Speech Rate Estimates, Language of Schooling and Bilingual Digit Span

References

• Baddeley , A. D. 1990 . Human memory: Theory and practice , Boston , MA : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley , A. and Andrade , J. 1994 . Reversing the word-length effect: A comment on Caplan, Rochon and Waters . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 47A : 1047 – 1054 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddeley , A. D. , Thompson , N. and Buchanan , M. 1975 . Word length and the structure of short-term memory . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 14 : 575 – 589 .
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley , A. D. , Lewis , V. J. and Vallar , G. 1984 . Exploring the articulatory loop . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 36 : 233 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunell , V. and Linnakylä , P. 1994 . Swedish speakers’ literacy in the Finnish Society . Journal of Reading , 37 : 368 – 375 .
   Google Scholar
• Caplan , D. and Waters , G. S. 1994 . Articulatory length and phonolog ical similarity in span tasks: A reply to Baddeley and Andrade . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 47A : 1055 – 1062 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplan , D. , R ochon , E. and Waters , G. S. 1992 . Articulatory suppression and phonological determinants of word-length effects in span tasks . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 45A : 177 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case , R. , Kurland , D. M. and Goldberg , J. 1982 . Operational efficiency and growth of short-term memory span . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 33 : 386 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , J. 1981 . A crossroads in language instruction . Journal of Reading , 22 : 411 – 415 .
   Google Scholar
• Chincotta , D. Immediate memory for Arabic numerals and digit words: Testing the chunking hypothesis . Paper presented at the 5th European Congress of Psychology . July 6–11 , Dublin .
   Google Scholar
• Chincotta , D. and Hoosain , R. 1995 . Reading rate, articulatory suppression and bilingual digit span . European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , 7 : 201 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chincotta , D. and Underwood , G. 1996a . Mother tongue, language of schooling and bilingual digit span . British Journal of Psychology , 87 : 193 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chincotta , D. and Underwood , G. Mother tongue, language of schooling and bilingual word length effects . Presentation at the AILA 11th World Congress of Applied Linguistics . August 4–9 , JyvaÈskylaÈ , Finland.
   Google Scholar
• Chincotta , D. and Underwood , G. 1997a . Digit span and articulatory suppression: A cross-linguistic comparison . European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , 9 : 89 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chincotta , D. and Underwood , G. 1997b . Bilingual memory span advantage for Arabic numerals over digit words . British Journal of Psychology , 88 : 295 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. and Cohen , P. 1983 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , 2nd edn. , London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Cowan , N. , Day , L. , Saults , J. S. , Keller , T. A. , Johnson , T. and Flores , L. 1992 . The role of verbal output time on the effects of word length on immediate memory . Journal of Memory and Language , 31 : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Costa Pinto , A. 1991 . Reading rates and digit span in bilinguals: The superiority of mother tongue . International Journal of Psychology , 26 : 471 – 483 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempster , F. N. 1981 . Memory span: Sources of individual and developmental differences . Psychological Bulletin , 89 : 63 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot , J. M. 1992 . Forward digit span and articulation speed for Malay, English, and two Chinese dialects . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 74 : 291 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , N. C. 1992 . “ Linguistic relativity revisited. The bilingual word-length effect in working memory during counting, remembering numbers, and mental calculation ” . In Cognitive processing in bilinguals , Edited by: Harris , R. J. 137 – 155 . London : North Holland .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , N. C. and Hennelly , R. A. 1980 . A bilingual word-length effect: Implications for intelligence testing and the relative ease of mental calculation in Welsh and English . British Journal of Psychology , 71 : 43 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhand , S. J. , Deregowski , J. B. and McAllister , H. 1995 . Stroop phenomenon as a measure of cognitive functioning of bilingual (Gaelic/English) subjects . British Journal of Psychology , 86 : 89 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , L. A. 1991 . The effects of word length and phonemic similarity in young children’s short-term memory . Quarterly Journal of Experim ental Psychology , 43A : 35 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , L. A. and Millar , S. 1991 . Memory span increase with age: A test of two hypotheses . Journal of Experim ental Child Psychology , 51 : 459 – 484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitch , G. J. , Halliday , M. S. and Littler , J. F. 1989 . Item identification time and rehearsal rate as predictors of memory span in children . Quarterly Journal of Experim ental Psychology , 41A : 321 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoosain , R. and Sallili , F. 1988 . “ Language differences, working memory, and mathematical ability ” . In Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues , Vol. 2: Clinical and educational implications Edited by: Gruneberg , M. M. , Morris , P. E. and Sykes , R. N. 512 – 517 . Chichester : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Hulme , C. and Muir , C. 1985 . Developmental changes in speech rate and memory span: A causal relationship? . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 3 : 175 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulme , C. , Thomson , N. , Muir , C. and Lawrence , A. 1984 . Speech rate and the development of short-term memory . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 38 : 241 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulme , C. , Maughan , S. and Brown , G. D. A. 1991 . Memory for familiar and unfamiliar words: Evidence for a long-term memory contribution to short-term memory span . Journal of Memory and L anguage , 30 : 685 – 701 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulme , C. , Roodenrys , S. , Brown , G. and Mercer , R. 1995 . The role of long-term memory mechanisms in memory span . British Journal of Psychology , 86 : 527 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kail , R. 1992 . Processing speed, speech rate, and memory . Developmental Psychology , 28 : 899 – 904 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mägiste , E. 1979 . The competing language systems of the multilingual: A developmental study of decoding and encoding processes . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 18 : 79 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , G. A. 1956 . The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information . Psychological Review , 63 : 81 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray , D. 1965 . Vocalization-at-presentation, with varying presentation rates . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 17 : 47 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naveh-Benjamin , M. and Ayres , T. J. 1986 . Digit span, reading rate, and linguistic relativity . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 38A : 739 – 751 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson , R. 1981 . “ The relationship between memory span and processing speed ” . In Intelligence and learning , Edited by: Friedman , M. P. , Das , J. P. and O'Connor , N. 179 – 183 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roodenrys , S. , Hulme , C. and Brown , G. 1993 . The development of short-term memory span: Separable effects of speech rate and long-term memory . Journal of Experim ental Child Psychology , 56 : 431 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standing , L. and Curtis , L. 1989 . Subvocalisation rate versus other predictors of the memory span . Psychological Reports , 65 : 487 – 495 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar