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Articles

Itineraria Terrae Sanctae minora III: Some Early Twelfth-Century Guides to Frankish JerusalemFootnote

Denys PringleCardiff [email protected]
Pages 3-63 | Published online: 17 Feb 2023

  • Titus Tobler, ed., Theoderici Libellus de locis sanctis editus circa a.d. 1172, cui accedunt breviores aliquot descriptiones Terrae Sanctae (St Gallen and Paris, 1865), 113–18, 238–47.
  • John Wilkinson, with Joyce Hill and W. F. Ryan, Jerusalem Pilgrimage 1099–1185, Hakluyt Society, series 2, 167 (London, 1988), 4–6.
  • Jesse Keskiaho, “On the Transmission of Peter Tudebode’s De Hierosolymitano itinere and Related Chronicles, with a Critical Edition of Descriptio sanctorum locorum Hierusalem,” Revue d’histoire des textes 10 (2015): 69–102.
  • Itinerarium Burdigalense, ed. P. Geyer and O. Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175 (Turnhout, 1965), 1–26. For a translation with commentary, see John Wilkinson, Egeria’s Travels to the Holy Land, rev. ed. (Jerusalem and Warminster, 1981), 153–63.
  • Keskiaho, “Transmission,” 69.
  • British Library (BL), MS Arundel Lat. 326, fols. 56–57; BL, MS Titus D. III, fol. 73; Montpellier, Bibliothèque Universitaire Historique de Médecine, MS 142 lat, fol. 67; ed. Tobler, Theoderici Libellus, 113–18; reprinted with Italian translation by Sabino de Sandoli, Itinera Hierosolymitama Crucesignatorum (saec. xii–xiii), 4 vols., Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, Collectio Maior 24 (Jerusalem, 1978–84), 3:1–5; trans. Aubrey Stewart, Anonymous Pilgrims, I–VIII (11th and 12th Centuries), PPTS 6 (London, 1894), 1–5.
  • GF, 98–101. An alternative translation, highlighting passages from the Bordeaux Itinerary, is also provided by Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 87–89.
  • Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (BAV), MS Reg. lat. 572 (12c.), fols. 64v-66v.
  • Vatican, BAV, Reg. lat., 641 (12c.); Escorial, Real biblioteca, D.III.11 (12c.); Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College Library, MS 162/83 (14c.), fols. 139–140r.
  • Keskiaho, “Transmission,” 84.
  • Keskiaho, “Transmission,” 98–102.
  • Itinerarium Burdigalense, ed. Geyer and Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:16–17.
  • Klaus Bieberstein, “Die Porta Neapolitana, die Nea Maria und die Nea Sophia in der Neapolis von Jerusalem,” Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 105 (1989): 110–22; Klaus Bieberstein and Hanswulf Bloedhorn, Grundzüge der Baugeschichte vom Chalkolithikum bis zur Frühzeit der osmanischen Herrschaft, 3 vols., Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, series B, no. 100 (Wiesbaden, 1994), 2:245, 271; cf. Hans Eberhard Mayer, “Die porta nova de Belcayra im Jerusalem der Kreuzfahrer,” Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 119 (2003): 183–90.
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:236–37.
  • Titus Tobler, Bibliographia Geographica Palaestinae (Leipzig, 1867), 13; Reinhold Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestinae (Berlin, 1890), 28-29, no, 69;
  • Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 4.
  • Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), MS Latin 5129, fols. 70ra-71ra; Melchior de Vogüé, Les Églises de la Terre Sainte (Paris, 1860; repr. Toronto, 1973), 412-14, cf. 408-9.
  • Paris, BnF, MS Latin 5129, fols. 54va–65rb; de Vogüé, Églises, 414–33.
  • See Petrus Cornelius Boeren, Rorgo Fretellus et sa description de la Terre Sainte: Histoire et édition du texte, (Amsterdam, 1980), xxxi; Paolo Trovato, “Sulla genealogia e la cronologia di alcuni testi di età crociata: Rorgo Fretellus e dintorni (l’alte Compendium, Eugesippus, Innominatus VI o pseudo-Beda, la Descriptio locorum circa Hierusalem adiacentium),” Annali Online di Ferrara – Lettere 1 (2012): 247–68, at 255–65.
  • Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica, 35–36, no. 86; cf. Tobler, Bibliographia Geographica, 14–15.
  • De Sandoli, Itinera, 2:73–117.
  • Fetellus, trans. James Rose Macpherson, PPTS 5 (London, 1896), 1–7
  • Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 177–80, cf. 11, 352–53.
  • Paris, BnF, MS Latin 5135A, fols. 37v–39r; cf. de Vogüé, Églises, 409 n.1.
  • French: Paris, BnF, MS Fr. 24208–9 (Fonds de la Sorbonne, 385 and 387), fol. 1ra–1vb; cf. Röhricht, Bibliotheca, 28, no. 69; Peter W. Edbury, “The French Translation of William of Tyre’s Historia: The Manuscript Tradition,” Crusades 6 (2007): 69–105, at 76, 96 (F51); repr. in idem, Law and History in the Latin East (Farnham, 2014), ch. viii.
  • Paris, BnF, MS Fr. 22495 (formerly Fonds de la Sorbonne, 383); MS Fr. 22496–7 (formerly Fonds de la Vallière, 10); cf. Edbury, “French Translation,” 76, 97 (F61–62).
  • London, MS Royal 13 A XIV, fols. 277r–278v; see Denys Pringle, “Itineraria Terrae Sanctae minora [I]: Innominatus VII and its Variants,” Crusades 17 (2018): 39–89.
  • London, BL, MS Additions 8927, fol. 235 (recte 135?) (Epistola fratris B. de Aqua Bella de Saracenis, Mamolino duce, victis); cf. List of Additions made to the Collections in the British Museum in the Year 1832 (London, 1834), 3.
  • London, BL, MS Harley 3113, fols. 126ra–127rb; cf. Humphrey Wanley et al., A Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts in the British Museum, 4 vols. (London, 1808–12; repr. New York, 1973), 3:4. There is also a full description in the British Library’s online catalogue of illuminated MSS.
  • Brussels, KBR, MS 9823–34, fols. 57ra–58va; cf. Joseph Van den Gheyn, Catalogue des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque royale de Belgique 2 (Brussels, 1927), 295–97, no. 7431 (9823–34); Roger Calcoen, Inventaire des manuscrits scientifiques de la Bibliothèque royale Albert Ier, 3 vols. (Brussels, 1965–75), 2:61, no. 257 (9823–34).
  • Kenneth Nebenzahl, Maps of the Bible Lands: Images of Terra Sancta through Two Millennia (London, 1986), 32, fig. 9.
  • See The Historia Vie Hierosolimitane of Gilo of Paris, ed. C. W. Grocock and J. E. Siberry, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford, 1997), xxxix–xl.
  • De Vogüé, Églises, 408–9.
  • Charles Samaran and Robert Marichal, Catalogue des manuscrits en écriture latine portant des indications de date ou de copiste 2: Bibliothèque nationale, Fonds latin (Paris, 1962), 261, pl. lxxv; The Historia Iherosolimitana of Robert the Monk, ed. D. Kempf and Marcus H. Bull (Woodbridge, 2013), lii–liii.
  • Cf. GN, 36-37, 71; cf. PL 201:1403–7; RRH, 106, no. 405.
  • See GN, 37, 71; André Boutemy, “Le recueil poétique du manuscrit latin 5129 de la Bibliothèque nationale de Paris,” Scriptorium 2 (1948): 47–55, at 53–54.
  • De Vogüé, Églises, 408–9.
  • Tobler, Bibliographia Geographica Palaestinae, 14; Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestinae, 35.
  • Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 11, 352.
  • R. B. C. Huygens, ed., Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139 (Turnhout, 1994), 26–27, 161–62; Pringle, Churches 3: 400–401.
  • Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:64.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:306–10.
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:12–18, figs 1b–2.
  • On the chapel of St. Helena, see Pringle, Churches, 3:44–46. Abbot Daniel mentions the existence of a “small church” in 1106–8 (trans. W. F. Ryan, in Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 131), but it is uncertain whether he was referring to the cave-chapel of the Invention of the Cross, which dates from the eleventh century, or the larger chapel dedicated to St. Helena referred to here.
