Drivers of smallholder farmers’ organic farming adoption and the organic share of the total cropland in Northern Ghana

References

• Adesope OM, Matthews-Njoku EC, Oguzor NS, Ugwuja VC. 2012. Effect of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on their adoption of organic farming practices. In: Sharma P, Abros V, editors. Crop Prod Technologies. Intech: Rijeka; p. 211–220.
   Google Scholar
• African Union. 2018. THE SALY 2018 DECLARATION ON ECOLOGICAL AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURE STRATEGIES FOR VIABLE CONTINENTAL AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AFRICAN UNION'S AGENDA 2063. Paper read at Declaration of the 4th African Organic Conference, November 5–8, 2018, Saly, Senegal, at Senegal.
   Google Scholar
• Agula C, Akudugu MA, Dittoh S, Mabe FN. 2018. Promoting sustainable agriculture in Africa through ecosystem-based farm management practices: evidence from Ghana. Agric Food Secur. 7(1):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Amemiya T. 1984. Tobit models: a survey. J Econom. 24(1–2):3–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amfo B, Ali EB. 2021. Beyond adoption: the interaction between organic and inorganic fertilizer application, and vegetable productivity in Ghana. Renewable AgricFood Syst. 36(6):605–621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amfo B, Ansah IGK, Donkoh SA. 2019. The effects of income and food safety perception on vegetable expenditure in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. J Agribusiness Dev Emerg Econ. 9(3):276–293. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-07-2018-0088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assibey-Yeboah S, Koomen I. 2019. Horticulture business opportunities in Ghana: 2019: Sector report 1: Wageningen University & Research.
   Google Scholar
• Avane A, Amfo B, Aidoo R, Mensah JO. 2021. Adoption of organic fertilizer for cocoa production in Ghana: perceptions and determinants. Afr J Sci Technol Innov Dev. 14(3):1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azam MS, Shaheen M. 2019. Decisional factors driving farmers to adopt organic farming in India: a cross-sectional study. Int J Soc Econ. 46(4):562–580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhagat PR, Magda R. 2021. Food security in the era of sustainable organic farming: a comparison between the Visegrad Group and India. Visegrad J Bioeconomy Sustain Dev. 10(1):14–18.
   Google Scholar
• Boateng VF, Amfo B, Abubakari AH, Yeboah OB. 2016. Do marketing margins determine local leafy vegetable marketing in the Tamale Metropolis? Afr J Bus Manage. 10(5):98–108.
   Google Scholar
• Boateng VF, Donkoh SA, Al-Hassan S. 2018. Output effect of organic vegetable production in the Northern Region Of Ghana. Ghana J Agric Econ Agribusiness. 1:64–94.
   Google Scholar
• Bugri JT, Yeboah E, Knapman C. 2017. Shifts in the landscape: increased pressure on rural land and livelihoods in Ghana. Briefing. IIED, London. http://pubs.iied.org/17355IIED.
   Google Scholar
• Bui HTM, Nguyen HTT. 2021. Factors influencing farmers’ decision to convert to organic tea cultivation in the mountainous areas of northern Vietnam. Organic Agric. 11(1):51–61.
   Google Scholar
• Burke WJ. 2009. Fitting and interpreting Cragg's Tobit alternative using Stata. Stata J. 9(4):584–592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakirli AN, Theuvsen L. 2020. The impact of behavioral drivers on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: the case of organic farming in Turkey. Sustainability. 12(17):6875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chagomoka T, Drescher A, Glaser R, Marschner B, Schlesinger J, Nyandoro G. 2015. Vegetable production, consumption, and its contribution to diets along the urban-rural continuum in Northern Ghana. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 15(4):10352–10367.
   Google Scholar
• Chatzimichael K, Genius M, Tzouvelekas V. 2014. Informational cascades and technology adoption: evidence from Greek and German organic growers. Food Policy. 49:186–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cragg JG. 1971. Some statistical models for limited dependent variables with application to the demand for durable goods. Econometrica: J Econ Soc. 39(5):829–844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Digal LN, Placencia SGP. 2019. Factors affecting the adoption of organic rice farming: the case of farmers in M’lang, North Cotabato, Philippines. Organic Agric. 9(2):199–210.
   Google Scholar
• Diiro GM. 2013. Impact of off-farm income on agricultural technology adoption intensity and productivity evidence from rural maize farmers in Uganda.
