- Vasquez , John . 1995 . "The Post-Positivist Debate: Reconstructing Scientific Inquiry After Enlightenment's Fall" ” . In International Relations Theory Today , Edited by: Booth , Ken and Smith , Steve . University Park : The Pennsylvania State University Press . Again, I must emphasize that ideational forces such as those exhibited in NATO have their genesis in structural processes, that is, that reality has an existence independent of, and prior to, human consciousness. The trouble with "intersubjective" analysis in critical models, is that it privileges consciousness over this objective reality. For an example of the consequences of this reversal, see
- Mearsheimer , John . 1990 . "Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War" . International Security , Summer See, for example,
- 1997 . "A Farewell to Arms Makers" . The Economist , 22 November : 69
- 1997 . "The Richest Plum in the Skies" . The Economist , 22 November : 70
- "Hornet International Support Centers", unpublished Boeing internal document
- 27 January 1995 . "The Defense Acquisition Challenge: Technological Supremacy at an Affordable Cost" ” . 27 January , Industrial College of the Armed Forces . Paul G. Kaminski, Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, Speech before the
- Gilpin , Robert . 1981 . War and Change in World Politics , 15 – 16 . New York : Cambridge University Press . >This description of the state and the exercise of sovereignty from
- 1997 . SIPRI Yearbook 1997 , 272 New York : Oxford University Press .
- Hillebrand , Helga L. 1997 . "Eintritt Verboten: German Firms Experience Tough Going in Seeking Access to the US Military Market" . Armed Forces Journal International , October : 18
- Co-oper , Richard . 28 February 1996 . “ Statement to the House National Security Committee ” . In Emerging Missile Threats to North America During the Next 15 Years 28 February , These systems included the US Army's Theater High-Altitude Air Defense (THAAD), the Joint American/German/Italian Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS), the Navy "Theater Wide" and "Area" systems. THAAD and Navy Theater-Wide being the most capable of these ground-based interceptors. For a discussion of the nature of ballistic missile threats to both the United States and Europe, see
- Lesser , Ian and Tellis , Ashley . 1997 . Strategic Exposure: Proliferation Around the Mediterranean , Santa Monica : Rand Corporation .
- Gilpin , Robert . 1981 . War and Change in World Politics , New York : Cambridge University Press . Speaking explicitly of the replacement of one global hegemon with another. Instead of seeing off the American challenge, the British chose to join it. One hopes that the US will be so wise
- Kennedy , Paul . 1989 . The Rise and Fou of Great Powers , New York : Vintage Books .
- Mearsheimer , John . 1994/95 . "The False Promise of International Institutions" . International Security , 3 Winter For an excellent overview of the range of international theory from Realist to Constructivist, see
- Wendt , Alexander . 1995 . "Constructing International Politics" . International Security , 1 Summer : 75 and the replies in the Summer 1995 issue of International Security, including
- Mearsheimer , John . 1990 . "Back to the Future, Instability in Europe After the Cold War" . International Security , 1 Summer See
- Waltz , Kenneth . 1981 . "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More may be Better" ” . In Adelphi Papers , Vol. 171 , London : International Institute for Strategic Studies .
- Dunnigan , James F. 1993 . How to Make War , New York : William Morrow and Co. . See
- Odom , William . 1993 . America's Military Revolution , Washington : The American University Press . See
- 1997 . Figures from SIPRI Yearbook 1997 , 165 New York : Oxford University Press .
- Adelman , Kenneth L. and Augustine , Norman R. 1990 . The Defense Revolution: Strategy for a Brave New World , 99 San Francisco : ICS Press . This "techflation" is illustrated in detail in
- Schwartz , David N. 1983 . NATO's Nuclear Dilemmas , Washington : The Brookings Institution . This period of time is littered with the wreckage of books predicting the imminent end of the Atlantic alliance, from such varied issues as the Suez crisis, superpower strategic parity, intermediate-range nuclear forces, and the end of the Cold War. Despite this, the alliance continues. See, for example,
- Gordon , Philip . 1995 . France, Germany and the Western Alliance , Boulder, CO : The Westview Press . See for example,
- Kaldor , Mary and Schmeder , Genevieve . 1997 . The European Rupture: The Defense Sector in Transition , Lyme : The United Nations University Press .
- McLean , Alasdair and Lovie , Fraser . 1997 . Europe's Final Frontier: The Search for Security Through Space , Commick : The Nova Science Publishers .
- Starr , Barbara . 1997 . "USA Warns of Three-tier NATO Technology Rift" . Jane's Defence Weekly , 1 October
- Cohen , William S. May 1997 . Report of the Quadrennial Defense Review May , 41
- Ibid., p. 20
- Keohane , Robert and Nye , Joseph . 1989 . Power and Interdependence , New York : HarperCollins Publishers . For the first rigorous treatment of the concept of interdependence, see
- 1998 . "Lockheed-Northrop Deal Faces Hurdles" . Wall Street Journal , 10 March
- Senior NATO official, November 1997
- Ibid., p. 48
- Ibid., p. 8
- Papayoanou , Paul A. 1996 . "Interdependence, Institutions and the Balance of Power: Britain, Germany and World War II" . International Security , 4 Spring : 42 – 76 . For a more detailed description of this particular case, and its implications for the idea of interdependence, see
- Rosecrance , Richard . 1995 . Rise of the Trading State , New York : Basic Books . See, for example,
- Moon , Chung-in . 1988 . "Complex Interdependence and Transnational Lobbying: South Korea in the United States" . International Studies Quarterly , 32 : 67 – 89 . For an interesting look at interstate lobbying and the permeability of state decision-making structures, see
- Fulghum , David A. 1997 . "Defense Planners Wary of Mergers" . Aviation Week & Space Technology , 29 September : 33 Quoted in
- Velocci , Anthony L. 1998 . "Face-off Over Merger Leaves Industry Reeling" . Aviation Week and Space Technology , 16 March : 24
- Fukuyama , Francis . 1992 . The End of History and the Last Man , New York : Avon Books . For a tour deforce examination of universal ideational forces as the most important feature in international politics, see
- Anthony , Ian . October 1990 . West European Arms Production , SIPRI Research Report October , 5
- Velocci , Anthony Jr . 1997 . "Industry Survey Yields Clues to Future US Vendor Base" . Aviation Week and Space Technology , 24 November : 68
- 1997 . SIPRI Yearbook 1997 , 286 New York : Oxford University Press .
- Eliassen , Kjell A. 1998 . "European Foreign and Security Policy in the Future" ” . In Foreign and Security Policy in the European Union , Edited by: Eliassen , Kjell A. 216 – 21 . Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications . See
- Matthews , Ron . 1992 . European Armaments Collaboration: Policy, Problems and Prospects , 36 Philadelphia : Harwood Academic Publishers . The IPEG is an independent European "caucus" within NATO. It was formed in 1976 to increase standardization and interoperability of weapons systems, and to maintain healthy European defense industries through co-operation and joint research. See
- Facer , Roger . 1975 . "The Alliance and Europe: Part ÉIII Weapons Procurement in Europe - Capabilities and Choices" ” . In Adelphi Paper , Vol. 108 , 32 London : International Institute for Strategic Studies . British Prime Minister Harold Wilson, quoted in
- Matthews , Ron . 1992 . European Armaments Collaboration: Policy, Problems and Prospects , 22 Philadelphia : Harwood Academic Publishers . For a detailed explanation of juste retour see,
- Taylor , Trevor . 1994 . "West European Security and Defense Co-operation: Maastricht and Beyond" . International Affairs , 1 : 14 See also
- Velocci , Anthony Jr . 1997 . "US, Europe Struggle for Competitive Advantage" . Aviation Week and Space Technology , 9 June : 48
- 1997 . SIPRI Yearbook 1997 , 293 New York : Oxford University Press .
- 1995 . France, Germany, and the Western Alliance , Boulder : Westview Press . The term "functional spillover" denotes a self-reinforcing process where defense issues involving the most intimate and sensitive areas of national sovereignty would facilitate integration and co-operation in the political realm (or vice-versa). Philip Gordon uses this term to describe military and political issues between France and Germany in
- de Vestel , Pierre . 1998 . "The Future of Armament Co-operation in NATO and the WEU" ” . In Foreign and Security Policy in the European Union , Edited by: Eliassen , Kjell A. 197 – 215 . Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications .
- Morrocco , John . 1998 . "Restructuring Formula Proving Elusive for European Industry" . Aviation Week and Space Technology , 22 Match : 83 "British Aerospace, DASA and CASA see great benefits form managing existing programs on a single corporate basis. Joint projects, such as the multibillion-dollar Eurofighter, could be produced far more efficiently"
- Beal , Clifford . 1997 . "Europeans Pave Way to Aerospace Integration" . Jane's Defence Weekly , 12 November : 38
- Stuart , Douglas and Tow , William . 1990 . The Limits of Alliance: NATO Out-of-Area Problems Since 1949 , Baltimore : The Johns Hoptins University Press . See
- 1998 . "DoD Scrambles to Shape Merger Approval Policies: Impending Trans-Atlantic Deals Speeds Pentagon's Pace" . Defense News , 14-20 December : 1
- Stonier , Luc . 1995 . "Common Interests, Values and Criteria for Action" ” . In Towards a Common Defense Policy , Edited by: Martin , Lawrence and Roper , John . Paris : Institute for Security Studies of the WEU . From
- February 1995 . A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement February , White House Document
- Huntington , Samuel . 1996 . The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order , New York : Simon and Schuster . For a description of this civilizational identity, see
- Risse-Kappen , Thomas . 1995 . Bringing Transnational Relations Back In , 30 New York : Cambridge University Press .
- 1995 NATO Handbook 245 The essential nature of the ICS is constantly repeated by NATO officials. See, for example, "New Strategic Concept" agreed to at the 1991 Heads of State meeting in Rome. From the
- WEU . 1995 . "European Armed Forces" . WEU Document 1468 , 12 June : 145
- Rosecrance , Richard . 1996 . "The Rise of the Trading State" . Foreign Affairs , July/August : 45 – 61 . For an explanation of this transformation, see
- 1995 NATO Handbook 245 These changes are outlined in the Alliance's "New Strategic Concept" agreed to at the 1991 Heads of State meeting in Rome. From the
Defense Analysis
Volume 16, 2000 - Issue 1