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Original Articles

The national factor in Ukraine's quadruple transition

Pages 143-164 | Published online: 01 Jul 2010

References

  • Przeworski , A. 1995 . Sustainable Democracy 11 Cambridge
  • Munck , G. L. 1997 . 'Bringing Postcommunist Societies into Democratization Studies' . Slavic Review , 56 ( 3 ) : 545
  • J. A. Hall's 'double transition' is defined as a) democratization and marketization and b) nation building. See his 'In Search of Civil Society', in J. A. Hall (ed.), Civil Society. Theory, History, Comparison, Cambridge, 1996, p. 22. Offe's 'triple transition' refers to democratization, marketization and state building. See op. cit., C. Offe, 'Capitalism by Democratic Design?' For an alternative viewpoint see my own 'Ukraine: A FourPronged Transition' in T. Kuzio (ed.), Contemporary Ukraine. Dynamics of Post-Soviet Transformation, Armonk, NY, 1998, pp. 165-80.
  • Motyl , A. J. 1997 . "The Non-Russian States' . Freedom Review , 28 ( 1 ) : 53
  • Rustow , D. 1970 . Transitions to Democracy. Towards a Dynamic Model' . Comparative Politics , 2 ( 3 ) : 350
  • See T. Kuzio, 'National Identity and Foreign Policy: The East Slavic Conundrum' in op. cit., T. Kuzio (ed.). Contemporary Ukraine, pp. 221-44.
  • Parekh , B. 1995 . 'Cultural Pluralism and the Limits of Diversity' . Alternatives , 20 ( 4 ) : 437
  • Parekh , B. 1994 . 'Discourses on National Identity' . Political Studies , 42 ( 3 ) : 502
  • Ibid., p. 22.
  • Ibid., pp. 73-4. Canovan believes that, "This capacity for long-term mobilization is also, I suggest, the best available test of whether or not a nation actually exists' (p. 74).
  • L. Binder, 'National Integration and Political Development', American Political Science Review, Vol. 58, No. 3,1964, p. 628.
  • A 1993-4 poll found that 25-26% were simultaneously Russian and Ukrainian. See P. S. Pine, 'National Identity and Politics in Southern and Eastern Ukraine', Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 48, No. 7,1996, p. 1087.
  • M. McAuley, Russia's Politics of Uncertainty, Cambridge, 1997, p. 300.
  • Ibid., p. 16.
  • See V. ToIz, 'Forging the Nation: National Identity and Nation Building in Postcommunist Russia', Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 50, No. 6, 1998, pp. 993-1022 and 'Conflicting "Homeland Myths" and Nation-State Building in Postcommunist Russia', Slavic Review, Vol. 57, No. 2,1998, pp. 267-94
  • See Chapter One, 'Post-colonialism and Borderland Identities' in G. Smith, V. Law, A. Wilson, A. Bohr and E. Allworth, Nation-building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands. The Politics of National Identities, Cambridge, 1998, pp. 1-22.
  • 1997 . 'Russkiye na Ukraine' . Kyiv Centre for Political Research and Conflict Studies , July
  • Shulman , S. 1998 . 'Competing versus Complimentary Identities: Ukrainian-Russian Relations and the Loyalties of Russians in Ukraine' . Nationalities Papers , 26 ( 4 ) : 615 – 32 . A poll in Donets'k gave 58% support for Ukraine's membership of the Russian- Belarusian union (Sotsial'no-Politicheskaya Situatsiya v Ukraine, Ukrainian Centre for Political Research and Conflict Studies, Kyiv No. 9, September 1997, p. 23). Another poll by the Donets'k Information and Analytical Centre gave an even higher figure of 73% (Holos Ukraiiny, 4 March 1999). See also
  • Kuzio , T. and Meyer , D. 1999 . "The Donbas and Crimea: An Institutional and Demographic Approach to Ethnic Mobilisation in Two Ukrainian Regions' ” . In State and Institution Building in Ukraine Edited by: Kuzio , T. , Kravchuk , R. S. and D'Anieri , P. 297 – 324 . New York
  • Smith , G. and Wilson , A. 1997 . 'Rethinking Russia's Post-Soviet Diaspora: The Potential for Political Mobilisation in Eastern Ukraine and North Eastern Estonia' . Europe-Asia Studies , 49 ( 5 ) : 845 – 6 . and op. cit., P. S. Pirie, 'National Identity and Politics in Southern and Eastern Ukraine', p. 1085
  • Guboglo , M. M. 1996 . "The Disintegration and Synthesis of Identity in Post-Soviet Space and Time (The Case of Ukraine) . The Harriman Review , 9 ( 1-2 ) : 96
  • Op. cit., P. S. Pirie, 'National Identity and Politics in Southern and Eastern Ukraine', p. 1099.
  • Ibid., p. 1090.
  • Op. cit., G. Smith and A. Wilson, 'Rethinking Russia's Post-Soviet Diaspora', p. 855.
  • Yuri I. Shevchuk, 'Citizenship in Ukraine: A Western Perspective' in J. S. Micgiel (ed.), State and Nation Building in East Central Europe. Contemporary Perspectives, New York, 1996, p. 355.
  • See T. Kuzio, Ukraine. State and Nation Building, London, 1998, pp. 144-66 and 'Defining the Political Community in Ukraine' in op. cit., T. Kuzio, R. S. Kravchuk and P. D'Anieri (eds), State and Institution Building in Ukraine, pp. 213-244.
  • Op. cit., M. M. Guboglo, "The Disintegration and Synthesis of Identity in Post-Soviet Space and time', p. 102.