   Google Scholar
• Djokoto JG, Owusu V, Awunyo-Vitor D. 2016. Adoption of organic agriculture: evidence from cocoa farming in Ghana. Cogent Food & Agriculture. 2(1):1242181.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2021. European Green Deal: Commission presents actions to boost organic production: European Commission, 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. 2017. The future of food and agriculture – trends and challenges. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Haris M, Bahiah N, Garrod G, Gkartzios M, Proctor A. 2018. The Decision to Adopt Organic Practices in Malaysia; a Mix-method Approach.
   Google Scholar
• Hattam CE, Holloway GJ. 2005. Adoption of certified organic production: Evidence from Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Heckman JJ. 1979. Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica: J Econ Soc. 47(1):153–161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang HG. 2021. Determinants of adoption of organic rice production: a case of smallholder farmers in Hai Lang district of Vietnam. Int J Soc Econ. 48(10):1463–1475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou Y, Luo T, Hao J. 2022. Analysis of determinants affecting organic production: state evidence from the United States. Sustainability. 14(1):503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys BR. 2013. Dealing with zeros in economic data. Univ Alberta, Department Econ. 1:1–27.
   Google Scholar
• Kallas Z, Serra T, Gil JM. 2010. Farmers’ objectives as determinants of organic farming adoption: the case of catalonian vineyard production. Agric Econ. 41(5):409–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerdsriserm C, Suwanmaneepong S, Mankeb P. 2016. Factors affecting adoption of organic rice farming in sustainable agriculture network, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Int J Agric Technol. 12:1227–1237.
   Google Scholar
• Khaledi M, Weseen S, Sawyer E, Ferguson S, Gray R. 2010. Factors influencing partial and complete adoption of organic farming practices in Saskatchewan, Canada. Can J Agric Econ/Revue canadienned'agroeconomie. 58(1):37–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisaka-Lwayo M. 2008. A discriminant analysis of factors associated with the adoption of certified organic farming by smallholder farmers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Koesling M, Flaten O, Lien G. 2008. Factors influencing the conversion to organic farming in Norway. Int J Agric Res Gov Ecol. 7(1–2):78–95.
   Google Scholar
• Läpple D. 2010. Adoption and abandonment of organic farming: an empirical investigation of the Irish drystock sector. J Agric Econ. 61(3):697–714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Läpple D, Kelley H. 2013. Understanding the uptake of organic farming: accounting for heterogeneities among Irish farmers. Ecol Econ. 88:11–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin T-F, Schmidt P. 1984. A test of the Tobit specification against an alternative suggested by Cragg. Rev Econ Stat. 66(1):174–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Pattanaik N, Nelson M, Ibrahim M. 2019. The choice to go organic: evidence from small US farms. Agric Sci. 10(12):1566–1580.
   Google Scholar
• López CP, Requena JC. 2005. Factors related to the adoption of organic farming in Spanish olive orchards. Spanish J Agric Res. 1:5–16.
   Google Scholar
• Ma W, Ma C, Su Y, Nie Z. 2017. Organic farming: does acquisition of the farming information influence Chinese apple farmers’ willingness to adopt? China Agric Econ Rev. 9(2):211–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massresha SE, Lema TZ, Neway MM, Degu WA. 2021. Perception and determinants of agricultural technology adoption in North Shoa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Cogent Econ Financ. 9(1):1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mgale YJ, Yunxian Y. 2020. Marketing efficiency and determinants of marketing channel choice by rice farmers in rural Tanzania: evidence from Mbeya region, Tanzania. Aust J Agric Res Econ. 64(4):1239–1259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra AK, Kumar A, Joshi PK, D'Souza A, Tripathi G. 2018. How can organic rice be a boon to smallholders? evidence from contract farming in India. Food Policy. 75:147–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mmbando FE, Wale EZ, Baiyegunhi LJ. 2015. Determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in maize and pigeon pea markets in Tanzania. Agrekon. 54(1):96–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoFA. 2015. Vegetable production statistics in the northern regions of Ghana. Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Regional Agriculture Report. Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• Mrinila S, Keshav LM, Bijan M. 2015. Factors impacting adoption of organic farming in Chitwan district of Nepal. Asian J Agric Rural Dev. 5(393-2016-24015):1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Muller A, Schader C, Scialabba NE-H, Brüggemann J, Isensee A, Erb K-H, Smith P, Klocke P, Leiber F, Stolze M. 2017. Strategies for feeding the world more sustainably with organic agriculture. Nat Commun. 8(1):1–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Northern Presbyterian Services (NPAS). 2012. Ghana pesticide crisis.https://www.christianaid.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-08/ghanas-pesticide-crisis-april-2012.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ntow WJ. 2008. The use and fate of pesticides in vegetable-based agroecosystems in Ghana. Ph.D. Research at Wageningen University and Research.
