43
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Positron emission tomography (PET) – its potential to provide surrogate markers in ALS

&
Pages s17-s22 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Paans AM. Positron Emission Tomography: background, possibilities and perspectives in neuroscience. Acta Neurol Belg 1997; 97: 150–153.
  • Jones T. The role of positron emission tomography within the spectrum of medical imaging. Eur J Nucl Med 1996; 23: 207–211.
  • Dalakas MC, Hatazawa J, Brooks RA, Di Chiro G. Lowered cerebral glucose utilization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1987; 22: 580–586.
  • Hatazawa J, Brooks RA, Dalakas MC, Mansi L, Di Chiro G. Cortical motor-sensory hypometabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A PET Study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1988; 12: 630–636.
  • Ludolph AC, Langen KJ, Regard M, et al. Frontal lobe func- tion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a neuropsychologic and positron emission tomography study. Acta Neurol Scand 1992; 85: 81–89.
  • Tanaka M, Kondo S, Hirai S, Sun X, Yamagishi T, Okamoto K. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in progres- sive dementia associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 1993; 120: 22–28.
  • Hudson AJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its association with dementia, parkinsonism and other neurological disor- ders: a review. Brain 1981; 104: 217–247.
  • Kew JM, Leigh PN. Dementia with motor neuron disease. In: Rossor MN (ed.). Unusual dementias. In Bailliere’s Clinical Neurology, Vol. 1, No. 3. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1992.
  • Smith MC. Nerve fibre degeneration in the brain in amyo- trophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 269–282.
  • David AS, Gillham RA. Neuropsychology study of motor neuron disease. Psychosomatics 1986; 27: 441–445.
  • Gallassi R, Montagna P, Ciardulli C, Lorusso S, Mussuto V, Stracciari A. Cognitive impairment in motor neuron disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1985; 71: 480–484.
  • Gallassi R, Montagna P, Morreale A, et al. Neuropsychologi- cal, electroencephalogram and brain computed tomography findings in motor neuron disease. Eur Neurol 1989; 29: 115–120.
  • Perry TL, Hansen S, Jones K. Brain glutamate deficiency in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 1987; 37: 1845–1848.
  • Hoffman JM, Mazziotta JC, Hawk TC, Sumida R. Cerebral glucose utilization in motor neuron disease. Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 849–854.
  • Colebatch JG, Deiber MP, Passingham RE, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary arm and hand move- ments in human subjects. J Neurophysiol 1991; 65: 1392–1401.
  • Chollet F, DiPiero V, Wise RJ, Brooks DJ, Dolan RJ, Frack- owiak RS. The functional anatomy of motor recovery after stroke in humans: a study with positron emission tomogra- phy. Ann Neurol 1991; 29: 63–71.
  • Frith CD, Friston KJ, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RS. PET imaging and cognition in schizophrenia. J R Soc Med 1992; 85: 222–224.
  • Liddle PF, Friston KJ, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS. Cerebral blood flow and mental processes in schizophrenia. J R Soc Med 1992; 85; 224–227.
  • Playford ED, Jenkins IH, Passingham RE, Nutt J, Frackowiak RS, Brooks DJ. Impaired mesial frontal and putamen activa- tion in Parkinson’s disease: a positron emission tomography study. Ann Neurol 1992; 32: 151–161.
  • Weiller C, Chollet F, Friston KJ, Wise RJ, Frackowiak RS. Functional reorganization of the brain in recovery from stria- tocapsular infarction in man. Ann Neurol 1992; 31: 463–472.
  • Kew JJ, Leigh PN, Playford ED, et al. Cortical function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A positron emission tomogra- phy study. Brain 1993; 116: 655–680.
  • Kew JJ, Goldstein LH, Leigh PN, et al. The relationship between abnormalities of cognitive function and cerebral activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A neuropsycho- logical and positron emission tomography study. Brain 1993; 116: 1399–1423.
  • Deiber MP, Passingham RE, Colebatch JG, Friston KJ, Nixon PD, Frackowiak RS. Cortical areas and the selection of move- ment: a study with positron emission tomography. Exp Brain Res 1991; 84: 393–402.
  • Lammertsma AA, Cunningham VJ, Deiber MP, et al. Combi- nation of dynamic and integral methods for generating reproducible functional CBF images. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990; 10: 675–686.
  • Friston KJ, Passingham RE, Nutt JG, Heather JD, Sawle GV, Frackowiak RS. Localisation in PET images: direct fitting of the intercommissural (AC-PC) line. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989; 9: 690–695.
  • Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RSJ. Plastic trans- formation of PET images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991; 15: 634–639.
  • Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RS. Comparing functional (PET) images: the assessment of significant change. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1991; 11: 690–699.
