Arsenic and diabetes mellitus: a putative role for the immune system

References

• Abdul KS, Jayasinghe SS, Chandana EP, Jayasumana C, De Silva PM. 2015. Arsenic and human health effects: a review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 40(3):828–846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed S, Mahabbat-e Khoda S, Rekha RS, Gardner RM, Ameer SS, Moore S, Ekstrom EC, Vahter M, Raqib R. 2011. Arsenic-associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune disruption in human placenta and cord blood. Environ Health Perspect. 119(2):258–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal A. 2011. Endocrine disruptors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 7(6):346–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashley-Martin J, Dodds L, Arbuckle TE, Bouchard MF, Shapiro GD, Fisher M, Monnier P, Morisset AS, Ettinger AS. 2018. Association between maternal urinary speciated arsenic concentrations and gestational diabetes in a cohort of Canadian women. Environ Int. 121(Pt 1):714–720.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ATSDR. 2007. Toxicological profile for arsenic. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services.
   Google Scholar
• Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Kees M, Gisslinger H. 2002. Arsenic trioxide: acute promyelocytic leukemia and beyond. Leuk Lymphoma. 43(8):1535–1540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahadar H, Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. 2014. Growing burden of diabetes in Pakistan and the possible role of arsenic and pesticides. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 13(1):117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bahari A, Salmani V. 2017. Environmentally relevant dose of arsenic interferes in functions of human monocytes derived dendritic cells. Toxicol Lett. 275:118–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baj G, Arnulfo A, Deaglio S, Mallone R, Vigone A, De Cesaris MG, Surico N, Malavasi F, Ferrero E. 2002. Arsenic trioxide and breast cancer: analysis of the apoptotic, differentiative and immunomodulatory effects. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 73(1):61–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballak DB, Stienstra R, Tack CJ, Dinarello CA, van Diepen JA. 2015. IL-1 family members in the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic disease: focus on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Cytokine. 75(2):280–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee N, Banerjee S, Sen R, Bandyopadhyay A, Sarma N, Majumder P, Das JK, Chatterjee M, Kabir SN, Giri AK. 2009. Chronic arsenic exposure impairs macrophage functions in the exposed individuals. J Clin Immunol. 29(5):582–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams D. 2009. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 373(9677):1773–1779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berbudi A, Rahmadika N, Tjahjadi AI, Ruslami R. 2020. Type 2 diabetes and its impact on the immune system. Curr Diabetes Rev. 16(5):442–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya S. 2017. Medicinal plants and natural products in amelioration of arsenic toxicity: a short review. Pharm Biol. 55(1):349–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishayi B, Sengupta M. 2003. Intracellular survival of Staphylococcus aureus due to alteration of cellular activity in arsenic and lead intoxicated mature Swiss albino mice. Toxicology. 184(1):31–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas R, Ghosh P, Banerjee N, Das JK, Sau T, Banerjee A, Roy S, Ganguly S, Chatterjee M, Mukherjee A, Giri AK. 2008. Analysis of T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in the individuals exposed to arsenic. Hum Exp Toxicol. 27(5):381–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaventura MM, Bourguignon NS, Bizzozzero M, Rodriguez D, Ventura C, Cocca C, Libertun C, Lux-Lantos VA. 2017. Arsenite in drinking water produces glucose intolerance in pregnant rats and their female offspring. Food Chem Toxicol. 100:207–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brauner EV, Nordsborg RB, Andersen ZJ, Tjonneland A, Loft S, Raaschou-Nielsen O. 2014. Long-term exposure to low-level arsenic in drinking water and diabetes incidence: a prospective study of the diet, cancer and health cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 122(10):1059–1065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown C. 2015. Arsenic exposure linked to diabetes risk in Canada. CMAJ. 187(15):E438–E439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burchiel SW, Mitchell LA, Lauer FT, Sun X, McDonald JD, Hudson LG, Liu KJ. 2009. Immunotoxicity and biodistribution analysis of arsenic trioxide in C57Bl/6 mice following a 2-week inhalation exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 241(3):253–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butalia S, Kaplan GG, Khokhar B, Rabi DM. 2016. Environmental risk factors and type 1 diabetes: past, present, and future. Can J Diabetes. 40(6):586–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardenas A, Smit E, Welch BM, Bethel J, Kile ML. 2018. Cross sectional association of arsenic and seroprevalence of hepatitis B infection in the United States (NHANES 2003–2014). Environ Res. 166:570–576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castriota F, Acevedo J, Ferreccio C, Smith AH, Liaw J, Smith MT, Steinmaus C. 2018. Obesity and increased susceptibility to arsenic-related type 2 diabetes in Northern Chile. Environ Res. 167:248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. 2022. National diabetes statistics report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborty D, Mukherjee A, Sikdar S, Paul A, Ghosh S, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. 