- GF; Peter Tudebode, Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere, ed. John H. Hill and Laurita L. Hill (Paris, 1977). Although the edition of the GF bears Rosalind Hill’s name, the editorial work on the manuscripts and Latin text was largely carried out by one of the general series editors, Sir Roger Mynors, in line with the then standard practice of the Nelson (subsequently Oxford) Medieval Text series.
- Robert the Monk, Historia Iherosolimitana, in RHC Oc 3:717–882; GN; Steven J. Biddlecombe, “The Historia Ierosolimitana of Baldric of Bourgueil: A New Edition in Latin and an Analysis” (PhD thesis, Bristol, 2010).
- See Jean Flori, “De l’Anonyme normand à Tudebode et aux Gesta Francorum: l’impact de la propagande de Bohémond sur la critique textuelle des sources de la première croisade,” Revue d’Histoire Ecclésiastique 102 (2007), 717–46. Flori states that he has identified about one hundred (“centaine”) differences between the GF and PT, and he cites individual instances by number, but curiously the article does not provide a key to the numbering system, not does it explain the principles according to which the differences were identified.
- Gesta Dei per Francos, sive Orientalium Expeditionum, et Regni Francorum Hierosolimitani Historia a Variis, sed illius Aevi Scriptoribus, Litteris Commendata, ed. Jacques Bongars, 1 vol. in 2 (Hanau, 1611), 1:1–29. In the prefatory note (s.p.) Bongars notes of his sources: “Igitur primum sine nomine scriptorem debemus Paulo Peteavio, et Guill. Camedeno … Cambdeni Codex librum claudit tribus verbis: Explicit via bona.”
- Anonymi Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolymitanorum, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1890), esp. pp. 97–98.
- Historiae Francorum Scriptores ab ipsius Gentis Origine usque ad R. Phillip IV. Dicti Pulchri Tempora, ed. André Duchesne, 5 vols. (Paris, 1636–49), 4:773–815.
- RHC Oc 3:119–63.
- Heinrich von Sybel, Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzugs (Düsseldorf, 1841), pp. 22–32; Anonymi Gesta Francorum, ed. Hagenmeyer, pp. 80–89.
- PT, pp. 21–22. See also the same authors’ introduction to their earlier translation of the PT: Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere, trans. John H. Hill and Laurita L. Hill (Philadelphia, 1974), pp. 4–12.
- Jay Rubenstein, “What is the Gesta Francorum, and who was Peter Tudebode?,” Revue Mabillon 16 (2005), 179–204.
- Flori, “De l’Anonyme normand,” passim; Jean Flori, Chroniqueurs et propagandistes: Introduction critique aux sources de la première croisade (Geneva, 2010), pp. 9, 19, 25–28, 47, 61–62, 67–103, 167–69.
- Recent studies are moving towards a more finely nuanced understanding of the propagandistic loading of First Crusade narratives: Marc Carrier, “Pour en finir avec les Gesta Francorum: une réflexion historiographique sue l’état des rapports entre Grecs et Latins au début du XIIe siècle et sur l’apport nouveau d’Albert d’Aix,” Crusades 7 (2008), 13–34; Nicholas L. Paul, “A Warlord’s Wisdom: Literacy and Propaganda at the Time of the First Crusade,” Speculum 85 (2010), 534–66. More work is needed on the question whether “propaganda” is an adequate usage in the context of the illocutionary range of medieval texts, medieval manuscript culture, the mechanisms of textual reception, and habits of communication.
- A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge, ed. Montague Rhodes James (Cambridge, 1925), pp. 1, 4–7.
- Ibid., pp. 10–12. The manuscript formerly bore the pressmark L. v. 87.
- See, for example, the decoration of the letter T at fols. 41r and 69r, and of D at fols. 74v and 183r.
- Descriptive Catalogue, p. 11: “It is the anonymous Gesta Francorum: ed. Bongars, Gesta Dei, p. 1.”
- One rare exception is the mention at fol. 51v of the lake adjacent to the castle of heretics in the Balkans attacked by Bohemond’s forces, a detail present in PT, p. 41, but absent from GF, p. 8. The construction in the Peregrinatio Antiochie is “Nos undique aggredientes illud in lacum ubi edificatum fuerat.” The account at fol. 62r of Bohemond’s haranguing of those who had failed on a foraging raid includes a sentence specifying that the targets of his anger were those who had found nothing and were hurrying back: “Illi namque qui inuenire non poterant statim reuerti festinabant.” The same formulation appears at PT, p. 67, but is absent from GF, pp. 32–33. Rubenstein, “What is the Gesta Francorum,” p. 193, argues that the sentence was present in the supposed common source.
- PT, pp. 31–32, 97, 110, 116, 136.
- PT, pp. 43–47.
- PT, pp. 78–81.
- PT, p. 97.
- PT, p. 100.
- PT, p. 108; cf. Peregrinatio Antiochie, fol. 76v; GF, p. 65.
- PT, pp. 124–25; cf. Peregrinatio Antiochie, fol. 83r; GF, p. 80.
- PT, pp. 128–29; cf. Peregrinatio Antiochie, fol. 84r; GF, p. 83. See also the inclusion of the name of Pons of Balazun among those martyred during the siege of ‘Arqah in PT, p. 131; cf. Peregrinatio Antiochie, fol. 85r; GF, p. 85.
