 2018. Aerial Aftermaths: Wartime from Above. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsch, S. 2011. Object lessons: War and American democracy in the Philippines. In Reconstructing Conflict: Integrating War and Post-War Geographies, ed. S. Kirsch, and C. Flint, 203–25. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Lambelet, L. E. 1969 Assistance to the survey of India for pre-investment surveying, mapping and training, interim report, L.E. Lambelet (UNDP). Report. UN archives, series 155, Box 5, File 4. Folder: India—Pre-investment surveying, mapping and training: Progress reports, 1969/1971. United Nations. Archives and Records Management. New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Manzione, J. Winter 2000. ‘Amusing and amazing and practical and military:’ The legacy of scientific internationalism in American foreign policy, 1945–1963. Diplomatic History 24 (1):21–55. doi: 10.1111/1467-7709.00197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGowan, J. 2017. Uncovering the roles of African surveyors and draftsmen in mapping the gold coast, 1874–1957. In Decolonizing the Map: Cartography from Colony to Nation, ed. J. R. Akerman, 205–51. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Palat, R. A. 2013. Maps of time, clocks of space: Changing imaginaries of Asia. Critical Asian Studies 45 (3):397–410. doi:10.1080/14672715.2013.829312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, K. C. 2001. Rostow, Kennedy, and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pearcy, G. E. December 3, 1963. Cartography in Africa. US Department of State Bulletin 49 (1279):1014–18.
   Google Scholar
• Power, M. 2003. Rethinking Development Geographies. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Radcliffe, S. A. 2001. Imagining the state as a space: Territoriality and the formation of the state in ecuador. In States of Imagination: Ethnographic Explorations of the Postcolonial State, ed. T. B. Hansen, and F. Stepputat, 123–45. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reisser, W. J. 2012. The Black Book: Woodrow Wilson’s Secret Plan for Peace. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Selcer, P. 2015. Fabricating unity: The FAO-UNESCO soil map of the world. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung 40 (2):174–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shome, R. February 1996. Postcolonial interventions in the rhetorical canon: An ‘other’ view. Communication Theory 6(1):40–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00119.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shome, R., and R. S. Hegde. August 2002. Postcolonial approaches to communication: Charting the terrain, engaging the intersections. Communication Theory 12(3):249–70. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00269.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidaway, J. D. December 2000. Postcolonial geographies: An exploratory essay. Progress in Human Geography 24(4):591–612. doi: 10.1191/030913200100189120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, D. 1993. The geopolitical imagination and the enframing of development theory. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 18 (4):419–37. doi:10.2307/622559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, N. 2003. American Empire: Roosevelt’s Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stokke, O. 2009. The UN and Development: From Aid to Cooperation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stoler, A. L. 2016. Duress: Imperial Durabilities in Our Times. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO, United Nations Economic and Social Council. 1948. Co-ordination of cartographic services of specialized agencies and international organizations. Resolution of 19 February 1948. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/212422/files/E_RES_131%28VI%29-EN.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO, United Nations Economic and Social Council. 1963. United Nations conference on the Application of Science and Technology for the benefit of the less developed areas: Report of the secretary general, 21 May 1963. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1949. Modern Cartography: Base Maps for World Needs. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1954. Maps and their role in world development: United Nations interest in more and better cartography. United Nations Review 1 (4):26–29.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1957. Regional cartographic conference for asia and the far east, 15–25 February 1955, Mussoorie, India, Vol. 2: Proceedings of the conference and technical papers. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1961. Second United Nations regional cartographic conference for Asia and the Far East, 20 October—1 November 1958, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. 2: Proceedings of the 1075 conference and technical papers. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1965. Third United Nations regional cartographic conference for Asia and the Far East, 27 October—10 November 1961, Bangkok, Thailand, Vol. 2: Proceedings of the conference and technical papers. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1966. Regional cartographic conference for Africa, 1–12 July 1963, Nairobi, Vol. 2: Proceedings of the conference and technical papers. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1967a. Reports on the interregional seminar on the application of cartography for economic development, Denmark, 3–21 October 1965. World Cartography 1967a. 8(1967):24.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1967b. Second United Nations regional cartographic conference for Africa, 14– 24 September 1966, Tunis, Tunisia, Vol. 2 – Proceedings of the conference and technical papers. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1976. Urgent preparation for meeting in Kuwait on Persian Gulf development and environment protection, November 1976. Memo. UN archives. Series 155, Box 1, File 21, Folder: Kuwait–Gulf Development and Environment Protection, Departmental Supporting Document. United Nations, Archives and Records Management. New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Department of Economic Affairs. 1951. Measures for the Economic Development of Under-developed Countries. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Department of Economic Affairs. 1962. The United Nations Development Decade: Proposals for Action—Report of the Secretary General. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. 1979a. Government of Ethiopia project document, October 1979. Report. UN archives, Series 135, Box 1, File 9, Folder: Ethiopia—cartographytraining: Project document. United Nations, Archives and Records Management. New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. 1979b. Project progress report. UN archives. series 135, Box 2, File 11, Folder: Philippines—Central map production: Progress reports,1978–1982. United Nations. Archives and Records Management. New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. May 1983. Expanded assistance to central map production termination report, May 1983. Report. UN Archives. Series 135, Box 2, File 14. Folder: Philippines—Central map production, agency terminal report, 1983. United Nations. Archives and Records Management. New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Statistics. 2014. United Nations Regional Cartographic Conferences. Web Page. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/RCC/default.html.
   Google Scholar
• United States Delegation to the United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Africa.1964. Official report of the United States delegation to the United Nations regional cartographic conference for Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, July 1–13, 1963. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Watts, K. 1976. Report of mission to Algiers by Kenneth Watts, Acting Deputy Director, Africa Branch, OTC. Report. UN archives, series 155, Box 3, File 4, Folder: Regional Africa (Trans Sahara)—Road Studies: Mission reports, 1971–1976. United Nations.Archives and Records Management. New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Zarefsky, D. 1998. Four senses of rhetorical history. In Doing Rhetorical History, ed. K. J. Turner, 19–32. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
   Google Scholar