2012. [6]-Gingerol isolated from ginger attenuates sodium arsenite induced oxidative stress and plays a corrective role in improving insulin signaling in mice. Toxicol Lett. 210(1):34–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang D, Xu H, Rebaza A, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS. 2020. Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection. Lancet Respir Med. 8(3):e13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G, Mao J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li T, Wang C, Xu L, Hu Q, Wang X, Jiang S, et al. 2016. Arsenic trioxide mediates HAPI microglia inflammatory response and the secretion of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 via Akt/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 81:480–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Han YH, Cao Y, Zhu YG, Rathinasabapathi B, Ma LQ. 2017. Arsenic transport in rice and biological solutions to reduce arsenic risk from rice. Front Plant Sci. 8:268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YW, Yang CY, Huang CF, Hung DZ, Leung YM, Liu SH. 2009. Heavy metals, islet function and diabetes development. Islets. 1(3):169–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark M, Kroger CJ, Tisch RM. 2017. Type 1 diabetes: a chronic anti-self-inflammatory response. Front Immunol. 8:1898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corsini E, Asti L, Viviani B, Marinovich M, Galli CL. 1999. Sodium arsenate induces overproduction of interleukin-1alpha in murine keratinocytes: role of mitochondria. J Invest Dermatol. 113(5):760–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currier JM, Ishida MC, Gonzalez-Horta C, Sanchez-Ramirez B, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Gutierrez-Torres DS, Ceron RH, Morales DV, Terrazas FA, Del Razo LM, et al. 2014. Associations between arsenic species in exfoliated urothelial cells and prevalence of diabetes among residents of Chihuahua, Mexico. Environ Health Perspect. 122(10):1088–1094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabelea D, Mayer-Davis EJ, Lamichhane AP, D'Agostino, Jr. RB, Liese AD, Vehik KS, Narayan KM, Zeitler P, Hamman RF. 2008. Association of intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and obesity with type 2 diabetes in youth: the SEARCH Case-Control Study. Diabetes Care. 31(7):1422–1426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dangleben NL, Skibola CF, Smith MT. 2013. Arsenic immunotoxicity: a review. Environ Health. 12(1):73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das D, Bindhani B, Mukherjee B, Saha H, Biswas P, Dutta K, Prasad P, Sinha D, Ray MR. 2014. Chronic low-level arsenic exposure reduces lung function in male population without skin lesions. Int J Public Health. 59(4):655–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das N, Paul S, Chatterjee D, Banerjee N, Majumder NS, Sarma N, Sau TJ, Basu S, Banerjee S, Majumder P, et al. 2012. Arsenic exposure through drinking water increases the risk of liver and cardiovascular diseases in the population of West Bengal, India. BMC Public Health. 12:639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva Rosa SC, Nayak N, Caymo AM, Gordon JW. 2020. Mechanisms of muscle insulin resistance and the cross-talk with liver and adipose tissue. Physiol Rep. 8(19):e14607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasu MR, Devaraj S, Jialal I. 2007. High glucose induces IL-1beta expression in human monocytes: mechanistic insights. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 293(1):E337–E346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasu MR, Devaraj S, Zhao L, Hwang DH, Jialal I. 2008. High glucose induces toll-like receptor expression in human monocytes: mechanism of activation. Diabetes. 57(11):3090–3098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Goffau MC, Fuentes S, van den Bogert B, Honkanen H, de Vos WM, Welling GW, Hyoty H, Harmsen HJ. 2014. Aberrant gut microbiota composition at the onset of type 1 diabetes in young children. Diabetologia. 57(8):1569–1577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey U, Chatterjee S, Mondal NK. 2016. Isolation and characterization of arsenic-resistant bacteria and possible application in bioremediation. Biotechnol Rep. 10:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Diaz-Villasenor A, Burns AL, Salazar AM, Sordo M, Hiriart M, Cebrian ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P. 2008. Arsenite reduces insulin secretion in rat pancreatic beta-cells by decreasing the calcium-dependent calpain-10 proteolysis of SNAP-25. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 231(3):291–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Villasenor A, Hiriart M, Cebrian ME, Zacarias-Castillo R, Ostrosky-Wegman P. 2008. The activity of calpains in lymphocytes is glucose-dependent and is decreased in diabetic patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 40(3):414–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Villasenor A, Sanchez-Soto MC, Cebrian ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Hiriart M. 2006. Sodium arsenite impairs insulin secretion and transcription in pancreatic beta-cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 214(1):30–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong X, Shulzhenko N, Lemaitre J, Greer RL, Peremyslova K, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Hasan OS, Joya SA, Golam M, et al. 2017. Arsenic exposure and intestinal microbiota in children from Sirajdikhan, Bangladesh. PLoS One. 12(12):e0188487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douillet C, Currier J, Saunders J, Bodnar WM, Matousek T, Styblo M. 2013. Methylated trivalent arsenicals are potent inhibitors of glucose stimulated insulin secretion by murine pancreatic islets. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 267(1):11–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan X, Li J, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao L, Nie H, Sun G, Li B. 2015. Activation of NRF2 pathway in spleen, thymus as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells by acute arsenic exposure in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 28(2):1059–1067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta K, Prasad P, Sinha D. 2015. Chronic low level arsenic exposure evokes inflammatory responses and DNA damage. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 218(6):564–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar J, Varela-Nallar L, Coddou C, Nelson P, Maisey K, Valdes D, Aspee A, Espinosa V, Rozas C, Montoya M, et al. 2010. Oxidative damage in lymphocytes of copper smelter workers correlated to higher levels of excreted arsenic. Mediators Inflamm. 2010:403830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evangelou E, Ntritsos G, Chondrogiorgi M, Kavvoura FK, Hernandez AF, Ntzani EE, Tzoulaki I. 2016. Exposure to pesticides and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int. 91:60–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farzan SF, Gossai A, Chen Y, Chasan-Taber L, Baker E, Karagas M. 2016. Maternal arsenic exposure and gestational diabetes and glucose intolerance in the New Hampshire birth cohort study. Environ Health. 15(1):106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farzan SF, Li Z, Korrick SA, Spiegelman D, Enelow R, Nadeau K, Baker E, Karagas MR. 2016. Infant infections and respiratory symptoms in relation to in utero arsenic exposure in a U.S. cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 124(6):840–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatima N, Faisal SM, Zubair S, Ajmal M, Siddiqui SS, Moin S, Owais M. 2016. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and biochemical markers in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: correlation with age and glycemic condition in diabetic human subjects. PLoS One. 11(8):e0161548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara F, Molica M, Bernardi M. 2021. Drug treatment options for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 23:117–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortier H, Gies V, Variola F, Wang C, Zou S. 2020. Probing arsenic trioxide (ATO) treated leukemia cell elasticities using atomic force microscopy. Anal Methods. 12(39):4734–4741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman JE, Yun JS, Patel YM, McGrane MM, Hanson RW. 1993. Glucocorticoids regulate the induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription during diabetes. J Biol Chem. 268(17):12952–12957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu J, Woods CG, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Zhang Q, Wong V, Collins S, Sun G, Andersen ME, Pi J. 2010. Low-level arsenic impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells: involvement of cellular adaptive response to oxidative stress. Environ Health Perspect. 118(6):864–870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel A, Spitz DR, Weiner GJ. 2012. Manipulation of cellular redox parameters for improving therapeutic responses in B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. J Cell Biochem. 113(2):419–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman RH. 2020. Arsenic exposure and poisoning. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arsenic-exposure-and-poisoning.
   Google Scholar
• Grandl G, Wolfrum C. 2017. Hemostasis, endothelial stress, inflammation, and the metabolic syndrome. Semin Immunopathol. 40:215–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grau-Perez M, Kuo CC, Spratlen M, Thayer KA, Mendez MA, Hamman RF, Dabelea D, Adgate JL, Knowler WC, Bell RA, et al. 2017. The association of arsenic exposure and metabolism with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in youth: the SEARCH Case-Control Study. Diabetes Care. 40(1):46–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunnet LG, Mandrup-Poulsen T. 2011. Cytokines and type 1 diabetes: a numbers game. Diabetes. 60(3):697–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, Liu XQ, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, et al. 2020. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 55(5):2000547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, et al. 2020. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 382(18):1708–1720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Tian C, Qin R, Wang H, Shen Y, Du K, et al. 2020. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 36:3319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton JW, Kaltreider RC, Bajenova OV, Ihnat MA, McCaffrey J, Turpie BW, Rowell EE, Oh J, Nemeth MJ, Pesce CA, Lariviere JP. 1998. Molecular basis for effects of carcinogenic heavy metals on inducible gene expression. Environ Health Perspect. 106(Suppl 4):1005–1015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrison MT, McCoy KL. 2001. Immunosuppression by arsenic: a comparison of cathepsin L inhibition and apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 1(4):647–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang CF, Yang CY, Chan DC, Wang CC, Huang KH, Wu CC, Tsai KS, Yang RS, Liu SH. 2015. Arsenic exposure and glucose intolerance/insulin resistance in estrogen-deficient female mice. Environ Health Perspect. 123(11):1138–1144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang JW, Cheng YY, Sung TC, Guo HR, Sthiannopkao S. 2014. Association between arsenic exposure and diabetes mellitus in Cambodia. Biomed Res Int. 2014:683124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izquierdo-Vega JA, Soto CA, Sanchez-Pena LC, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Del Razo LM. 2006. Diabetogenic effects and pancreatic oxidative damage in rats subchronically exposed to arsenite. Toxicol Lett. 160(2):135–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javaid A, Akbar I, Javed H, Khan U, Iftikhar H, Zahra D, Rashid F, Ashfaq UA. 2021. Role of heavy metals in diabetes: mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 31(3):65–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo JH, Kang H, Lee HS, Chung MJ, Park JY, Bang S, Park SW, Song SY. 2019. KML001, an arsenic compound, as salvage chemotherapy in refractory biliary tract cancers: a prospective study. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 18(1):62–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jomova K, Jenisova Z, Feszterova M, Baros S, Liska J, Hudecova D, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. 2011. Arsenic: toxicity, oxidative stress and human disease. J Appl Toxicol. 31(2):95–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaleem A, Javed S, Rehman N, Abdullah R, Iqtedar M, Aftab MN, Hoessli DC, Haq IU. 2021. Phosphorylated and O-GlcNAc modified IRS-1 (Ser1101) and -2 (Ser1149) contribute to human diabetes type II. Protein Pept Lett. 28(3):333–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushal A, Zhang H, Karmaus WJJ, Everson TM, Marsit CJ, Karagas MR, Tsai SF, Wen HJ, Wang SL. 2017. Genome-wide DNA methylation at birth in relation to in utero arsenic exposure and the associated health in later life. Environ Health. 16(1):50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelstrup L, Damm P, Mathiesen ER, Hansen T, Vaag AA, Pedersen O, Clausen TD. 2013. Insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic beta-cell function in adult offspring of women with diabetes in pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 98(9):3793–3801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesavan M, Sarath TS, Kannan K, Suresh S, Gupta P, Vijayakaran K, Sankar P, Kurade NP, Mishra SK, Sarkar SN. 2014. Atorvastatin restores arsenic-induced vascular dysfunction in rats: modulation of nitric oxide signaling and inflammatory mediators. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 280(1):107–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana A, Tekula S, Godugu C. 2018. Nanoceria suppresses multiple low doses of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes by inhibition of Nrf2/NF-kappaB pathway and reduction of apoptosis. Nanomedicine. 13(15):1905–1922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenen TB, Stienstra R, van Tits LJ, de Graaf J, Stalenhoef AF, Joosten LA, Tack CJ, Netea MG. 2011. Hyperglycemia activates caspase-1 and TXNIP-mediated IL-1beta transcription in human adipose tissue. Diabetes. 60(2):517–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozul CD, Ely KH, Enelow RI, Hamilton JW. 2009. Low-dose arsenic compromises the immune response to influenza A infection in vivo. Environ Health Perspect. 117(9):1441–1447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kritharis A, Bradley TP, Budman DR. 2013. The evolving use of arsenic in pharmacotherapy of malignant disease. Ann Hematol. 92(6):719–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupoff M, Mobarak AM, van Geen A. 2020. Evaluating strategies to reduce arsenic poisoning in South Asia: a view from the social sciences. Asian Dev Rev. 37(2):21–44.
   Google Scholar
• Lagathu C, Bastard JP, Auclair M, Maachi M, Capeau J, Caron M. 2003. Chronic interleukin-6 (IL-6) treatment increased IL-6 secretion and induced insulin resistance in adipocyte: prevention by rosiglitazone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 311(2):372–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai PY, Cottingham KL, Steinmaus C, Karagas MR, Miller MD. 2015. Arsenic and rice: translating research to address health care providers’ needs. J Pediatr. 167(4):797–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang M, Wang X, Wang H, Dong J, Lan C, Hao J, Huang C, Li X, Yu M, Yang Y, et al. 2016. Arsenic trioxide plus PX-478 achieves effective treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett. 378(2):87–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemarie A, Morzadec C, Bourdonnay E, Fardel O, Vernhet L. 2006. Human macrophages constitute targets for immunotoxic inorganic arsenic. J Immunol. 177(5):3019–3027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Roith D, Zick Y. 2001. Recent advances in our understanding of insulin action and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care. 24(3):588–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Xu J, Li F, Chaudhary SC, Weng Z, Wen J, Elmets CA, Ahsan H, Athar M. 2011. Unfolded protein response signaling and MAP kinase pathways underlie pathogenesis of arsenic-induced cutaneous inflammation. Cancer Prev Res. 4(12):2101–2109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Yang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Zhu X, Zeng X. 2021. Changes induced by chronic exposure to high arsenic concentrations in the intestine and its microenvironment. Toxicology. 456:152767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Guo Y, Duan X, Li B. 2021. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) assists inorganic arsenic-induced immune tolerance in murine dendritic cells. Chemosphere. 264(Pt 2):128452.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li JJ, Tang Q, Li Y, Hu BR, Ming ZY, Fu Q, Qian JQ, Xiang JZ. 2006. Role of oxidative stress in the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by combination of arsenic trioxide and ascorbic acid. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 27(8):1078–1084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Eguchi N, Lau H, Ichii H. 2020. The role of the Nrf2 signaling in obesity and insulin resistance. Int J Mol Sci. 21(18):6973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling S, Shan Q, Liu P, Feng T, Zhang X, Xiang P, Chen K, Xie H, Song P, Zhou L, et al. 2017. Metformin ameliorates arsenic trioxide hepatotoxicity via inhibiting mitochondrial complex I. Cell Death Dis. 8(11):e3159.