  • BnF, MS Arsenal, 1161 (formerly 102), fols. 46ra–48vb. On the MS, see Henry Martin, Catalogue des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, 9 vols., Catalogue général des Manuscrits des Bibliothèques publiques de France (Paris, 1885–95), 2:315; Steven Biddlecombe, ed., The Historia Ierosolimitana of Baldric of Bourgueil (Woodbridge, 2014), xcii. I am most grateful to Dr Biddlecombe for his noble assistance in obtaining an image of this MS while convalescing from a bout of coronavirus (COVID–19).
  • Titus Tobler and Augustus Molinier (eds.), Itinera Hierosolymitana et Descriptiones Terrae Sanctae Bellis Sacris Anteriora 1, Publications de la Société de l’Orient Latin, Série géographique 1 (Geneva, 1879), lii–liv, 344–49.
  • De Sandoli, Itinera, 1:1–5; Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 4–6, 90–91, 350.
  • Others include: Abbot Daniel 9, trans. W. F. Ryan in Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 127; and Theoderic 41, ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:186.
  • See Benjamin Z. Kedar, “Jerusalem’s two Montes Gaudii,” in Crusader Landscapes in the Medieval Levant: The Archaeology and History of the Latin East, ed. Micaela Sinibaldi, Kevin Lewis, Balázs Major and Jennifer A. Thompson (Cardiff, 2016), 3–19; Denys Pringle and Benjamin Z. Kedar, “The Site of the House of St Mary of Mountjoy, near Jerusalem,” Revue biblique (forthcoming).
  • See below Descriptio Ierusalem, groups B and C, para. 3.3; cf. 2 Macc. 2.4–8.
  • Tobler and Molinier, Itinera Hierosolymitana, lii–liv.
  • Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestinae, 20, no. 42.
  • Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 6, 350.
  • Biddlecombe, Historia Ierosolimitana, ix, xxiv–xxx.
  • Zizterzienserstift Zwettl, Bibliothek, Codex 310, fols. 73v–81v; Biddlecombe, Historia Ierosolimitana, lxxxviii. On the text, see Antonini Placentini Itinerarium, ed. P. Geyer, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:127–74; trans. John Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades (Warminster, 1977), 6–7, 78–89.
  • Trier, Bistumsarchiv (formerly Dombibliothek), MS 95.93, fol. 61r–61v (formerly of SS Petri et Pauli in Abdinghof, Paderborn, fol. 62a–62b).
  • Heinrich Volbert Sauerland, Catalogus descriptivus Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Treverensis, handwritten (Trier, 1890–91), fols. 133r–138r.
  • De Sandoli, Itinera, 2:153–57; Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 117–19, cf. 7, 350.
  • Cf. Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 46–50; Pringle, Churches, 3:262–63.
  • The Palatine chapel in Aachen consisted of an octagonal rotunda, capped by a lantern, and a towered west-work: see Kenneth J. Conant, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, 2nd ed. (Harmondsworth, 1966), 46–51, figs. 6–10.
  • Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestinae, 45, no. 110; de Sandoli, Itinera, 2:153.
  • Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 7, 350.
  • Nasir-i Khusraw’s Book of Travels, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston, Bibliotheca Iranica 6 (Costa Mesa, CA, 2001), 47–48.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:44–45.
  • Itinerarium Egeriae, ed. A. Franceschini and R. Weber, in Geyer and Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:27–90, at 68–84, 86; Wilkinson, Egeria’s Travels, 74–76, 87, 124-29, 132-40, 142, Charles Coüasnon, The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, The Schweich Lectures 1972 (London, 1974), 50-53, pls. vii–xi, xv, xvii.
  • Denys Pringle, “Town Defences in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem,” in The Medieval City under Siege, ed. I. A. Corfis and M. Wolfe (Woodbridge, 1995), 69–121, at 79; repr. in Denys Pringle, Fortification and Settlement in Crusader Palestine (Aldershot, 2000), ch. i.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:192–93, 236–37, 253.
  • Rabanus Maurus, De Vita Beatæ Mariæ Magdalenæ 36–50, PL 112:1492-1508; Denys Pringle, Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291, Crusade Texts in Translation 23 (Farnham, 2012), 232, 344.
  • Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestinae, 63, no. 157.
  • London, Lambeth Palace, MS 144, fols. 117–19; corresponding to Saewulf, ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:64–75. The text begins as Saewulf, but then jumps to the entry into Jerusalem: “Inc(ipit) certa relatio de situ Ierusalem. Introitus civitatis Ierusalem est ad occidentem sub arce David regis, per portam que vocatur porta David. Primum eundum est ad ecclesiam sancti Sepulchri, que martyrium vocatur.” It ends on the return journey (cf. Saewulf, ibid., 75), where the copyist appears to have lost interest: “Acras est civitas fortissima que Accaron vocatur. Deinde Sur et Sebete que Tyris (Tyrns?) et Sydon, et postea Iubelet. Deinde Barut et sic Tartusa, quam dux Reimundus possedit. Postea Gibel ubi sunt montes Gelboe et cetera.” Cf. H.J. Todd, A Catalogue of the Archiepiscopal Manuscripts in the Library at Lambeth Palace (London, 1812), no. 144; Montague Rhodes James, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Lambeth Palace: The Medieval Manuscripts (Cambridge, 1932).
  • W. D. Macray, Bodleian Library Quarto Catalogues IX: Digby Manuscripts (Oxford, 1883), 125, nos. 112.3–4; repr. with addenda by R. W. Hunt and A. G. Watson (Oxford, 1999), 60.
  • Silvio Giuseppe Mercati, “Santuari e reliquie costantinopolitane secondo il codice Ottoboniano latino 169 prima della conquista latina (1204),” Rendiconti della Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia 12 (1936): 133–56; repr. idem, Collectanea Byzantina, 2 vols., Università di Roma, Istituto di Studi bizantini e neoellenici (Bari, 1970), 2:464–89. A translation of the part relating to Jerusalem appears in Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 92–93; cf. ibid., 6, 350.
  • Krijne N. Ciggaar, “Une Description de Constantinople traduite par un pèlerin anglais,” Revue des Études byzantines 34 (1976): 211–67.
  • Ciggaar, “Description de Constantinople,” 216–32, 238–42.
  • Ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:68–69; Pringle, Churches, 3:142–43.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:306–9.
  • A Catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge, 5 vols. + index (Cambridge, 1856–67), 4:338–39 (358*–59*).
  • Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestinae, 64, no. 171.
  • Paul Édouard Didier Riant, Exuviæ Sacræ Constantinopolitanæ: fasciculus documentorum ecclesiasticorum, ad Byzantina lipsana in Occidentem sæculo XIIIo translata, spectantium, & Historiam Quarti Belli Sacri Imperiique Gallo-Græci illustrantium, 2 vols. (Geneva, 1877–78), 2:211–12.
  • De Sandoli, Itinera, 4:369–73.
  • Montague Rhodes James, The Western Manuscripts in the Library of Emmanuel College: A Descriptive Catalogue (Cambridge, 1904), 116, no. 143.3. I am most grateful to the College Librarian, Dr Helen Carron, for providing me with a clear image of the MS and to the Master and Fellows for permission to make use of it.
  • Henry O. Coxe, Catalogus Codicum MSS. qui in Collegiis Aulisque Oxoniensibus hodie adservantur, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1852), 2 (Corpus): 10, no. 32.18; R. M. Thomson, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Medieval Manuscripts of Corpus Christi College, Oxford: Western Manuscripts (Woodbridge, 2011), 10–12.
  • Margarete Andersson-Schmitt and Monica Hedlund, Mittelalterliche Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Uppsala: Katalog über die C-Sammlung 3, Acta Bibliothecae R. Universitatis Upsaliensis 26.3 (Stockholm, 1990), 21.
  • Denys Pringle, “A Twelfth-Century Itinerary from Hungary to the Holy Land and Othmar’s Vision of the Holy Fire,” in Bridge of Civilizations: The Near East and Europe, c. 1100–1300, ed. Peter Edbury, Denys Pringle and Balázs Major (Oxford, 2019), 281–96; cf. Franz Köhler and Gustav Milchsack, Die Gudischen Handschriften, Die Handschriften der Herzoglichen Bibliothek zu Wolfenbüttel, ed. Otto von Heinemann, vol. 4 (Wolfenbüttel, 1913), 154, no. 4435.4.