  • Catherine Wanner, Burden of Dreams. History and Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine, Pennsylvania, 1998, p. 18.
  • Ibid., p. 48.
  • Ibid., p. 73.
  • Holos Ukraiiny, 4 March 1999.
  • Zerkalo Nedeli, 6-12 March 1999.
  • See Rainer Munz and Rainer Obliger, Die Ukraine nach der Unabhangigkeit. Nationsbildung zwischen ost und West, BIOST, No. 5,1999.
  • President Leonid Kuchma as quoted by Interfax, 12 March 1999.
  • Ukraiina moloda, 4 March 1999.
  • See the interview with the former head of the presidential administration, Yevhen Kushnariov, in Uriadovyi Kurier, 26 January 1999.
  • Vechimyi Kyiv, 4 March 1999.
  • Quoted from Kuchma's speech to the founding congress of Zlahoda in Uriadovyi Kurier, 20 March 1999.
  • Uriadovyi Kurier, 10 March 1999.
  • See T. Kuzio, Ukraine. Perestroika to Independence, London, 2000.
  • The GUUAM group links together the pro-western and pro-NATO countries of Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaidzhan and Moldova in the CIS. AU five countries are led by pragmatic westernizers. See T. K. 'Geopolitical Pluralism in the CIS: The Rise of GUUAM: Problems of Post-Communism, Vol. 47, No. 3, 2000, pp. 25-35.
  • See Paul Kubicek, 'Post-Soviet Ukraine: In Search of a Constituency for Reform', Journal of Communist Studies & Transition Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3,1997, pp. 103-26. For an alternative view which links these factors see P. D'Anieri, R. S. Kravchuk and T. Kuzio, Politics and Society in Ukraine, Boulder, CO, 1999.
  • Moskovskiye Novosti, 5-12 April 1998.
  • See Andrew Wilson, Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s. A Minority Faith, Cambridge, 1997; and T. Kuzio, 'National Identity in Independent Ukraine: An Identity in Transition', Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Vol. 2, No. 4,1996, pp. 582-608.
  • See Chapter Five, 'Politics and Civil Society' in op. cit., P. D'Anieri, R. S. Kravchuk and T. Kuzio, Politics and Society in Ukraine, pp. 141-165.
  • See V. Vujacic, 'Historical Legacies, Nationalist Mobilization and Political Outcomes in Russia and Serbia: A Weberian View', Theory and Society, Vol. 25, No. 6, 19%, pp. 763-801.
  • See A. Wilson, "The Ukrainian Left: In Transition to Social Democracy or Still in Thrall to the USSR?', Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 49, No. 7,1997, pp. 1293-316.
  • On the strength of the nationalist underground see Jeffrey Burds, 'AGENTURA: Soviet Informants' Networks & the Ukrainian Underground in Galicia, 1944-48', East European Politics and Society, Vol. 11, No. 1,1997, pp. 89-130. For a comparison on how this affected Soviet nationality policies in western Ukraine in relation to western Belarusia, where nationalist partisans had not existed, see Roman Szporluk, 'West Ukraine and West Belarussia. Historical Tradition, Social Communication, and Linguistic Assimilation', Soviet Studies, Vol. XXXI, No. 1,1979, pp. 76-98.
  • "The nationalist position on the future course of Ukraine's foreign and defence policy is clear enough, and can be neatly summarized as anti-Russian and pro-European,' See op. cit., A. Wilson, Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s, p. 173.
  • See my review of Wilson's volume in International Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 2,1997, p. 386.
  • See T. Kuzio, 'Radical Nationalist Parties and Movements in Contemporary Ukraine Before and After Independence: The Right and its Politics, 1989-1994', Nationalities Papers, Vol. 25, No. 2,1997, pp. 211-42.
  • Ibid., p. 363.
  • H. V. Kas'ianov, 'Ukraiins'kyi natsionalizm: problema naukovo pereosmyslennia', Ukraiins'kyi Istorychnyi Zhurnal, No. 2, March-April 1998, pp. 39-54.
  • Ibid., A. Przeworski, Sustainable Democracy, p. 12.
  • C. Offe, 'Capitalism by Democratic Design? Democratic Theory Facing the Triple Transition in East Central Europe', Social Research, Vol. 58, No. 4,1991, pp. 865-81.
  • D. Miller, On Nationality, Oxford, 1997, p. 162.
  • Ibid, p. 140.
  • Op. cit., M. Canovan, Nationhood and Political Theory, p. 137.
  • Quoted from Pustovoitenko's speech to the congress of the People's Democratic party of Ukraine (NDPU) in Uriadovyi Kurier, 24 November 1998.
  • See G. O. Liber, 'Imagining Ukraine: Regional Differences and the Emergence of an Integrated State Identity, 1926-1994', Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1998, pp. 187-206.
  • Kievskiye Vedomosti, 11 August 1998 and Zerkalo Nedeli, 6 February 1999.
  • M. Canovan, Nationhood and Political Theory, Cheltenham, 1996, p. 28.
  • The three stages are a) heritage-gathering b) organizational and c) political. See P. R. Magosci, "The Ukrainian National Revival: A New Analytical Framework', Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, Vol. XVl, Nos. 1-2,1989, pp. 45-62.
  • Bohdan Nahaylo, The Ukrainian Resurgence, London, 1998, p. 432.

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