- PT, p. 139.
- For instance: Kerbogha’s mockery of captured crusader arms is expanded by the statement that these items were brought from the western, third part of the world, namely Europe, PT, p. 91; four emirs in the citadel of Antioch wearing golden armour and with golden trappings on their horses engage the crusaders, PT, p. 103; the crusaders trapped within Antioch flock to the cathedral to venerate the recently unearthed Holy Lance, and are joined in their devotions by Greek, Armenian, and Syrian Christians, PT, p. 108; the footsoldiers of the forces of Hugh of Vermandois and Robert of Flanders are the first to emerge from Antioch before the decisive battle on 28 June 1098, PT, p. 111; Bohemond does not arrive at the agreed rendezvous in November 1098 because he is seriously ill, PT, p. 118; the description of the city of Antioch includes a long list of the names of its ancient kings, PT, p. 120; standards flutter as the crusaders launch an assault on Ma‘arra, PT, p. 122; in the Bukeia valley the crusaders come upon an additional castle, which the enemy has burned, PT, p. 127; the emir of Tripoli promises to honour Raymond of Saint-Gilles’s diplomatic demand that he convert, PT, p. 128; during the siege of Jerusalem, Raymond of Saint-Gilles’s siege tower is built of timber carried by 50 or 60 Saracen captives, PT, p. 138; this siege tower breaks at its upper levels just before Raymond learns of Godfrey of Bouillon’s entry into Jerusalem, PT, p. 140; fuller details are given of the spoils of the battle of Ascalon and the effects on the prices of foodstuffs, PT, p. 149.
- Fols. 51r, 52r, 52v, corresponding to GF, pp. 7–8, 10–11.
- Fol. 51v; GF, p. 9; PT, p. 41. For discussion of the problematic identity of this count, see Evelyn Jamison, “Some Notes on the Anonymi Gesta Francorum, with Special Reference to the Norman Contingent from South Italy and Sicily in the First Crusade,” in Studies in French Language and Literature Presented to Professor Mildred K. Pope (Manchester, 1939), pp. 205–7; Jonathan S. C. Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 1095–1131 (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 93–94, 204, 207, 208.
- Fol. 53r; GF, p. 12.
- Fols. 53v, 54r; GF, pp. 13, 14.
- Fol. 78v; GF, p. 71; PT, p. 113.
- Fol. 79r; GF, p. 72.
- Peregrinatio Antiochie, fol. 88r; GF, pp. 91–92; PT, p. 141. Note that here, as elsewhere in the manuscript, Tancred is described in the Peregrinatio Antiochie in more fulsome language than that in the equivalent passage in the GF: “uidens Tancredus uir sapiens et prudens iratus est nimis [nimis fuit].”
- The Peregrinatio Antiochie follows the GF in its account of the bringing of ships onto the lake next to Nicaea, a sequence that the PT omits: GF, p. 16; Peregrinatio Antiochie, fols. 54v–55r; PT, p. 50. The Peregrinatio Antiochie resembles the GF but not the PT in its account of Bohemond’s peroration to Robert fitz Girard before the battle of Antioch Lake and includes the leonine simile absent from the PT: GF, pp. 36–37; Peregrinatio Antiochie, fol. 64r; PT, p. 72.
- Reg. Lat. 572 serves as the base text for my edition of the GF in the Oxford Medieval Texts series (in press).
- For example, GF, p. 3, “in festo sancti Michahelis” becomes “in die dedicationis S. Mikahelis qui est in Kal. Octob.” in Gesta Dei, p. 2. GF, p. 8, “combussimus castrum cum habitatoribus suis” is glossed by means of “scilicet haereticorum congregatione” in Gesta Dei, p. 3. GF, p. 14, “Turci quippe” becomes “Turci quippe licet gens barbara” at Gesta Dei, p. 5. GF, p. 29, “referebantque omnia his” becomes “referebantque omnia his excommunicatis” at Gesta Dei, p. 10. Robert fitz Girard is additionally exhorted to recall the prowess of his and Bohemond’s brave forebears: GF, p. 37; Gesta Dei, p. 12. Gesta Dei, p. 13, adds to GF, p. 41, the idea that the Christian women of Antioch’s applause of the crusaders’ success was a habit, “sicut mos erat illarum.” GF, p. 55, “Quae ait” becomes “Quae respondens ait” at Gesta Dei, p. 17. On several occasions the content of speeches and other utterances rendered indirectly by the GF is enhanced by passages of direct speech, or direct speech is expanded: Gesta Dei, pp. 2, 3, 4, 12, 16, 29. References to Bohemond and other leaders are sometimes glossed by additional use of the honorific locutions such as uir sapiens, doctus and egregius routinely deployed by the GF: Gesta Dei, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 21.
- See Marcus G. Bull, “The Nature and Significance of the Readings Supplied by William Camden’s Manuscript in Jacques Bongars’s Edition of the Gesta Francorum” (forthcoming).
- Matters addressed in my forthcoming monograph, Eyewitness and Narration: The Narratology of the Earliest Accounts of the First Crusade.
- I am extremely grateful to Dr. Samu Niskanen, who brought the existence of St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge, 3 to my attention and has been very generous in sharing his ideas, and to Mr Colin Higgins, Librarian of St. Catharine’s College, who made the manuscript available to me and provided ideal conditions in which to study it.
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