  • Lisa Fagin Davis, “A Twelfth-Century Pilgrims’ Guide to the Holy Land: Beinecke MS 481.77,” Yale University Library Gazette 65/1–2 (1990): 11–19; Iris Shagrir, “The Guide of MS Beinecke 481.77 and the Intertwining of Christian, Jewish and Muslim Traditions in Twelfth-Century Jerusalem,” Crusades 10 (2011): 1–22.
  • Ed. Johan Georg Eccard, Corpus Historicum Medii Ævi, 2 vols. (Leipzig, 1723), 2:1346–48; ed. Pringle, “Twelfth-Century Itinerary,” 295–96.
  • This version is found in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (BSB), Munich, MS Clm 629, fols. 19r-23v.
  • For parallel editions and a discussion of both versions of the itinerary, see Pringle, “Twelfth-Century Itinerary.”
  • Pringle, Churches, 2:176–78.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:365–72; idem, “Itineraria Terrae Sanctae minora [I],” 44–46, 48, 62 (para. 4.6); John of Würzburg, ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:115–16.
  • Or possibly Benedict.
  • Montague Rhodes James, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Gonville and Caius College, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1907–8), 1:173, no. 151. I am most grateful to the College Librarian, Mark Stratham, for providing me with a clear image of the MS and to the Master and Fellows for permission to make use of it.
  • [Thomas Phillipps] Catalogus Librorum Manuscriptorum in Bibliotheca D. Thomæ Phillipps, Bart. a.d. 1837 (Middle Hill, Worcs., 1837), 321, no. 16588. On the dispersal of the Phillipps Library, see A. N. L. Munby, The Dispersal of the Phillipps Library, Phillipps Studies 5 (Cambridge, 1960); Toby Burrows, “Manuscripts of Sir Thomas Phillipps in North American Institutions,” Manuscript Studies 1.2 (2016): 307–27 (art. 9).
  • George F. Warner and Julius P. Gibson, British Museum: Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Old Royal and King’s Collections, 4 vols. (London, 1921), 1:126–27; cf. Ciggaar, “Description de Constantinople,” 240.
  • William Henry Black, A Descriptive, Analytical and Critical Catalogue of the Manuscripts bequeathed unto the University of Oxford by Elias Ashmole, Esq., m.d., f.r.s. (Oxford, 1945), cols. 1033–39, no. 1280.
  • Peter the Deacon, Liber de Locis Sanctis, ed. R. Weber, “Appendix ad Itinerarium Egeriae,” in Geyer and Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:91–103, at 95 (sections C.3–4).
  • Warner and Gibson, British Museum: Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Old Royal and King’s Collections, 1:126–27.

  • Pringle, Churches, 3:397–417.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:6–72.
  • The chapel of St. Helena, then under construction beside the chapel of the Holy Cross: see Pringle, Churches, 3:15, 44–45, fig. 6, pls. IX–X.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:192–207.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:236–53.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:397–417.
  • Luke 1.8-20.
  • John 8.1-11.
  • On the chapel of St. Mary (Masjid Mahd ʿIsa, Miḥrāb Maryam) beside al-Aqṣā Mosque, see Pringle, Churches, 3:311–14.
  • The church of St. Anne already existed by the time of Saewulf’s visit in 1102-3: ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:68–69; cf. Pringle, Churches, 3:142–56.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:261–86.
  • The relics of St. Stephen are also mentioned by Saewulf, while Theoderic later placed them in the sacristy on the north side of the sanctuary (ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:71, 169; Pringle, Churches, 3:263, 266, 372).
  • Pringle, Churches, 1:137–56.
  • Cf. “Appendix ad Itinerarium Egeriae,” P1, ed. R. Weber, in Geyer and Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:97; Saewulf, ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:72.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:287–306.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:98–103.
  • Saewulf (1102–3) calls this an oraculum: ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:69; Pringle, Churches, 3:358–65.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:73–88.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:117–24.