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu S, Guo X, Wu B, Yu H, Zhang X, Li M. 2014. Arsenic induces diabetic effects through beta-cell dysfunction and increased gluconeogenesis in mice. Sci Rep. 4:6894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Sun Q, Wang F, Zhang L, Song Y, Xi S, Sun G. 2014. Arsenic induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines based on the human urothelial cell model in vitro and urinary secretion of individuals chronically exposed to arsenic. Chem Res Toxicol. 27(11):1934–1942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Qi Y, Huang D, Zhang Y. 2011. Arsenic trioxide inhibits invasion/migration in SGC-7901 cells by activating the reactive oxygen species-dependent cyclooxygenase-2/matrix metalloproteinase-2 pathway. Exp Biol Med. 236(5):592–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu K, Abo RP, Schlieper KA, Graffam ME, Levine S, Wishnok JS, Swenberg JA, Tannenbaum SR, Fox JG. 2014. Arsenic exposure perturbs the gut microbiome and its metabolic profile in mice: an integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 122(3):284–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu TH, Su CC, Chen YW, Yang CY, Wu CC, Hung DZ, Chen CH, Cheng PW, Liu SH, Huang CF. 2011. Arsenic induces pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis via the oxidative stress-regulated mitochondria-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered signaling pathways. Toxicol Lett. 201(1):15–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu X, Luo F, Liu Y, Zhang A, Li J, Wang B, Xu W, Shi L, Liu X, Lu L, Liu Q. 2015. The IL-6/STAT3 pathway via miR-21 is involved in the neoplastic and metastatic properties of arsenite-transformed human keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett. 237(3):191–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo F, Xu Y, Ling M, Zhao Y, Xu W, Liang X, Jiang R, Wang B, Bian Q, Liu Q. 2013. Arsenite evokes IL-6 secretion, autocrine regulation of STAT3 signaling, and miR-21 expression, processes involved in the EMT and malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 273(1):27–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macoch M, Morzadec C, Fardel O, Vernhet L. 2013. Inorganic arsenic impairs differentiation and functions of human dendritic cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 266(2):204–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macoch M, Morzadec C, Genard R, Pallardy M, Kerdine-Romer S, Fardel O, Vernhet L. 2015. Nrf2-dependent repression of interleukin-12 expression in human dendritic cells exposed to inorganic arsenic. Free Radic Biol Med. 88(Pt B):381–390.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin E, Gonzalez-Horta C, Rager J, Bailey KA, Sanchez-Ramirez B, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Ishida MC, Gutierrez-Torres DS, Hernandez Ceron R, Viniegra Morales D, et al. 2015. Metabolomic characteristics of arsenic-associated diabetes in a prospective cohort in Chihuahua, Mexico. Toxicol Sci. 144(2):338–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin EM, Styblo M, Fry RC. 2017. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying arsenic-associated diabetes mellitus: a perspective of the current evidence. Epigenomics. 9(5):701–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Chouly C, Morzadec C, Bonvalet M, Galibert MD, Fardel O, Vernhet L. 2011. Inorganic arsenic alters expression of immune and stress response genes in activated primary human T lymphocytes. Mol Immunol. 48(6-7):956–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Castillo M, Garcia-Montalvo EA, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Sanchez-Pena LDC, Soria Jasso LE, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Valenzuela OL, Hernandez-Zavala A. 2021. Arsenic exposure and non-carcinogenic health effects. Hum Exp Toxicol. 40(12_suppl):S826–S850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maull EA, Ahsan H, Edwards J, Longnecker MP, Navas-Acien A, Pi J, Silbergeld EK, Styblo M, Tseng CH, Thayer KA, Loomis D. 2012. Evaluation of the association between arsenic and diabetes: a national toxicology program workshop review. Environ Health Perspect. 120(12):1658–1670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazumder DN, Haque R, Ghosh N, De BK, Santra A, Chakraborti D, Smith AH. 2000. Arsenic in drinking water and the prevalence of respiratory effects in West Bengal, India. Int J Epidemiol. 29(6):1047–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medina S, Lauer FT, Castillo EF, Bolt AM, Ali AS, Liu KJ, Burchiel SW. 2020. Exposures to uranium and arsenic alter intraepithelial and innate immune cells in the small intestine of male and female mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 403:115155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng ZQ, Meng NY. 2000. Effects of arsenic on blast transformation and DNA synthesis of human blood lymphocytes. Chemosphere. 41(1–2):115–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MD, Marty MA, Arcus A, Brown J, Morry D, Sandy M. 2002. Differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment at California EPA. Int J Toxicol. 21(5):403–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Jimenez E, Meharg AA, Smolders E, Manzano R, Becerra D, Sanchez-Llerena J, Albarran A, Lopez-Pinero A. 2014. Sprinkler irrigation of rice fields reduces grain arsenic but enhances cadmium. Sci Total Environ. 485–486:468–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muniyappa R, Gubbi S. 2020. COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 318(5):E736–E741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muoio DM, Newgard CB. 2008. Mechanisms of disease: molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9(3):193–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadeau KC, Li Z, Farzan S, Koestler D, Robbins D, Fei DL, Malipatlolla M, Maecker H, Enelow R, Korrick S, Karagas MR. 2014. In utero arsenic exposure and fetal immune repertoire in a US pregnancy cohort. Clin Immunol. 