- Iris Shagrir, Naming Patterns in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (Oxford, 2003).
- John W. Berry, “Acculturation and Adaptation in a New Society,” International Migration 30 (1992), 69–85.
- Documenti del commercio veneziano nei secoli XI–XIII, ed. Raimondo Morozzo della Rocca and Antonino Lombardo, 2 vols. (Turin, 1940); Nuovi documenti del commercio veneto dei secoli XI–XIII, ed. Antonino Lombardo and Raimondo Morozzo della Rocca (Venice, 1953).
- Rates given for the Latin kingdom also exclude the military orders. This is based on the assumption that most of the brothers were recruited in western Europe.
- For example, Olivier Guyotjeanin, “L’onomastique émilienne,” Mélanges de l’École Française de Rome 106 (1994), 381–446, table 13, 411.
- This phenomenon is documented in medieval western Europe. See Heinrich Rüthing, “Der Wechsel Personennamen in einer spätmittelalterlichen Stadt. Zum Problem der Identifizierung von Personen und zum sozialen Status von Stadtbewohnern mit wechselnden oder unvollständigen Namen,” in Neithard Bulst and Jean-Philippe Genet, eds., Medieval Lives and the Historian. Studies in Medieval Prosopography (Kalamazoo, 1982), pp. 215–26.
- Shagrir, Naming Patterns, chap. 3.
- In other words, the more focused comparison inserted an additional, probably significant, variable into the procedure; namely how well individuals are identified in the documents and who are the better-defined ones.
- The document is reproduced in Vittorio Lazzarini, Scritti di paleografia e diplomatica (Venice, 1938), pp. 171–77. The name list and count appear in Gianfranco Folena, “Gli antichi nomi di persona e la storia civile di Venezia,” Atti del’Istituto Veneto di Scienze (1971), pp. 464–67. Folena’s count is erroneous, however, since several names appear twice in the signature section of the document.
- Folena, “Gli antichi nomi,” pp. 468–73. The list is based on Deliberazioni del Maggior Consiglio di Venezia, ed. Roberto Cessi, 1 (Bologna, 1950).
- Alain Birolini, “Étude d’anthroponymie génoise,” Mélanges de l’École Française de Rome 107 (1995), 467–96; Benjamin Z. Kedar, “Noms de saints et mentalité populaire à Gênes au XIVe siècle,” Le Moyen Age 73 (1967), 431–46; Benjamin Z. Kedar, Merchants in Crisis (New Haven, 1976), pp. 98–101.
- The affinity between the names from Frankish Acre and the Italian preferences is evident in various Italian studies. See, for example, Sante Bortolami, “Il sistema onomastico in una quasi-città del Veneto medioevale,” Mélanges de l’École Française de Rome 106 (1994), 343–80; François Menant, “L’Italie centro-septentrionale,” in L’Anthroponymie. Document de l’histoire sociale des mondes méditerranéens médiévaux. Actes du colloque international “Genèse médiévale de l’anthroponymie moderne” (Rome, 6–8 octobre 1994), ed. Monique Bourin, Jean-Marie Martin and François Menant, Collection de L’École française de Rome 226 (Rome, 1996), pp. 19–28. An illustrative example of the difference between the preferences of the Latins of the East and their western European contemporaries can be illustrated in a list of most frequent names of Poitevin knights who sailed to the Holy Land in 1252: Raymundus, Arnaudus, Guillelmus, Petrus, Bernardus, Odo, Hugo, Berengarius and Augerius. All, ex¬cept Peter, are Germanic names, and none is named after a universally popular saint. Preuves de l’histoire de Languedoc, ed. Auguste Molinier (Paris, 1875), doc. 432, pp. 1314–15.
- Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980), p. 221.
- Prawer estimated the city’s population at around 40,000. Crusader Institutions, p. 182, n. 159.
- Étienne Hubert, “Structure urbaine et système anthroponymique,” L’anthroponymie (above, note 12), p. 313.
- Kedar, Merchants in Crisis, p. 98. The conservatism of the peasantry was also noted in an earlier period in England, where the post-conquest peasant population clung to traditional Anglo-Saxon personal names. See Cecily Clark, “Willelmus rex? Vel alius Willelmus?”, in Peter Jackson, ed., Words, Names and History (Woodbridge, 1995), pp. 281, 284 n. 22.
- Jean-Louis Biget, “L’évolution des noms de baptême en Languedoc au moyen âge,” Cahiers de Fanjeaux 17 (1982), 297–341, esp. p. 322.
- Concentration is the accumulated frequency of a defined number of the top choices. It is represented in percentages, and reveals the intensity of the shared element in naming preferences. A trend of increasing concentration reflects the clustering of commonly shared preferences. As a social phenomenon, greater homonymity may reflect greater socio-cultural cohesion, prevalent fashion and imitation.
- Based on the chronicle of Battista Pagliarini it has been suggested that in the thirteenth century augural and descriptive names (such as Bonagente, Brutofante, Senzabriga) were much more current among the Vicentine estimi than later on. Indeed, among the Venetian estimi of the 1254 list, such names were almost non-existent. For later patterns of Vicentine popular names see James S. Grubb, Provincial Families of the Renaissance. Private and Public Life in the Veneto (Baltimore, 1996), p. 225.
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