  • Pringle, Churches, 1:122–37.
  • Pringle, Churches, 2:240–44.
  • This Mountjoy (mons Gaudii) was evidently north of Jerusalem, where the road from Nāblus, joined by that from Ramla-Lydda to the north-west, crossed the ridge of Ra$$s al-Mashārif and pilgrims caught their first sight of the city: see Kedar, “Jerusalem’s two Montes Gaudii”; Pringle and Kedar, “The Site of the House of St. Mary of Mountjoy.”
  • The Porta Speciosa (cf Acts 3.1-10) is here identified as the main west gate to the Temple area, today Bāb al-Silsila.
  • This reference to “triple doors” appears to confirm the existence of three-bayed porticos before each of the four doors of the building by the early twelfth century: see Pringle, Churches, 3:411. Compare also below Descriptio Ierusalem (group D), para. 3.1.
  • The templum non manufactum was the cave below the rock, supposedly representing the Holy of Holies.
  • Cf. 2 Chron. 24.20-22; Matt. 23.35.
  • Cf. Gen. 28.18-22.
  • The contents of the Holy of Holies are here as described in Hebr. 9.2-5.
  • Peter the Deacon describes this as a golden lamp, containing blood that Jesus shed when on the Cross (Liber de Locis Sanctis, ed. R. Weber, in Geyer and Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:95). Albert of Aachen identifies it as a golden vessel (vas), some 200 marks in weight, which some held to be the golden incense burner of the Temple (cf. Hebr. 9.4), others a vessel containing manna or the Lord’s blood; he adds that like the contents of the natural cave below the rock it was not among the treasures carried off by Tancred when he pillaged the Temple in 1099 (Historia Ierosolimitana: History of the Journey to Jerusalem, 6.23–25, ed. and trans. Susan B. Edgington, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford, 2007), 432–35; cf. Pringle, Churches, 3:400–401).
  • Cf. John 5.2.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:287–306.
  • Quatriduanus means “(dead) for four days.” Cf. John 11.39: “Dicit ei Martha soror eius, qui mortuus fuerat: Domine, iam foetet, quatriduanus est enim.”
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:287–306.
  • The location of the stoning of St. Stephen in the Kidron valley seems to reflect a tradition dating from before 1099. The biblical account (Acts 7.58) does not indicate outside which gate the martyrdom occurred, but by the twelfth century most Latin accounts were locating it outside the north gate, near the church to which Stephen’s relics had been translated on 15 May 439 (see Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims, 162; Pringle, Churches, 3:372–79). This is where de Situ (para 1), Qualiter (para. 7) and the Descriptio Ierusalem (para 4.3) place it, though Innominatus II (c. 1165–c. 1175) refers to both traditions (see Denys Pringle, “Itineraria Terrae Sanctae minora II: Innominati II–V and VIII,” Crusades 19 (2020): 57–108, at 78, 86, paras 4 and 12.4).
  • Cf. Pringle, Churches, 3:185.
  • Bethphage erat viculus sacerdotum in monte Oliveti: Bede, Expositio in Lucae Evangelium 79 (ch. 19), ed. J. A. Giles, Venerabilis Bedæ Commentaria in Scripturas Sacras 5, The Complete Works of Venerable Bede 11 (London, 1844), 283; cf. Jerome, Epistulae 108.12, ed. I. Hilberg, CSEL 55 (Vienna-Leipzig, 1912), 320 (villam sacerdotalium maxillarum).
  • According to Orthodox tradition, after being brought back to life Lazarus fled to Cyprus and was later ordained bishop of Kition (Larnaka) by Paul and Barnabas: see Lazarus Georgiou, “Saint Lazarus in the East through the Scriptures and Tradition,” in Charalampos G. Chotzakoglou, Church of Saint Lazarus in Larnaka (Nicosia, 2004), 11–17.
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:346–49.
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:261–87.
  • Ps. 86.2.
  • For Charlemagne’s Palatine Chapel in Aachen, see above, p. 21 n. 60.
  • Templum here refers to the basilica of Constantine, which lay east of the courtyard and was destroyed in 1009.
