3,474
Views
74
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Alcohol-free Beer: Methods of Production, Sensorial Defects, and Healthful Effects

, , , &
Pages 335-352 | Published online: 04 Oct 2010

References

  • Catarino , M. , Mendes , A. , Madeira , L. and Ferreira , A. 2006 . Beer dealcoholization by reverse osmosis . Desalination , 200 : 397 – 399 .
  • Hardwick , W.A. 1994 . “ History and antecedents of brewing ” . In Handbook of Brewing , Edited by: Hardwick , W.A. 37 – 52 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Ahvenainen , J. and Kuhanen , J. Method for the fermentation of beer . U.S. Patent, 273,7,62 . 1993 .
  • Grant , H.L. 1977 . “ Wort boiling ” . In The Pratical Brewer Edited by: Broderick , H.M. 117 – 127 . Madison, WI
  • Gerhauser , C. 2005 . Beer constituents as potential cancer chemopreventive agents . Eur. J. Cancer , 41 : 1941 – 1954 .
  • Hardwick , W.A. 1994 . “ The properties of beer ” . In In Handbook of Brewing , Edited by: Hardwick , W.A. 551 – 586 . New York, , USA : Marcel Dekker .
  • Bamforth , C.W. 2002 . Nutritional aspects of beer-a review . Nutr. Res. , 22 : 227 – 237 .
  • Sohrabvandi , S. 2008 . Optimization alcohol free beer production produced with restricted fermentation practice , Tehran, , Iran : Ph.D. Dissertation, Tehran University .
  • Anonymous. Beer. 2010 www.isir.org (http://www.isir.org)
  • Caluwaerts , H.J.J. Process for the manufacture of an alcohol-free beer having the organoleptic properties of a lager type pale beer . U.S. Patent 5,384,135 . 1995 .
  • Dziondziak , K. Method for the production of alcohol-free beer . U.S. Patent, 4,882,177 . 1989 .
  • Huige , N.J. , Sanchez , G.W. and Leidig , A.R. Process for preparing a nonalcoholic (less the 0.5 volume percent alcohol) malt beverage . U.S. Patent, 4,970,082 . 1990 .
  • Lommi , H. , Swinkels , W. and Van Dieren . Process for the production of non-alcoholic or low alcohol malt beverage . U.S. Patent, 5,612,072 . 1997 . B.
  • Lewis , M.J. and Younger , T.W. 1995 . “ Beer quality and flavor ” . In Brewing , Edited by: Lewis , M.J. and Younger , T.W. 232 – 242 . London : Chapman and Hall .
  • Zurcher , C. and Gruss , R. Method of making alcohol-free or nearly alcohol-free beer . U.S. Patent, 5,077,061 . 1991 .
  • Garcia , A.A. , Cancho Grande , B. and Gandara , J.S. 2004 . Development of rapid method based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection for the determination of polyphenols in alcohol-free beers . J. Chromatogr. A , 1054 : 175 – 180 .
  • Sieben , R.L. and Zastrow , K.D. Step mashing process for producing low alcohol beer . U.S. Patent, 5,021,246 . 1999 .
  • Dziondziak , K. Method for the production of low-alcohol or alcohol-free beer . U.S. Patent, 4,814,188 . 1989 .
  • Hill , P. and Smith , R.M. 2000 . Determination of sulphur compounds in beer using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis with pulsed flame photometric detection . J. Chromatogr. A , 872 : 203 – 213 .
  • Kunze , W. 1999 . “ Beer Production ” . In Technology Brewing and Malting , 232 – 245 . Berlin, , Germany : VLB .
  • Guido , L.F. , Rodrigues , P.G. , Rodrigues , J.A. , Goncalves , C.R. and Barros , A.A. 2004 . The impact of the physiological condition of pitching yeast on beer flavor stability: an industrial approach . Food Chem. , 87 : 187 – 193 .
  • Michaels , A.S. , Canning , R.P. and Hogan , P. Methods for dealcoholization employing perstraction . U.S. Patent, 5,817,359 . 1998 .
  • Van-Iersel , M.F.M. , Meersman , E. , Swinkels , W. , Abee , T. and Rombouts , F.M. 1995 . Continuous production of non-alcohol beer by immobilized yeast at low temperature . J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 14 : 495 – 501 .
