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The European Legacy
Toward New Paradigms
Volume 5, 2000 - Issue 5
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Original Articles

Carl Schmitt and the Transformation of the Political Subject

Pages 703-716 | Published online: 01 Jul 2010

References

  • Kennedy , Ellen . 1987 . "Carl Schmitt and the Frankfurt School," . Telos , 71 : 37 – 66 .
  • Jay , Martin . 1987 . Alfons Sölnner and Ulrich Preuss that follow in the same issue, and Kennedy's rejoinder in . Telos , 73 : 101 – 16 . and the responses from
  • Johnson , Pauline . 1998 . "Carl Schmitt, Jürgen Habermas, and the Crisis of Politics," . The European Legacy , 6 : 15 – 32 . Of the recent monographs discussing Schmitt in this context
  • Mouffe , Chantai . 1993 . The Return of the Political , London : Verso .
  • McCormick , John P. 1997 . Carl Schmitt's Critique of Liberalism: Against Politics as Technology , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Wolin , Richard . 1992 . "Carl Schmitt: The Conservative Revolutionary Habitus and the Aesthetics of Horror," . Political Theory , 20 : 424 – 47 . There are more than scholarly reasons for this overemphasis. Most persistent of these is, of course, Nazism. Schmitt's affiliation with the Nazi regime in the years 1933-36 earned him a reputation of the Kronjurist of the Third Reich, and stigmatized his work for the rest of his intellectual career. While contemporary Schmitt studies is focused more on Schmitt's ideas and leaves questions concerning his personality behind, there still are serious attempts to confront Schmitt with the controversiality of his past. See, for example,
  • Huysmans , Jef . 1999 . "Know Your Schmitt: A Godfather of Truth and the Spectre of Nazism," . Review of International Studies , 25 : 323 – 8 .
  • Bendersky , Cf. Joseph W. 1983 . Carl Schmitt: Theorist for the Reich , 243 – 73 . New Jersey : Princeton University Press .
  • Feuerbach , Jean-Louis . 1988 . "La théorie du Großraum chez Carl Schmitt," ” . In Complexio Oppositorum-Über Carl Schmitt , 401 – 18 . Berlin : Duncker & Humblot .
  • Gottfried , Paul Edward . 1990 . Carl Schmitt: Politics and Theory , 83 – 100 . New York : Greenwood Press .
  • Palaver , Wolfgang . 1996 . "Carl Schmitt on Nomos and Space," . Telos , 106 : 105 – 27 .
  • Bendersky, Carl Schmitt, 237-42, 250-2.
  • Bassin , Mark . 1987 . "Race Contra Space: The Conflict Between German Geopolitik and National Socialism," . Political Geography Quarterly , 6 : 115 – 34 . See, for example
  • Murphy , David Thomas . 1997 . The Heroic Earth: Geopolitical Thought in Weimar Germany, 1918-1933 , Kent : The Kent State University Press . Murphy associates Schmitt's work with the disciplinary tradition known as geojurisprudence. This was a general sign for different organic legal theories attempting to integrate law and geopolitics
  • Willms , Bernard . 1991 . "Politics as Politics: Carl Schmitt's 'Concept of the Political' and the tradition of European Political Thought," . History of European Ideas , 13 : 371 – 83 . For a discussion of Schmitt and the tradition of political realism, See
  • Schmitt , Cf. Carl . "Politik [1936]," ” . In Staat, Großraum, Nomos 133 – 8 .
  • Freund , Julien . 1995 . "Schmitt's Political Thought," . Telos , 102 : 11 – 42 . esp. 15
  • Schmitt , Carl . 1996 [1932] . The Concept of the Political , Edited by: Schwab , George . 25 – 6 . Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .
  • Palonen , Kari . 1985 . Politik ab Handlungsbegriff: Horizontwandel des Politikbegriffs in Deutschland 1890-1933 , 138 Helsinki : The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters .
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 53 – 4 .
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 27
  • Kennedy , Cf. Ellen . 1988 . "Politischer Expressionismus: die kulturkritischen und metaphysischen Ursprünge des Begriffs des Politischen von Carl Schmitt," ” . In Complexio Oppositorum über Carl Schmitt , 233 – 51 . 249 – 50 . Berlin : Ducker & Humblot .
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 28
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 46 – 7 .
  • Freund . "Schmitt's Political Thought," ” . 16
  • Hirst , Paul . 1987 . "Carl Schmitt's Decisionism," . Telos , 72 : 15 – 26 . 17
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 67
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 28
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 32 – 3 .
  • Schmitt , Carl . 1939 . Vkerrecthliche Großraumordnung mit Interventionsverbot für raumfremde Mächte: ein Beitrag zum Reichsbegriff im Völkerrecht , 309 – 11 . Berlin : Duncker & Humblot . See, for example
  • Ulmen , Gary . 1996 . "Toward a New World Order: Introduction to Carl Schmitt's 'The Land Appropriation of a New World'," . Telos , 109 : 3 – 28 . 12 – 13 .
  • Schmitt , Carl . 1988 . "Die Rheinlande als Objekt internationaler Politik [1925]" ” . In Positionen und Begriffe: im Kampf mit Weimar-Genf-Versailles 1923-1939 , 26 – 33 . 28 – 29 . Berlin : Duncker & Humblot .
  • Freund . "Schmitt's Political Thought," ” . 15
  • cf. Palaver . "Carl Schmitt on Nomos and Space," ” . 110
  • Schwab , George . 1989 . The Challenge of the Exception: An Introduction to the Political Ideas of Carl Schmitt between 1921 and 1936, , 2nd ed. , 27 54 New York : Greenwood Press .
  • Reisen , Hans . 1973 . General Theory of Law and State , Edited by: Wedberg , Anders . New York : Russell & Russell . For Kelsen's conception of the state, see, for example
  • Schwab . The Challenge of the Exception 44 – 51 .
  • Gottfried, Carl Schmitt, 57-62.
  • Schmitt , Carl . 1985 . Political Theology , Edited by: Schwab , George . 6 Cambridge : MIT Press .
  • Gottfried, Carl Schmitt, 61-2.
  • Laski , Harold J. 1989 . "The Pluralistic State," ” . In The Pluralist Theory of the State , Edited by: Hirst , Paul Q. 183 – 96 . London : Routledge . For Schmitt's critique of pluralism, see, for example, The Concept of the Political, 40-5
  • Schwab . The Challenge of the Exception 56 – 8 .
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 49
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 56 – 7 .
  • Schmitt , Carl . 1997 . Der Nomos der Erde im Völkerrecht des Jus Publicum Europaeum, , 4th ed. , 156 – 62 . Berlin : Duncker & Humblot .
  • Piccone , Paul and Ulmen , Gary . 1990 . "Schmitt's 'Testament' and the Future of Europe," . Telos , 83 : 3 – 34 . 3 – 4 .
  • Schmitt . The Concept of the Political 69 – 79 .
  • Freund . "Schmitt's Political Thought," ” . 34 – 5 .
  • McCormick . Carl Schmitt's Critique of Liberalism 257
  • Adam , cf. Armin . 1992 . Rekonstruktion des Politischen; Carl Schmitt und die Kriese der Staatlichkeit 1912-1933 , 60 – 1 . Weinheim : VCH .
  • Here Schmitt refers to the appropriation of land between territorial states that constituted the law of the jus publicum Europaeum. For a good introduction to Schmitt's concept of the nomos, see Palaver, "Carl Schmitt on Nomos and Space."
  • Ulmen , Gary . 1987 . "American Imperialism and International Law: Carl Schmitt on the US in World Affeirs," . Telos , 72 : 43 – 71 . 53
  • Freund . "Schmitt's Political Thought," ” . 34
  • Freund . "Schmitt's Political Thought," ” . 35 – 6 .
  • Schmitt . Der Nomos der Erde 200 – 32 .
  • Bendersky . "Schmitt at Nuremberg," ” . 107 – 8 .