  • The steps and the stone cross recall Egeria’s description of the chapel of the Cross above the rock of Calvary, situated in the south-west corner of the courtyard between the rotunda and the basilica of Constantine and accessible from the latter’s south aisle: see Itinerarium Egeriae, 24.7, 24.11, 25.1, 25.6, 25.8–9, 25.11, 27.2–3, 27.6, 30.1, 31.4, 35.2, 36.3–5, 37.1–8, 39.1–2, 40.2, 43.8, ed. Franceschini and Weber, in Geyer and Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:68–84, 86; Wilkinson, Egeria’s Travels, 74–76, 87, 124–29, 132–40, 142, Coüasnon, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 50–53, pls. VII–XI, XV, XVII.
  • Cf. Hebr. 9.2-5.
  • Not Zechariah the prophet but Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist (Luke 1.5-23).
  • The Beautiful Gate (Porta Speciosa) is more usually identified as Bāb al-Silsila on the west, the east gate being the Golden Gate (Porta Aurea).
  • St. Mary’s chapel (Masjid Mahd ʿĪsa, Miḥrāb Maryam) beside al-Aqṣā Mosque, see Pringle, Churches, 3:311–14
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:142–56.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:287–306.
  • Cf. John 8.59.
  • Cf. Gen. 28.18–22.
  • Cf. Hebr. 9.2–5.
  • According to 2 Macc. 2.4–8, it was Jeremiah (Hieremias) who hid the tabernacle and ark in a cave on the mountain from which Moses had seen the promised land, though Nehemiah is mentioned in v.13.
  • The cave below the rock, whose entrance is on the south-east.
  • John 8.3 refers to her simply as mulierem in adulterio deprehensam. The mulier Chananaea, on the other hand, was cured of a demon (Mark 15.21-28).
  • Cf. Luke 1.11-20.
  • The chapel of St. Mary (Masjid Mahd ʿIsa, Miḥrāb Maryam) beside al-Aqṣā Mosque, see Pringle, Churches, 3:311–14.
  • Cf. Pringle, Churches, 3:103–9.
  • Cf. Pringle, Churches, 3:142–56.
  • This altar is mentioned in de Situ Urbis and Qualiter Sita but not in the other versions of Descriptio Ierusalem. Saewulf mentions a “church” of St. Mary, where Jesus’ body was anointed, but notes that some held that Mary Magdalene encountered the risen Christ at the “compass,” here mentioned above (ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:66).
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:236–52.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:192–207.
  • St. Eustasius. The Oxford MS mentions immediately after Holy Apostles the reliquiae sancti Eustachii martyiris et sociis suis in a small chapel in the cisterna Bona (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Digby 112, fol. 26r; ed. Ciggaar, “Description de Constantinople,” 258).
  • Here the centre of the world is placed in the courtyard outside the apse, as it was when Saewulf saw it (ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:66).
  • Saewulf calls these two churches respectively S. Maria Parva and S. Maria Latina, the former served by Latin nuns, the latter by monks (ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:67). On all three houses, see Pringle, Churches, 3:192–211, 236–61.
  • The reference in WZ and Oc to “triple doors” reflects Qualiter sita (para. 4) and like it seems to confirm the existence of three-bayed porticos before each of the four doors in the early twelfth century: see Pringle, Churches, 3:411.
  • Luke 2.29.
  • Cf. Gen. 28.10-22.
  • The contents of the Holy of Holies as described in Hebr. 9.2-5.
  • St. James the Less was martyred by being thrown from the Temple and bludgeoned with a fuller’s club (Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica 1.23.1-8, Loeb 1:168-75; Jerome, de Viris Illustribus 11, PL 23:613; cf. Pringle, Churches, 3:182–83).
  • Cf. Luke 5-25.
  • The east gate, or Golden Gate (Bāb al-Raḥma), facing the Mount of Olives. The Beautiful Gate (Porta Speciosa) was later more usually identified with Bāb al-Silsila on the west.
  • Al-Aqṣā mosque.
  • In the chapel of St. Mary (Masjid Mahd ʿĪsa, Miḥrāb Maryam): see Pringle, Churches, 3:311–14.