  • Masschelein , C.A , Ryder , D.S. and Simon , J.P. 1994 . Immobilized cell technology in beer production . Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. , 14 : 155 – 177 .
  • Mensour , N.A. , Margaritis , A. , Briens , C.L. , Pilkington , H. and Russell , I. 1996 . “ Application of immobilized yeast cells in the brewing industry ” . In In Immobilized cells, basics, and applications , Edited by: Wijffels , R.H. , Buitelaar , R.M. , Bucken , C. and Tramper , J. 661 – 711 . Amsterdam, , The Netherlands : Elsevier .
  • Norton , S. and D'Amore , T. 1994 . Physiological effects of yeast cell immobilization-applications for brewing . Enz. Microbial Technol. , 16 : 365 – 375 .
  • Shindo , S. , Sahara , H. and Koshino , S. 1994 . Suppression of acetolactate formation in brewing with immobilized yeast . J. Inst. Brew. , 100 : 69 – 72 .
  • Pilkington , P.H. , Margaritis , A. , Mensour , N.A. and Russell , I. 1998 . Fundamentals of immobilized yeast cells for continuous beer fermentation: a review . J. Inst. Brew. , 104 : 19 – 31 .
  • Van-Iersel , M.F.M. , Brouwer-Poste , F.M. and Abee , T. 2000 . Influence of yeast immobilization on fermentation and aldehyde reduction during the production of alcohol-free beer . Enz. Microbial Technol. , 26 : 602 – 607 .
  • Munroe , J.H. 1994 . “ Fermentation ” . In Handbook of Brewing , Edited by: Hardwick , W.A. 323 – 354 . New York : Marcel Dekker . InEd.
  • Sohabvandi , S. , Razavi , S.H. , Mousavi , S.M. , Mortazavian , A.M and Rezaie , K. 2009 . Application of Saccharomyces rouxii for the production of non-alcoholic beer . Food Sci. Biotch , 18 : 1132 – 1137 .
  • Middlekauff , J.E. 1994 . “ Microbiological aspects ” . In Handbook of Brewing , Edited by: Hardwick , W.A. 37 – 52 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Barbosa-Canoyovas , G.V. and Pothakamury , U.R. 1997 . “ High Hydrostatic pressure food processing ” . In Nonthermal preservation of food , 9 – 48 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Gorinstein , S. , Zemser , M. , Vargas-Albores , F. , Ochoa , J.L. , Paredes-Lopez , O. , Ch , Scheler , Salnikow , J. , Martin-Belloso , O. and Trakhtenberg , S. 1999 . Proteins and amino acids in beers, their contents and relationships with other analytical data . Food Chem. , 67 : 71 – 78 .
  • Munroe , J.H. 1994 . “ Aging and finishing ” . In Handbook of Brewing , Edited by: Hardwick , W.A. 355 – 380 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Moll , M.M. 1994 . “ Water ” . In Handbook of Brewing , Edited by: Hardwick , W.A. 133 – 156 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Shibano , Y. , Yomo , H. , Matsumoto , I. , Koda , H. , Suwa , Y. , Amachi , T. , Hatanaka , H. and Shimizu , S. Process for manufacturing beer . U.S. Patent, 6,013,288 . 2000 .
  • Perpete , P. and Collin , S. 2000 . Influence of beer ethanol content on the wort flavor perception . Food Chem. , 71 : 379 – 385 .
  • Brezova , V. , Polovka , M. and Stasko , A. 2002 . The influence of additives on beer stability investigated by EPR spectroscopy . Spectrochim. Acta Part A , 58 : 1279 – 1291 .
  • Pronk , G.J. , Ramer , K. , Amiri , P. and Williams , L.T. 1996 . Requirement of an ICE-like protease for induction of apoptosis and ceramide generation by REAPER . Science , 271 : 808 – 810 .
  • Romano , P. and Suzzi , G. 1996 . Origin and production of acetoin during wine yeast fermentation . Appl. Env. Microbiol. , 62 : 309 – 314 .
  • Van-Iersel , M.F.M. , Van Dieren , B. , Rombouts , F.M. and Abee , T. 1999 . Flavor formation and cell physiology during the production of alcohol-free beer with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Enz. Microbial Technol. , 24 : 407 – 411 .
  • Van Dieren , B. 1995 . Yeast metabolism and the production of alcohol-free beer . EBC-Monographs , XXIV : 66 – 76 .
