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Original Articles

Social Change in Provincial Russia: The Intelligentsia in a Raion Centre

Pages 677-694 | Published online: 02 Jul 2010

References

  • Ashwin , Sarah . 1995 . '"There's No Joy Anymore": the Experience of Reform in a Kuzbass Mining Settlement' . Europe-Asia Studies , 47 ( 8 ) for a portrait of a small Siberian town
  • 1998 . Rossiiskii statisticheskii ezhegodnik 1998 , 132 – 133 . Moscow : Goskomstat . The figure includes 'settlements of urban type' (poselki gorodskogo tipa) as well as 'towns' (goroda), which are often smaller than places officially classed as 'settlements'
  • Pokrovsky , N. E. 1999 . “ 'Goryachee dykhanie vlasti' ” . In Na pereput'e (Novye vekhi) , 63 Moscow : Logos .
  • Gessen , Masha . 1997 . Dead Again: the Russian Intelligentsia after Communism , London : Verso .
  • Kovaleva , T. 1995 . 'Rossiiskoe studenchestvo v usloviyakh perekhodnogo perioda' . Sots. is. , 1 : 143
  • See e.g.E. Meshkova, reviewing K. Razlogov & I. Butenko (eds), Kul'turnaya politika Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost' (GIVTs Minkul'tury, 1996) in Sots. is., 1997, 6, p. 141.
  • See e.g.L. Ionin, 'Kul'tura i sotsial'naya struktura', Sots. is., 1996, 3, p. 33; L. Belyaeva, '"Novye srednie" v Rossii', Svobodnaya mysl', 1998, 7, p. 33.
  • E.g. Galkin, 'Tendentsii izmeneniya …'.
  • See e.g. Golenkova & Igitkhanyan, 'Srednie sloi …'.
  • E. Klopov, 'Iz pervykh opytov issledovaniya sotsial'noi stmktury sovremennogo rossiiskogo obshchestva', Sots. is., 1996, 8, p. 140.
  • Aleksandr Galkin agrees that the official Soviet social classification system 'remains an important element in social consciousness and form of self-identification for a significant proportion of the population'. 'Tendentsii izmeneniya ' p. 85.
  • On their self-identification as a 'leading stratum' in Irkutsk see Z. Golenkova et al., 'Sotsial' naya stratifikatsiya gorodskogo naseleniya', Sots. is., 1995, 5.
  • In 1998: Tverskaya oblast'v tsifrakh, 1997, p. 16.
  • Zub. zh., 23 November 1996, p. 2; L. Volodina, 'Vybor svoi zdelala', Zub. zh., 21 November 1996, p. 2; M. Telegina, 'V organy vlasti--molodykh', Zub. zh., 3 December 1996, p. 2.
  • 1997 . 'Rezul'taty golosovaniya po vyboram deputata Zakonnogo sobraniya' . Zub. zh. , 18 December : 1 Krylov may have compromised himself by continuing to work in the local administration
  • Podvoisky , N. 1999 . 'Za derzhavu obidno …' . Zub. zh. , 30 April : 2 and interviews
  • Podvoisky , N. 1999 . 'Raionnaya administratsiya ob itogakh minuvshego goda' . Zubtsovskaya zhizn' (henceforth Zub. zh.) , 18 January : 1
  • Ibid.
  • 1999 . 'Pozhar v Zubtsove' . Zub. zh , 16 March : 1
  • Podvoisky . “ 'Raionnaya administratsiya …' ” . 2
  • 1999 . Zub. zh. , 6 April Information from N. Podvoisky, sub-editor of
  • Burdina , L. 1999 . 'Prestupnost' rastet god ot goda' . Zub. zh , 18 January : 4
  • Kotkin , S. 1996 . 'Kazhdyi narod dostoin togo pravitel' stva, kotoroe imeet' . Zub. zh. , 30 November : 2
  • Kotkin , S. 1999 . 'Kontrol' naya dlya vlastei' . Zub. zh. , 30 January : 1 (on a teachers' strike)
  • 1999 . Viktor Gromov , May
  • Sokolova , T. and Kotkin , S. 1997 . 'Ot zubchan--spasibo' . Zub. zh. , 11 January : 4 Interview with manager
  • Zhuchkova , I. 1996 . 'Nadezhdu ne teryaem' . Zub. zh. , 28 December
  • Information from Silaeva, Dzhumaeva, Sokolova. In Moscow oblast' 29% of teachers are under 30 years old. L. Orlova, 'O sotsial'nom samochuvstvii uchitelei Moskovskoi oblasti', Sots, is., 1998, 8, p. 89. However, there are also reported to be serious problems in persuading graduates of teacher training colleges to teach. See e.g.T. Pankova, 'Zhiznennye plany vypusknikov pedagogicheskogo kolledzha i ikh realizatsiya', Sots. is., 1996, 1.
  • Only one (of 31) women interviewees was even considering leaving. See also U. Borisova, 'Sotsial'nyi portret uchitelya Respubliki Sakhi', Sots. is., 1998, 8, p. 84. However, there was a greater sense of the possibility of changing one's job in Moscow oblast'. See Orlova, 'O sotsial'nom …' p. 90.
  • 1997 . 'Pochemu ya stala chelnokom' . Zub. zh. , 11 January : 2
  • Walker , Michael . 1998 . “ 'Survival strategies in an industrial town in East Ukraine' ” . In Surviving Post-Socialism: Local strategies and regional responses in eastern EuroP46e and the former Soviet Union , Edited by: Bridget , Sue and Pine , Frances . 195 86 London : Routledge . Michael Walker discusses a similar 'mental block' against trading affecting professional people in Lugansk.
  • Burdina , L. 1996 . 'Predvaritel'nye itogi' . Zub. zh. , 12 December : 4 Interviews;