  • Perhaps the Jehoshaphat Gate (Bāb Sitti Maryam), through which Jesus would have been brought after his arrest in Gethsemane, although this may be simply a second reference to the Golden Gate (cf. Oc).
  • The Promised Gate or Gate of Paradise, evidenty a mistake for Speciosa. As in WZ, the two gates referred to (Porta Sponsa and Porta Aurea) appear to be the same gate.
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:142–56.
  • On the Jacobite cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene, see Pringle, Churches, 3:327–35.
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:287–306.
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:98–103, 358–65.
  • An allusion to the Last Judgement, cf. Joel 2.12: Consurgant et ascendant gentes in vallem Iosaphat, quia ibi sedebo ut iudicem omnes gentes in circuitu. However, thirteenth-century pilgrims place the Campus Floridus (Field of Flowers) between Jerusalem and Bethlehem: see Pringle, Pilgrimage, 141, 171, 178, 221, 222, 232, 339.
  • Matt. 6.9–13.
  • This church would have been the east church, dating originally from the sixth century. The west church over the tomb of Lazarus was only built after 1138. See Pringle, Churches, 1:122–37.
  • John 20.25.
  • All these sites, including the “church” of St. Thomas, lay within the church of St. Mary of Mount Sion: see Pringle, Churches, 3:261–87.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:346–49.
  • Pringle, Churches, 3:222–28.
  • Luke 22.62; cf. Matt. 26.75.
  • There is some confusion here, as most texts associate Peter’s denial with the Praetorium and his tears with St. Peter of the Cock-crow (in Gallicantu). The location of the Praetorium outside the church of Mount Sion indicates a date around 1160, when the chapel of St. Saviour was built between the main church and the city wall (see Pringle, Churches, 3:346–49, 365–72).
  • Pringle, Churches, 1:137–56.
  • A domed structure built over Rachel’s tomb is first mentioned by al-Idrīsī in 1154 (Géographie d’Édrisi, trans. P. Amédée Jaubert, 2 vols., Recueil de voyages et de mémoires publié par la Société de Géographie 5-6 (Paris, 1836–40), 1:343; Guy Le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems (London, 1890), 299). This text appears to confirm that it was a Christian addition: see Pringle, Churches, 2:176–78.
  • On the church in Hebron, see Pringle, Churches, 1:224–39.
  • See Pringle, Churches, 3:372–79.
  • On the chapels on the Mount of Temptation, see Pringle, Churches, 1:252–58.
  • Tabgha, see Pringle, Churches, 2:334–39.
  • 15 July (1099).
  • The Hospital of St. John.
  • Apart from the description of the contents of the Holy of Holies (3.4) and Jesus’ words to the woman caught in adultery (3.6), paras. 3–4 represent a summarized version of what appears in Peter the Deacon (1137), Liber de Locis Sanctis, ed. R. Weber, in Geyer and Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:95 (sections C.3–4).
  • More correctly octo, as in Peter the Deacon, ibid., 95 (C3).
  • The passage “In medio Templi … candelabra aurea” also appears in Lr (see Ciggaar, “Description de Constantinople,” 240).
  • The contents of the Holy of Holies are described here as in Paul’s letter to the Hebrews 9.2–5.
  • John 8.10.
  • Cf. John 8.7.
  • Understood to mean that the vessel contained Christ’s blood “(shed) when the rock was split,” rather than blood “with the split rock.” Cf. Peter the Deacon, in Geyer and Cuntz, Itineraria et alia geographica, CCSL 175:95 (C3): “Super saxum in medio templi pendet candela aurea, in qua est sanguis Christi, qui per petram scissam descendit.” On this lamp, see also Qualiter sita est civitas above (para. 4 and footnote).
  • Cf. Acts 3.6.
  • John of Würzburg, c. 1165 (ed. Huygens, Peregrinationes tres, CCCM 139:103), following Rorgo Fretellus (Count Rodrigo version, c. 1137: cf. Paris, BnF, MS latin, 18018, fol. 107vb), locates Cain’s murder of Abel in the territory of Damascus, while Innominatus II (c. 1165–75) places it near Hebron (Pringle, “Itineraria Terrae Sanctae minora II,” 89, para 19.2).

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