  • Van-Iersel , M.F.M. , Eppink , M.H.M. , Van Berkel , W.J.H. , Rombouts , F.M. and Abee , T. 1997 . Purification and characterization of a novel NADP-dependent branched-chain alcohol dehydrogenase from S . cerevisiae. Appl. Env. Microbiol. , 63 : 4079 – 4082 .
  • Smogrovicova , D. and Domeny , Z. 1999 . Beer volatile by-product formation at different temperature using immobilized yeasts . Process Biochem. , 34 : 785 – 794 .
  • Briggs , D.E. , Boulton , C.A. , Brookes , P.A. and Stevens , R. 2004 . “ Chemical and physical properties of beer ” . In Brewing Science and Practice , Edited by: Briggs , D.E. 662 – 712 . New York : CRC Press LLC .
  • Sohabvandi , S. , Razavi , S.H. , Mousavi , S.M. , Mortazavian , A.M and Rezaie , K. 2010 . Application of advanced instrumental Techniques for analysis of physical and physicochemical properties of beer . Int. J. Food Prop , 13 : 1 – 6 .
  • Kaplan , N.M. and Palmer , B.F. 2000 . Nutritional and health benefits of beer . Am. J. Med. Sci. , 320 : 320 – 326 .
  • Thun , M.J. , Peto , R. , Lopez , A.D. , Monaca , J.H. , Henley , S.J. , Heath , C.W. and Doll , R. 1997 . Alcohol consumtion and mortality among middle-aged and elderly US adults . New Engl. J. Med. , 337 : 1763 – 1764 .
  • Buday , A.Z. and Denis , G. 1974 . The diuretic effect of beer . Brew. Dig. , 49 : 56 – 58 .
  • Fantozzi , P. , Montanari , L. , Mancini , F. , Gasbarini , A. , Addolorato , G. , Simoncini , M. , Nardini , M. , Ghiselli , A. and Scaccini , C. 1998 . In vitro antioxidant capacity from wort to beer . Lebensm-Wiss. U. Technol. , 31 : 221 – 227 .
  • Belitz , H.D. and Grosch , W. 1999 . “ Amino acids, peptides, protein ” . In In Food Chemistry , 8 – 88 . Berlin, , Germany : Springer .
  • Gorinstein , S. , Zemser , M. , Weisz , M. , Haruenkit , R. and Trakhtenberg , S. 1998 . The influence of dry matter of different aldoholic beverages on lipids, proteins and antioxidant activity in serum of rats . J. Nutr. Biochem. , 9 : 131 – 135 .
  • Gorinstein , S. , Zemser , M. , Weisz , M. , Halevy , S.H. , Martin-Belloso , O. and Trakhtenberg , S. 1998 . The influence of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free beverages on lipid levels and lipid peroxides in serum of rats . J. Nutr. Biochem. , 9 : 682 – 686 .
  • Gorinstein , S. , Caspi , A. and Pawelzik , E. 2001 . Proteins of beer affect lipid levels in rats . Nutr. Res. , 21 : 1159 – 1169 .
  • Autelitano , D.J. , Howarth , A.E. and Pihl , E. 1984 . Promoting effect of beer and ethanol on anti-tumour cytotoxicity: unaffected growth of a transplantable rat tumour . Aus. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. , 62 : 507 – 514 .
  • Winkler , C. , Wirleitner , B. , Schroecksnadel , K. , Schennach , H. and Fuchs , D. 2006 . Beer Down-regulates activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro . Int. Immunol. , 6 : 390 – 395 .
  • Devreux , A. 1986 . II valore alimentare della birra . Birra e Malto , 29 : 4 – 21 .
  • Bovin , P. , Clamagirand , V. , Maillard , M.N. , Berset , C. and Malanda , M. May 1996 . Role of endogenous polyphenols on oxidation reactions in brewing process, European Brewery Convention May , 10 – 14 . Berlin, , Germany
  • Nardini , M. , Natella , F. , Scaccini , C. and Ghiselli , A. 2006 . Phenolic acids from beer are absorbed and extensively metabolized in humans . J. Nutr. Biochem. , 17 : 14 – 22 .
  • Ghiselli , A. , Natella , F. , Guidi , A. , Montanari , L. , Fantozzi , P. and Scaccini , C. 2000 . Beer increases plasma antioxidant capacity in humans . J. Nutr. Biochem. , 11 : 76 – 80 .