  • Naumann , Friedrich . 1916 . Mitteleuropa , 180 Berlin : Verlag von Georg Reimer .
  • Murphy . The Heroic Earth 61 – 3 . Neumann, Behemoth, 141-2; Bendersky, Carl Schmitt, 251
  • Schmitt , Carl . "Raum und Großraum im Völkerrecht [1940]," ” . In Staat, Großraum, Nomos: 234-68 235 – 6 .
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 15 – 19 .
  • Schmitt , Carl . "Die Auflösung der europäischen Ordnung im 'International Law' [1940]," ” . In Staat, Großraum, Nomos: 372-87 382 – 3 .
  • Tuathail , Gearoid O . 1996 . Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space , 46 London : Routledge .
  • Heske , Henning . 1986 . "German Geographical Research in the Nazi Period: A Content analysis of the Major Geography Journals, 1925-1945," . Political Geography Quarterly , 5 : 267 – 81 . 269
  • Schmitt . "Raum und Großraum im Völkerrecht," ” . 237
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 22 – 33 . Bendersky, Carl Schmitt, 253
  • Schmitt . Der Nomos der Erde 256
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 30
  • Ulmen . "American Imperialism and International Law," ” . 51
  • Schmitt . Der Nomos der Erde 261 – 7 .
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 22
  • Schmitt , Carl . "Völkerrechtliche Formen des modernen Imperialismus [1932]," ” . In Positionen und Begriffe: 162-80 167
  • Schmitt , Carl . "Großraum gegen Universalismus [1939]," ” . In Positionen und Begriffe: 295-302 295
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 32 – 3 .
  • Schmitt . "Großraum gegen Universalismus," ” . 295 – 7 .
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 27 – 8 .
  • Ulmen . "American Imperialism and International Law," ” . 58
  • Ulmen . "American Imperialism and International Law," ” . 54
  • Schmitt . Der Nomos der Erde 271
  • Piccone and Ulmen . "Schmitt's 'Testament'," ” . 29 – 34 .
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 23 49
  • Schmitt , Carl . "Völkerrechtliche Probleme in Rheingebiet [1928]," ” . In Positionen und Begriffe 97 – 108 . 107
  • Schmitt , Carl . "Neutralität und Neutralisierung [1939]," ” . In Positionen und Begriffe 271 – 95 . 291
  • See Bendersky, Carl Schmitt, 257.
  • Gruchmann , Lothar . 1962 . Nationalsozialistische Grossraumordnung: Die Konstruktion einer 'Deutschen Monroe-doktrin' , 23 Stuttgart : Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt .
  • Schmitt . "Neutralität und Neutralisierung," ” . 302 Bendersky, Carl Schmitt, 255
  • Schmitt . Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung 46 – 7 . Bendersky, Carl Schmitt, 254, 259; "Carl Schmitt at Nuremberg," 110-16
  • Scheuerman , William E. 1999 . Carl Schmitt: The End of Law , 175 – 80 . Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. . Schmitt explicitly dissociates his Großraumprinzip from other geopolitical conceptions of his time, such as the natural boundaries of states, regional pacts like the League of Nations and Haushofer's Lebensraum, or as Schmitt called it, the "demographic right" of the stronger nations. See Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung, 15-22; see also
  • Schmitt , Carl . "Völkerbund und Europa [1928]," ” . In Positionen und Begriffe 88 – 97 . 88 – 9 . See, for example
  • Piccone and Ulmen . "Schmitt's Testament," ” . 13 – 14 . 29 – 30 .
  • Schmitt , Carl . 1990 . "The Plight of European Jurisprudence [1943/44]," . Telos , 83 : 35 – 70 .
  • Gruchmann . Nationalsozialistische Grossraumordnung 121
  • Maschke , Günter . "Vorwort," ” . In Schmitt, Staat, Großraum, Nomos: XIII-XXVII XXII
  • Bendeisky, Carl Schmitt, 255-6; Scheuerman, Carl Schmitt, 169-73.
  • Maschke . "Vorwort," ” . XXV

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