THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF FRECKLE FORMATION DURING BINARY ALLOY SOLIDIFICATION: EFFECT OF MESH SPACING

References

• Giamei , A. F. and Kear , B. H. 1970 . On thE Nature of Freckles in Nickel Base Superalloys . Metall. Trans. , 1 : 2185 – 2192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckermann , C. 2002 . Modeling of Macrosegregation: Applications and Future Needs . Int. Mater. Rev. , 47 : 243 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunzburger , M. D. 1989 . Finite Element Methods for Viscous Incompressible Flows , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Akin , J. E. 1994 . Finite Elements for Analysis and Design , San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Magirl , C. S. and Incropera , F. P. 1993 . Flow and Morphological Conditions Associated with Unidirectional Solidification of Aqueous Ammonium Chloride . ASME J. Heat Transfer , 115 : 1036 – 1043 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neilson , D. G. and Incropera , F. P. 1993 . Effect of Rotation on Fluid Motion and Channel Formation during Unidirectional Solidification of a Binary Alloy . Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , 36 : 489 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neilson , D. G. and Incropera , F. P. 1993 . Three-Dimensional Considerations of Unidirectional Solidification in a Binary Liquid . Numer. Heat Transfer A , 23 : 1 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , H.-W. , Heinrich , J. C. and Poirier , D. R. 1996 . Numerical Anomalies in Simulating Directional Solidification of Binary Alloys . Numer. Heat Transfer A , 29 : 639 – 644 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , M. C. , Gu , J. P. , Beckermann , C. , Boettinger , W. J. and Kattner , U. R. 1997 . Modeling of Micro- and Macrosegregation and Freckle Formation in Single-Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy Directional Solidification . Metall. Mater. Trans. A , 28A : 1517 – 1531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felicelli , S. D. , Poirier , D. R. and Heinrich , J. C. 1997 . Macrosegregation patterns in multicomponent Ni-Base alloys . J. Crystal Growth , 177 : 145 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felicelli , S. D. , Heinrich , J. C. and Poirier , D. R. 1998 . Finite Element Analysis of Directional Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys . Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids , 27 : 207 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felicelli , S. D. , Heinrich , J. C. and Porier , D. R. 1998 . Three-Dimensional Simulations of Freckles in Binary Alloys . J. Crystal Growth , 191 : 879 – 888 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felicelli , S. D. , Poirier , D. R. and Heinrich , J. C. 1998 . Modeling Freckle Formation in Three Dimensions during Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys . Metall. Mater. Trans. B , 29B : 847 – 855 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nastac , L. 1999 . Influence of Gravity Acceleration on Macrosegregation and Macrostructure during the Unidirectional Solidification of Cast Binary Alloys . A Numerical Investigation, Numer. Heat Transfer A , 35 : 173 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckermann , C. , Gu , J. P. and Boettinger , W. J. 2000 . Development of a Freckle Predictor via Rayleigh Number Method for Single-Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloys . Metall. Mater. Trans. A , 31A : 2545 – 2557 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frueh , C. , Poirier , D. R. and Felicelli , S. D. 2000 . Effect of Computational Domain Size on the Mathematical Modeling of Transport Phenomena and Segregation during Directional Solidification . Metall. Mater. Trans. A , 31A : 3129 – 3135 .
   Google Scholar
• Sung , P. K. , Poirier , D. R. and Felicelli , S. D. 2001 . Simulating the Initiation of a Channel during Directional Solidification of a Superalloy . Metall. Mater. Trans. A , 32A : 202 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Sung , P. K. , Poirier , D. R. and Felicelli , S. D. 2001 . Sensitivity of Mesh Spacing on Simulating Macrosegregation during Directional Solidification of a Superalloy . Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids , 35 : 357 – 370 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni , J. and Beckermann , C. 1991 . A Volume Averaged Two-Phase Model for Transport Phenomena during Solidification . Metall. Trans. B , 22B : 349 – 361 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , M. C. and Beckermann , C. 1995 . Formation of Macrosegregation by Multicomponent Thermosolutal Convection during the Solidification of Steel . Metall. Mater. Trans. A , 26A : 2373 – 2388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patankar , S. V. 1980 . Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Copley , S. M. , Giamei , A. F. , Johnson , S. M. and Hornbecker , M. F. 1970 . The Origin of Freckles in Unidirectionally Solidified Castings . Metall. Trans. , 1 : 2193 – 2204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellawell , A. , Sarazin , J. R. and Steube , R. S. 1993 . Channel Convection in Partly Solidified Systems . Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Land. A , 345 : 507 – 544 .
   Google Scholar
• Worster , M. G. 1997 . Convection in Mushy Layers . Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. , 29 : 91 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock , T. M. and Murphy , W. H. 1996 . The Breakdown of Single-Crystal Solidification in High Refractory Nickel-Base Alloys . Metall. Mater. Trans. A , 27A : 1081 – 1094 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felicelli , S. D. , Heinrich , J. C. and Poirier , D. R. 1991 . Simulation of Freckles during Vertical Solidification of Binary Alloys . Metall. Trans. B , 22B : 847 – 859 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prescott , P. J. and Incropera , F. P. 1991 . Numerical Simulation of a Solidifying Pb-Sn Alloy: The Effects of Cooling Rate on Thermosolutal Convection and Macrosegregation . Metall. Trans. B , 22B : 529 – 540 .
   Google Scholar