  • Monrand , C. , Crespy , V. , Manach , C. , Besson , C. , Demigne , C. and Remesy , C. 1998 . Plasma metabolites of quercetin and their antioxidant properties . Am. J. Physiol. , 275 : R212 – R219 .
  • Yilmazer , M. , Stevens , J.F. and Buhler , D.R. 2001 . In vitro glucuronidation of xanthohuml, a flavonoid in hop and beer, by rat and human liver microsomes . FEBS Letters , 491 : 252 – 256 .
  • Stevens , J.F. and Page , J.E. 2004 . Xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops and beer: to your good health . Phytochemistry , 65 : 1317 – 1330 .
  • Lapcik , O. , Hill , M. , Hample , R. , Wahala , K. and Adlercreutz , H. 1998 . Identification of isoflavonoids in beer . Steroids , 63 : 14 – 20 .
  • Miranda , C.L. , Stevens , J.F. , Helmrih , A. , Henderson , M.C. , Rodriguez , R.J. , Yang , Y.H. , Deinzer , M.L. , Barnes , D.W. and Buhler , D.R. 1999 . Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of prenylated flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus) in human cancer cell lines . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 37 : 271 – 285 .
  • Yoshikawa , T. , Kimura , S. , Hatano , T. , Okamoto , K. , Hayatsu , H. and S , arimoto-Kobayashi . 2002 . Pseudouridine, an antimutagenic substance in beer towards N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 40 : 1165 – 1170 .
  • Kondo , K. 2004 . Beer and health: preventive effects of beer components on lifestyle-relate disease . Biofactors , 22 : 303 – 310 .
  • Nozawa , H. , Tazumi , K. , Sato , K. , Yoshida , A. , Takata , J. , Arimoto-Kobayashi , S. and Kondo , K. 2004 . Inhibitory effects of beer on heterocyclic amine-induced mutagenesis and PhIP-induced aberrant crypt foci in rat colon . Mutant Res. , 559 : 177 – 187 .
  • Mosinger , B. 1994 . Polyphenolics but not alcohol in beer and wine protect serum low-density lipoprotein against atherogenic modification . Cor Vasa , 4 : 171 – 174 .
  • Serafini , M. , Maiani , G. and Ferro-Luzzi , A. 1998 . Alcohol free red wine enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in human . J. Nutr. , 128 : 1003 – 1007 .
  • Gasowski , B. , Leontowicz , M. , Leontowicz , H. , Katrich , E. , Lojek , A. , Ciz , M. , Trakhtenberg , S. and Gorinstein , S. 2004 . The influence of beer with different antioxidant potential on plasma lipids, plasma antioxidant capacity, and bile excretion o rats fed cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets . J. Nutr. Biochem. , 15 : 527 – 533 .
  • Cooper , T.J. 1994 . In Medical considerations of moderate alcohol consumption, 23rd Convention Institute Brewing Australia
  • Tobe , H. , Muraki , Y. , Kitamura , K. , Komiyama , O. , Sato , Y. , Sugioka , T. , Maruyama , H.B , Matsuda , E. and Nagai , M. 1997 . Bone resorption inhibitors from hop extract . Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. , 61 : 158 – 159 .
  • Obisean , T.O. , Hirsch , R. , Kosoko , O. , Carlson , L. and Parrott , M. 1998 . Moderate wine consumption is associated with decreased odds of developing age-related macular degeneration in NHANES-1. J . Am. Geriat. Soc. , 46 : 1 – 7 .
  • Buchwold , V.E. , Wilson , R.J. , Nalca , A. , Buckwold , V.E. , Wilson , R.J. , Nalca , A. , Beer , B.B. , Voss , T.G. , Turpin , J.A. , RW3rd , Buckheit , Wei , J. , Wenzel-Mathers , M. , Walton , E.M. , Smith , R.J. , Pallansch , M. , Ward , P. , Wells , J. , Chuvala , L. , Sloane , S. , Paulman , R. , Russell , J. , Hartman , T. and Ptak , R. 2004 . Antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of DNA and RNA viruses . Antivitral Res. , 61 : 57 – 62 .
  • Wang , Q. , Ding , Z.H. , Liu , J.K. and Zheng , Y.T. 2004 . Xanthohumol, a novel anti-HIV-1 agents purified from hops Humulus lupulus . Antiviral Res. , 64 : 189 – 194 .