155(2):188–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navas-Acien A, Silbergeld EK, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E. 2008. Arsenic exposure and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in US adults. JAMA. 300(7):814–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. 2020. Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 323(18):1775–1776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oremland RS, Stolz JF. 2005. Arsenic, microbes and contaminated aquifers. Trends Microbiol. 13(2):45–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padmaja Divya S, Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Vinod Roy R, Andrew Hitron J, Kim D, Dai J, Wang L, Asha P, Huang B, et al. 2015. Arsenic induces insulin resistance in mouse adipocytes and myotubes via oxidative stress-regulated mitochondrial Sirt3-FOXO3a signaling pathway. Toxicol Sci. 146(2):290–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal D, Dasgupta S, Kundu R, Maitra S, Das G, Mukhopadhyay S, Ray S, Majumdar SS, Bhattacharya S. 2012. Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance. Nat Med. 18(8):1279–1285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal R, Bhadada SK. 2020. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: an unholy interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 14(4):513–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan X, Jiang L, Zhong L, Geng C, Jia L, Liu S, Guan H, Yang G, Yao X, Piao F, Sun X. 2016. Arsenic induces apoptosis by the lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway in INS-1 cells. Environ Toxicol. 31(2):133–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paret C, Russo A, Otto H, Mayer A, Zahnreich S, Wagner W, Samuel D, Scharnhorst D, Solomon DA, Dhall G, et al. 2017. Personalized therapy: CNS HGNET-BCOR responsiveness to arsenic trioxide combined with radiotherapy. Oncotarget. 8(69):114210–114225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parvez F, Akhtar E, Khan L, Haq MA, Islam T, Ahmed D, Eunus HM, Hasan AR, Ahsan H, Graziano JH, Raqib R. 2019. Exposure to low-dose arsenic in early life alters innate immune function in children. J Immunotoxicol. 16(1):201–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul DS, Devesa V, Hernandez-Zavala A, Adair BM, Walton FS, Drobna Z, Thomas DJ, Styblo M. 2008. Environmental arsenic as a disruptor of insulin signaling. Met Ions Biol Med. 10:1–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paul DS, Harmon AW, Devesa V, Thomas DJ, Styblo M. 2007. Molecular mechanisms of the diabetogenic effects of arsenic: inhibition of insulin signaling by arsenite and methylarsonous acid. Environ Health Perspect. 115(5):734–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul SK, Islam MS, Hasibuzzaman MM, Hossain F, Anjum A, Saud ZA, Haque MM, Sultana P, Haque A, Andric KB, et al. 2019. Higher risk of hyperglycemia with greater susceptibility in females in chronic arsenic-exposed individuals in Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ. 668:1004–1012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrini S, Sordi V, Bolla AM, Saita D, Ferrarese R, Canducci F, Clementi M, Invernizzi F, Mariani A, Bonfanti R, et al. 2017. Duodenal mucosa of patients with type 1 diabetes shows distinctive inflammatory profile and microbiota. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 102(5):1468–1477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng S, Liu L, Zhang X, Heinrich J, Zhang J, Schramm KW, Huang Q, Tian M, Eqani SA, Shen H. 2015. A nested case-control study indicating heavy metal residues in meconium associate with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus risk. Environ Health. 14:19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pi J, Zhang Q, Fu J, Woods CG, Hou Y, Corkey BE, Collins S, Andersen ME. 2010. ROS signaling, oxidative stress and Nrf2 in pancreatic beta-cell function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 244(1):77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prajapati V, Kale RK, Singh RP. 2011. Arsenic and its combinations in cancer therapeutics. Ther Deliv. 2(6):793–806.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prasad P, Sinha D. 2017. Low-level arsenic causes chronic inflammation and suppresses expression of phagocytic receptors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 24(12):11708–11721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rager JE, Bailey KA, Smeester L, Miller SK, Parker JS, Laine JE, Drobna Z, Currier J, Douillet C, Olshan AF, et al. 2014. Prenatal arsenic exposure and the epigenome: altered microRNAs associated with innate and adaptive immune signaling in newborn cord blood. Environ Mol Mutagen. 55(3):196–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman A, Vahter M, Ekstrom EC, Persson LA. 2011. Arsenic exposure in pregnancy increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infection and diarrhea during infancy in Bangladesh. Environ Health Perspect. 119(5):719–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman M, Axelson O. 1995. Diabetes mellitus and arsenic exposure: a second look at case-control data from a Swedish copper smelter. Occup Environ Med. 52(11):773–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman M, Wingren G, Axelson O. 1996. Diabetes mellitus among Swedish art glass workers – an effect of arsenic exposure? Scand J Work Environ Health. 22(2):146–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey KA, Bosco A, McKenna KL, Carter KW, Elliot JG, Berry LJ, Sly PD, Larcombe AN, Zosky GR. 2013. In utero exposure to arsenic alters lung development and genes related to immune and mucociliary function in mice. Environ Health Perspect. 121(2):244–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey KA, Foong RE, Sly PD, Larcombe AN, Zosky GR. 2013. Early life arsenic exposure and acute and long-term responses to influenza A infection in mice. Environ Health Perspect. 