   Google Scholar
• Opoku PD, Bannor RK, Oppong-Kyeremeh H. 2020. Examining the willingness to produce organic vegetables in the Bono and Ahafo regions of Ghana. Int J Soc Econ. 47(5):619–641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osei MK, Ofori PA, Adjebeng-Danquah J, Nketia SO, Frimpong-Anin K, Osei-Bonsu I, Puozaa D. 2022. Harnessing technologies for vegetable cultivation: a panacea for food and nutrition insecurity in Ghana. In Vegetable Crops-Health Benefits and Cultivation.IntechOpen.
   Google Scholar
• Paudel J, Crago CL. 2021. Environmental externalities from agriculture: evidence from water quality in the United States. Am J Agric Econ. 103(1):185–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pingali PL. 2012. Green revolution: impacts, limits, and the path ahead. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109(31):12302–12308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan M, Tripura B, Mondal T, Darnnel R, Murasing J. 2017. Factors influencing the adoption of organic farming by the farmers of the North District of Sikkim. Int J Adv Sci Res Dev. 4(2):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Radwan A, Gil JM, Diab YA, Abo-Nahoul MA. 2011. Determinants of the adaption of organic agriculture in Egypt using a duration analysis technique.
   Google Scholar
• Raimondo M, Nazzaro C, Marotta G, Caracciolo F. 2021. Land degradation and climate change: global impact on wheat yields. Land Degrad Dev. 32(1):387–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rana S, Parvathi P, Waibel H. 2012. Factors affecting the adoption of organic pepper farming in India. Poster presented at Tropentag.
   Google Scholar
• Saoke LA. 2011. Organic Farming in the Kibera Slum in Nairobi, Kenya, Master’s Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Sarker MA, Itohara Y, Hoque M. 2009. Determinants of adoption decisions: the case of organic farming (OF) in Bangladesh. Extension Farming Sys J. 5(2):39–46.
   Google Scholar
• Seufert V, Ramankutty N, Foley JA. 2012. Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture. Nature. 485(7397):229–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaban AA. 2015. Factors influencing farmers’ decision to shift to organic farming: the case of Gaza Strip. J Econ Manage Trade. 5(1):78–87.
   Google Scholar
• Sodjinou E, Glin LC, Nicolay G, Tovignan S, Hinvi J. 2015. Socioeconomic determinants of organic cotton adoption in Benin, West Africa. Agric Food Econ. 3(1):1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Soltani S, Azadi H, Mahmoudi H, Witlox F. 2014. Organic agriculture in Iran: farmers’ barriers to and factors influencing adoption. Renewable Agric Food Syst. 29(2):126–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sriwichailamphan T, Sucharidtham T. 2014. Factors affecting adoption of vegetable growing using organic system: a case study of Royal Project Foundation, Thailand. Int J Econ Manag Sci. 3(179):2.
   Google Scholar
• Thapa GB, Rattanasuteerakul K. 2011. Adoption and extent of organic vegetable farming in Mahasarakham province, Thailand. Appl Geogr. 31(1):201–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin J. 1958. Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables. Econometrica: J Economet Soc. 26(1):24–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsiboe F, Asravor J, Osei E. 2019. Vegetable production technical efficiency and technology gaps in Ghana. Afr J Agric Res Econ. 14(311-2020-259):255–278.
   Google Scholar
• Vu HV, Ho H, Le QH. 2020. Impact of farmers’ associations on household income: evidence from tea farms in Vietnam. Economies. 8(4):92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willer H, Jan T, Cluadia M, Bernhrd SE. 2021. The world of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2021.Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, and IFOAM-Organics International, Bonn. Germany: FiBL/IFOAM.
   Google Scholar
• Wollni M, Andersson C. 2014. Spatial patterns of organic agriculture adoption: evidence from Honduras. Ecol Econ. 97:120–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu X, Sharma P, Shu S, Lin T-S, Ciais P, Tubiello FN, Smith P, Campbell N, Jain AK. 2021. Global greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods. Nature Food. 2(9):724–732.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu X, Wong SC, Zhu F, Pei X, Huang H, Liu Y. 2017. A Heckman selection model for the safety analysis of signalized intersections. PLoS One. 12(7):e0181544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamane T. 1967. Statistics: An introductory analysis.
   Google Scholar
• Yu X, Guo L, Jiang G, Song Y, Muminov MA. 2018. Advances of organic products over conventional productions with respect to nutritional quality and food security. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 38(1):53–60.
   Google Scholar