  • Kew JJ, Brooks DJ, Passingham RE, Rothwell JC, Frackowiak RS, Leigh PN. Cortical function in progressive lower motor neuron disorders and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a comparative PET study. Neurology 1994; 44: 1101–1110.
  • Abrahams S, Goldstein LH, Kew JJ, et al. Frontal lobe dys- function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A PET study. Brain 1996; 119: 2105–2120.
  • Ellis CM, et al. Abstract from the proceedings of American Academy Meeting, San Diego, April 2000. Neurology (in press).
  • Snow BJ, Peppard RF, Guttman M, et al. Positron emission tomographic scanning demonstrates a presynaptic dopamin- ergic lesion in Lytico-Bodig. The amyotrophic lateral scler- osis-parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam. Arch Neurol 1990; 47: 870–874.
  • Takahashi H, Snow BJ, Bhatt MH, Peppard R, Eisen A, Calne DB. Evidence for a dopaminergic deficit in sporadic amyo- trophic lateral sclerosis on positron emission scanning. Lancet 1993; 342: 1016–1018.
  • Burrow JN, Blumbergs PC. Substantia nigra degeneration in motor neuron disease: a quantitative study. Aust N Z J Med 1992; 22: 469–472.
  • Kato S, Oda M, Tanabe H. Dimunition of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1993; 19: 300–304.
  • Richardson MP, Koepp MJ, Brooks DJ, Fish DR, Duncan JS. Benzodiazepine receptors in focal epilepsy with cortical dys- genesis: an C-flumazenil PET study. Ann Neurol 1996; 40: 188–198.
  • Richardson MP, Koepp MJ, Brooks DJ, Duncan JS. 11C- flumazenil PET in neocortical epilepsy. Neurology 1998; 51: 485–492.
  • Nihei K, McKee AC, Kowall NW. GABAergic local circuit neurons degenerate in the motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 1992; 18: 1249.
  • Ferrer I, Tunon T, Serrano MT, et al. Calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the frontal cortex in patients with frontal lobe dementia of non-Alzheimer type associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neu- rosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56 (3): 257–261.
  • Ince P, Stout N, Shaw P, et al. Parvalbumin and calbindin D- 28k in the human motor system and in motor neuron disease. Neuropath Appl Neurobiol 1993; 19: 291–299.
  • Lloyd CM, Richardson MP, Brooks DJ, Al-Chalabi A, Leigh PN. Extramotor involvement in ALS: PET studies with the GABAA ligand C-flumazenil. Brain (in press).
  • Benavides J, Quarteronet D, Imbault F, et al. Labelling of ‘peripheral-type’ benzodiazepine binding sites in the rat brain by using [3H]PK 11195, an isoquinolone carboxamide derivative: kinetic studies and autoradiographic localization. J Neurochem 1983; 41: 1744–1750.
  • Vowinckel E, Reutens D, Becher B, et al. PK11195 binding to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor as a marker of microglia activation in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci Res 1997; 50: 345–353.
  • Dumont F, De Vos F, Versijpt J, Jansen HM, Korf J, Dierckx RA, Slegers G. In vivo evaluation in mice and metabolism in blood of human volunteers of [123I]iodo-PK11195: a pos- sible single-photon emission tomography tracer for visual- ization of inflammation. Eur J Nucl Med 1999; 26: 194–200.
  • Troost D, Van den Oord JJ, Vianney de Jong JMB. Immuno- histochemical characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neuro- biol 1990; 16: 401–410.
  • Banati RB, Myers R, Goerres G, et al. Imaging microglial acti- vation in vivo. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997; 17 (suppl): 435.
  • Gehlert DR, Stephenson DT, Schober DA, Rash K, Clemens JA. Increased expression of peripheral benzodiazepine recep- tors in the facial nucleus following motor neuron axotomy. Neurochem Int 1997; 31: 705–713.
  • Jones AKP, Cunningham VV, Ha-Kawa S, et al. Increases in central opioid receptor binding with relief of inflammatory pain demonstrated by PET and [11C]diprenorphine. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13 (suppl): S792.
  • Dagher A, Gunn R, Lockwood G, et al. A new method for the measurement of neurotransmitter release in man using positron emission tomography. J Neural Transm 1996; 103: XXVII–XXVI0.
  • Ellis CM, Simmons A, Jones DK, et al. Diffusion tensor MRI assesses corticospinal tract damage in ALS. Neurology 1999; 53: 1051–1058.
  • Ellis CM, Simmons A, Andrews C, Dawson JM, Williams SCR, Leigh PN. A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in ALS. Neurology 1998; 51: 1104–1109.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.