  • Averbukh , V. 1999 . 'Priklyuchenie amerikantsev v strane vechnykh zagadok' . Izvestiya , 30 January : 5 Cf. the suggestion that in autumn 1998 (i.e. post-'crisis', pre-Kosovo), every third Russian was 'dreaming' of emigration.. Dreams and intentions are of course rather different
  • 1993 . 'Kak golosovali zubchane' . Zub. zh. , 18 December : 1 Calculated from voting figures in
  • 1995 . 'Kak golosovali zubchane' . Zub. zh. , 23 December : 1 Yavlinsky supporters could feel particularly frustrated that they were in such small company. In 1993 Yabloko received 3.2%, in 1995, 3.5% of the vote; in 1996 Yavlinsky received 4.5% of votes cast
  • 1996 . 'Vybory prezidenta Rossii: protokol' . Zub. zh. , 22 June : 1
  • 1996 . 'Rossiya vybrala svoego prezidenta' . Zub. zh. , 6 July : 1 (percentages calculated by author). There were 13446 valid votes;
  • 1996 . 'Tak golosovali goroda i raiony oblasti' . Zub. zh. , 25 June : 1
  • 1996 . 'Vybory prezidenta RF sostoyalis" . Zub. zh. , 18 June : 1
  • Kotkin , S. 1996 . 'Kazhdyi narod dostoin togo pravitel' stva, kotoroe imeet' . Zub. zh. , 30 November : 2 (on local election results)
  • Rose , Richard . 1998 . Getting Things done with Social Capital: New Russia Barometer VII , 44 Glasgow : University of Strathclyde, Studies in Public Policy 303 .
  • 1999 . 'Den' Pobedy v gorode i raione' . Zub. zh. , 14 May : 1
  • Aleksandrov , S. 1998 . 'Pamyat' Mafiny Tsvetaevoi' . Zub. zh. , 24 September : 4
  • Savitskaya , N. 1999 . 'Rodniki prekrasnogo' . Zub. zh. , 27 February : 4
  • Wedel , Janine R. 1998 . Collision and Collusion: the Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe 1989-1998 , 68 Basingstoke : Macmillan .
  • White , A. 'Stress and Identity Change: the Experience of Professional Women in Provincial Russia' . paper delivered to conference on 'Gender and Health in Transition' . 15 January . University of Cambridge . This article is mainly about intelligentsia identity and intellectual survival. On physical survival and health, see
  • L. N. Kogan makes similar points about the raion intelligentsia in Sverdlovsk oblast' in 'Dukhovnyi potentsial provintsii vchera i segodnya', Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya (henceforth Sots. is.), 1997, 4; as do Z. Golenkova & E. Igitkhanyan, writing about the small republican capital of Elista in 'Srednie sloi v sovremennoi Rossii', Sots. is., 1998, 7. In April 1999 the return bus fare from Zubtsov to Tver' or Moscow was about 80 rubles. At the same time, an experienced schoolteacher earned about 600 rabies a month and many librarians around 300.
  • Pirogov , G. and Pronin , S. 1999 . “ 'The Russian case: social policy concerns' ” . In Poverty in Transition and Transition in Poverty , Edited by: Atal , Yogesh . New York and Oxford, Berghahn, and Pads : UNESCO . See e.g.A. Galkin, 'Tendentsii izmeneniya sotsial'noi struktury', Sots. is., 1998, 10, p. 87; F. Sheregi & V. Kharcheva, 'Sotsial'nye problemy vuzovskoi nauki', Sots. is., 1996, 1, p. 76;
  • Shlapentokh , Vladimir , Levita , Roman and Loiberg , Mikhail . 1999 . From Submission to Rebellion: the Provinces versus the Center in Russia , 216 Boulder : Westview . Ibid., pp. 32-34;
  • Pilkington , Hilary . 1998 . Migration, Displacement and Identity in Post-Soviet Russia , London : Routledge . However, deskilling was less extreme than among the migrants to rural areas described in
  • Cherednyakh , G. 1999 . 'Andreyu Kurbanovu' . Zub. zh. , 16 March : 4 The Russian is: I zdes', na vystavke, vysokoparnykh Ya ne boyus' segodnya slov. V foie tak neobychno, stranno, Ved' dlya Zubtsova eto - nov'
  • 1999 . 'Nachalas' podpiska na gazetu "Zubtsovskaya zhizn" ' . Zub. zh. , 26 March : 8
  • Lebedeva , T. 1999 . 'Vse my rodom iz detstva' . Zub. zh. , 14 May : 6
  • White , Anne . 1990 . Destalinization and the House of Culture: Declining State Control over Leisure in the USSR, Poland and Hungary, 1953-1989 , London : Routledge .
  • Ivanyutina , O. 1999 . 'Itogi konkursa bibliotek' . Zub. zh. , 26 March : 1 The competition was for the best 'massovoe meropriyatie', a Soviet and near-untranslatable term, literally 'measure for the masses', better translated as 'public event'. See
  • Rubina , L. 1996 . 'Professional'noe i sotsial'noe samochuvstvie uchitelei' . Sots. is. , 6 : 69
  • Russian research on teachers supports the view that having 'cultured' colleagues is considered to be among the most important aspects of the profession. See e.g. ibid., pp. 66 and 70.
  • Kotkin , S. 1999 . 'Kontrol'naya dlya vlastei' . Zub. zh. , 30 January : 1
  • Kuteinikov , S. 1999 . 'Estestvennyi otbor v bor'be za vyzhivanie' . Zub. zh. , 30 January : 4

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