  • Kimura , S. , Hayatsu , H. and Arimoto-Kobayashi , S. 1999 . Glycine betaine in beer as an antimutagenic substance against 2-chloro-4-methylthiobutanoic acid, the sanma-fish mutagen . Mutant Res. , 439 : 267 – 276 .
  • Liegeois , C. , Lermusieau , G. and Collin , S. 2000 . Measuring antioxidant efficiency of wort, malt and hops against the 2, 2’-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced oxidation of an aqueous dispersion of linoleic acid . J. Agri. Food Chem. , 48 : 1129 – 1134 .
  • Morales , F. and Jimenez-Perez , S. 2004 . Peroxyl radical scavenging activities of melanoidins in aqueous systems . Eur. Food Res.Technol. , 218 : 515 – 520 .
  • Faist , V. , Lindenmeier , M. , Geisler , C. , Erbersdobler , H.F. and Hofmann , T. 2002 . Influence of molecular weight fractions isolated from roasted malt . J. Agri. Food Chem. , 50 : 602 – 606 .
  • Halpern , M.J. , Dahlgren , A.L. , Laakso , I. , Seppanen-Laakso , T. , Dahlgren , J. and McAnulty , P.A. 1998 . Red-wine polyphenols and inhibition of platelet aggregation: possible mechanisms and potential use in health promotion and disease prevention . J. Int. Med. Res. , 26 : 171 – 180 .
  • Klatsky , A.L. 1999 . Moderate drinking, and reduced risk of heart disease . Alcohol Res. Health , 23 : 15 – 23 .
  • Gromes , R. , Zeuch , M. and Piendl , A. 2000 . Further investigations into the dietary fiber content of beers . Brau Int. , 18 : 24 – 28 .
  • Bamforth , C.W. 2002 . In A brief history of beer, 26th Convention Institute Brewing Asia Pacific Section , 5–12 August
  • Mortazavian , A.M. and Sohrabvandi , S. 2006 . Probiotics and food probiotic products; based on dairy probiotic products , 20 – 147 . Tehran, , Iran : Eta Publication .
  • Monobe , M. , Arimoto-Kobayashi , S. and Ando , K. 2003 . Β-Pseudouridine, a beer component, reduces radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes . Mutant Res. , 538 : 93 – 99 .
  • Bellia , J.P. , Brichall , J.D. and Roberts , N.B. 1996 . The role of silicic acid in the renal excretion of aluminium . Am. Clin. Lab. Sci. , 26 : 227 – 233 .
  • Libby , P. , Ridker , P.M. and Maseri , A. 2002 . Inflammation and atherosclerosis . Circulation , 105 : 1135 – 1143 .
  • Mayer , O. , Simon , J. and Roslova , H. 2001 . A population study of beer consumption on folate, and homocysteine concentrations . Eur. J. Clinic Nutr. , 55 : 605 – 609 .
  • Halaz , A. , Barath , L. , Simon-Sarkadi , S. and Holzapfel , W. 1994 . Biogenic amines and their production by microorganisms in food . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 5 : 42 – 48 .
  • Hardwick , W.A. 1983 . “ Packaging materials and beer quality ” . In Beer packaging: A manual for the brewing and beverage industry , Edited by: Broderick , H.M. 124 – 152 . New York : Madison .
  • Liu , J.X. and Nordberg , G.F. 1995 . Nephrotoxicties of aluminium and/or cadmium-metallothionein in ratas-creatinine excertion and metabolism of selected essential metals . Pharmacol Toxicol. , 77 : 155 – 160 .
  • Loret , S. , Deloyer , P. and Dandrifosse , G. 2005 . Levels of biogenic amines as a measure of the quality of the beer fermentation process: Data from Belgian samples . Food Chem. , 89 : 519 – 525 .
  • Molto , G. , Samar , M.M. , Resnik , S. , Martinez , E.J. and Pacin , A. 2000 . Occurrence of trichothecenes in Argentinean beer: a preliminary exposure assessment . Food Add. Contam. , 179 : 809 – 813 .
  • Zöllner , P. , Berner , D. , Jodlbauer , J. and Lindner , W. 2000 . Determination of zearalenone and its metabolites and β-zearalenol in beer samples by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry . J. Chromatogr. B , 738 : 233 – 241 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.