121(10):1187–1193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raqib R, Ahmed S, Sultana R, Wagatsuma Y, Mondal D, Hoque AM, Nermell B, Yunus M, Roy S, Persson LA, et al. 2009. Effects of in utero arsenic exposure on child immunity and morbidity in rural Bangladesh. Toxicol Lett. 185(3):197–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rewers M, Ludvigsson J. 2016. Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 387(10035):2340–2348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojewski MT, Korper S, Schrezenmeier H. 2004. Arsenic trioxide therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia and beyond: from bench to bedside. Leuk Lymphoma. 45(12):2387–2401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotter V, Nagaev I, Smith U. 2003. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is, like IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, overexpressed in human fat cells from insulin-resistant subjects. J Biol Chem. 278(46):45777–45784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmeri N, Villanacci R, Ottolina J, Bartiromo L, Cavoretto P, Dolci C, Lembo R, Schimberni M, Valsecchi L, Vigano P, Candiani M. 2020. Maternal arsenic exposure and gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 12(10):3094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanyal T, Bhattacharjee P, Paul S, Bhattacharjee P. 2020. Recent advances in arsenic research: significance of differential susceptibility and sustainable strategies for mitigation. Front Public Health. 8:464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Younis K, Desai P, Hosein Z, Padda I, Mangat J, Altaf M. 2020. Comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med. 2(8):1069–1076.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Savabieasfahani M, Lochmiller RL, Rafferty DP, Sinclair JA. 1998. Sensitivity of wild cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) to the immunotoxic effects of low-level arsenic exposure. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 34(3):289–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahid M, Niazi NK, Dumat C, Naidu R, Khalid S, Rahman MM, Bibi I. 2018. A meta-analysis of the distribution, sources and health risks of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Pakistan. Environ Pollut. 242(Pt A):307–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu CJ, Benoist C, Mathis D. 2012. The immune system's involvement in obesity-driven type 2 diabetes. Semin Immunol. 24(6):436–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha D, Mukherjee B, Bindhani B, Dutta K, Saha H, Prasad P, Ray MR. 2014. Chronic low level arsenic exposure inflicts pulmonary and systemic inflammation. J Cancer Sci Ther. 6(3):62–69.
   Google Scholar
• Smedley PL, Kinniburgh DG. 2002. A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl Geochem. 17(5):517–568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AH, Marshall G, Yuan Y, Ferreccio C, Liaw J, von Ehrenstein O, Steinmaus C, Bates MN, Selvin S. 2006. Increased mortality from lung cancer and bronchiectasis in young adults after exposure to arsenic in utero and in early childhood. Environ Health Perspect. 114(8):1293–1296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AH, Marshall G, Yuan Y, Liaw J, Ferreccio C, Steinmaus C. 2011. Evidence from Chile that arsenic in drinking water may increase mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Epidemiol. 173(4):414–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soto-Pena GA, Luna AL, Acosta-Saavedra L, Conde P, Lopez-Carrillo L, Cebrian ME, Bastida M, Calderon-Aranda ES, Vega L. 2006. Assessment of lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine secretion in children exposed to arsenic. FASEB J. 20(6):779–781.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soto-Pena GA, Vega L. 2008. Arsenic interferes with the signaling transduction pathway of T cell receptor activation by increasing basal and induced phosphorylation of Lck and Fyn in spleen cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 230(2):216–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava S, Vladykovskaya EN, Haberzettl P, Sithu SD, D'Souza SE, States JC. 2009. Arsenic exacerbates atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammation in ApoE-/-mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 241(1):90–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• States JC, Singh AV, Knudsen TB, Rouchka EC, Ngalame NO, Arteel GE, Piao Y, Ko MS. 2012. Prenatal arsenic exposure alters gene expression in the adult liver to a proinflammatory state contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis. PLoS One. 7(6):e38713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straif K, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Baan R, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Guha N, Freeman C, Galichet L, Cogliano V. 2009. A review of human carcinogens–part C: metals, arsenic, dusts, and fibres. Lancet Oncol. 10(5):453–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straub AC, Stolz DB, Vin H, Ross MA, Soucy NV, Klei LR, Barchowsky A. 2007. Low level arsenic promotes progressive inflammatory angiogenesis and liver blood vessel remodeling in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 222(3):327–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sultan SA, Liu W, Peng Y, Roberts W, Whitelaw D, Graham AM. 2015. The role of maternal gestational diabetes in inducing fetal endothelial dysfunction. J Cell Physiol. 230(11):2695–2705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung TC, Huang JW, Guo HR. 2015. Association between arsenic exposure and diabetes: a meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2015:368087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai TL, Lei WT, Kuo CC, Sun HL, Su PH, Wang SL. 2021. Maternal and childhood exposure to inorganic arsenic and airway allergy – a 15-year birth cohort follow-up study. Environ Int. 146:106243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng CH. 2004. The potential biological mechanisms of arsenic-induced diabetes mellitus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 197(2):67–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatanen T, Franzosa EA, Schwager R, Tripathi S, Arthur TD, Vehik K, Lernmark A, Hagopian WA, Rewers MJ, She JX, et al. 2018. The human gut microbiome in early-onset type 1 diabetes from the TEDDY study. Nature. 562(7728):589–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton FS, Harmon AW, Paul DS, Drobna Z, Patel YM, Styblo M. 2004. Inhibition of insulin-dependent glucose uptake by trivalent arsenicals: possible mechanism of arsenic-induced diabetes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 198(3):424–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Xie Z, Lin Y, Zhang D. 2014. Association of inorganic arsenic exposure with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 68(2):176–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Gao D, Zhang G, Zhang X, Li Q, Gao Q, Chen R, Xu S, Huang L, Zhang Y, et al. 2020. Exposure to multiple metals in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. Environ Int. 135:105370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Zhang P, Chen X, Wu W, Feng Y, Yang H, Li M, Xie B, Guo P, Warren JL, et al. 2019. Multiple metal concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus in Taiyuan, China. Chemosphere. 237:124412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2006. Arsenic mitigation for safe groundwater.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2022. Diabetes. World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Wu MM, Chiou HY, Ho IC, Chen CJ, Lee TC. 2003. Gene expression of inflammatory molecules in circulating lymphocytes from arsenic-exposed human subjects. Environ Health Perspect. 111(11):1429–1438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu W, Yao X, Jiang L, Zhang Q, Bai J, Qiu T, Yang L, Gao N, Yang G, Liu X, et al. 2018. Pancreatic islet-autonomous effect of arsenic on insulin secretion through endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy pathway. Food Chem Toxicol. 111:19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu H, Wang X, Wang W. 2018. Functional suppression of macrophages derived from THP-1 cells by environmentally-relevant concentrations of arsenite. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 214:36–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu XY, McGrath SP, Meharg AA, Zhao FJ. 2008. Growing rice aerobically markedly decreases arsenic accumulation. Environ Sci Technol. 42(15):5574–5579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue P, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Woods CG, Yarborough K, Liu H, Sun G, Andersen ME, Pi J. 2011. Prolonged inorganic arsenite exposure suppresses insulin-stimulated AKT S473 phosphorylation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: involvement of the adaptive antioxidant response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 407(2):360–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan LJ. 2014. Pathogenesis of chronic hyperglycemia: from reductive stress to oxidative stress. J Diabetes Res. 2014:137919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan N, Xu G, Zhang C, Liu X, Li X, Sun L, Wang D, Duan X, Li B. 2020. Chronic arsenic exposure induces the time-dependent modulation of inflammation and immunosuppression in spleen. Cell Biosci. 10:91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan S, Zhang QY, Zhou B, Xue L, Chen H, Wang Y, Zheng SS. 2009. Arsenic trioxide attenuated the rejection of major histocompatibility complex fully-mismatched cardiac allografts in mice. Transplant Proc. 41(5):1855–1858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang A, Liu S, Cheng N, Pu H, Dai M, Ding J, Li J, Li H, Hu X, Ren X, et al. 2017. Multiple metals exposure, elevated blood glucose and dysglycemia among Chinese occupational workers. J Diabetes Complications. 31(1):101–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang B, Fu J, Zheng H, Xue P, Yarborough K, Woods CG, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Andersen ME, Pi J. 2012. Deficiency in the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 renders pancreatic beta-cells vulnerable to arsenic-induced cell damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 264(3):315–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Fang M, et al. 2020. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 8(5):475–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao XF, Zheng BL, Bai J, Jiang LP, Zheng Y, Qi BX, Geng CY, Zhong LF, Yang G, Chen M, et al. 2015. Low-level sodium arsenite induces apoptosis through inhibiting TrxR activity in pancreatic beta-cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 40(2):486–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen CC, Lu FJ, Huang CF, Chen WK, Liu SH, Lin-Shiau SY. 2007. The diabetogenic effects of the combination of humic acid and arsenic: in vitro and in vivo studies. Toxicol Lett. 172(3):91–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon JW, Jun HS. 2005. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Am J Ther. 12(6):580–591.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang W, Li C, Zhang Z. 2018. Double-sided personality: effects of arsenic trioxide on inflammation. Inflammation. 41(4):1128–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Cai Y, Meng C, Ding X, Huang J, Luo X, Cao Y, Gao F, Zou M. 2021. The role of the microbiome in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 172:108645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao B, Xia JJ, Wang LM, Gao C, Li JL, Liu JY, Cheng QJ, Dai C, Ma QL, Qi ZQ, Zhao BH. 2018. Immunosuppressive effect of arsenic trioxide on islet xenotransplantation prolongs xenograft survival in mice. Cell Death Dis. 9(3):408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar