Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Plants and Algae for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds

References

• Bhakuni , D.S. and Rawat , D.S. 2005 . Bioactive Marine Natural Products , 1 – 10 . New Delhi , , India : Springer . Bioactive metabolites of marine algae, fungi, bacteria.
   Google Scholar
• Murty , U. S. and Banerjee , A. K. 2011 . “ Seaweed: The wealth of oceans ” . In Handbook of Marine Macroalgae: Biotechnology and Applied Phycology , 221 – 228 . Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Roy , W. R. 2001 . “ Environmental impact of solvents ” . In In Handbook of Solvent , Edited by: Wypych , G . 1150 – 1200 . Toronto, Canada : Chemtec Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Anasttas , P. T. and Warner , J.C. 2000 . Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice , 34 – 50 . New York : Oxford University Press . Principles of green chemistry.
   Google Scholar
• Wijesinghe , W. A. J. P. and Jeon , Y.-J. 2012 . Enzyme-assistant extraction (EAE) of bioactive components: A useful approach for recovery of industrially important metabolites from seaweeds: A review . Fitoterapia , 83 : 6 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi , F. 2009 . Nutraceuticals and functional foods: Whole versus processed foods . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 20 : 376 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puri , M. , Sharma , D. and Barrow , C. J. 2012 . Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactives from plants . Trends Biotechnol. , 30 : 37 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siriwardhana , N. , Jeon , Y.-L. , Kim , S.-H. , Hat , J.-W. , He , S.-J. and Lee , K.-W. 2004 . Enzymatic hydrolysis for effective extraction of antioxidative compounds from Hizikia fusiformis . Algae , 19 : 59 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Berk , Z. 2009 . Food Process Engineering and Technology , 259 – 260 . Atlanta, GA : Elsevier . Extraction.
   Google Scholar
• Popper , Z.A and Maria , G. T. 2010 . Beyond the green: Understanding the evolutionary puzzle of plant and algal cell walls . Plant Physiol. , 153 : 373 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , J. , Cheng , Z. , Su , L. and Yu , L. 2006 . Effects of solid-state enzymatic treatments on the antioxidant properties of wheat bran . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 54 : 9032 – 9045 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo , S. J. , Lee , K. W. , Song , C. B. and Jeon , Y. J. 2003 . Antioxidant activity of enzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds . Algae , 18 : 71 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Heo , S. J. , Jeon , Y. J. , Lee , J. , Kim , H. T. and Lee , K. W. 2003 . Antioxidant effect of enzymatic hydrolyzate from a Kelp, Ecklonia cava . Algae , 18 : 341 – 347 .
   Google Scholar
• Kang , S. M. , Kim , K. N. , Lee , S. H. , Ahn , G. , Cha , S.H. , Kim , A. D. , Yang , X D. , Kang , M.C. and Jeon , Y. J. 2011 . Anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharide purified from AMG-assistant extract of Ecklonia cava in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages . Carbohydr. Polym. , 85 : 80 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athukorala , Y. , Jung , W.K. , Vasanthan , T. and Jeon , Y.J. 2006 . An anticoagulative polysaccharide from an enzymatic hydrolysate of Ecklonia cava . Carbohydr. Polym. , 66 : 184 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athukorala , Y. , Ahn , G.N. , Jee , Y.H. , Kim , G.Y. , Kim , S.H. , Ha , J.H. , Kang , J.S. , Lee , K.W. and Jeon , Y.J. 2009 . Antiproliferative activity of sulfated polysaccharide isolated from an enzymatic digest of Ecklonia cava on the U-937 cell line . J. Appl. Phycol. , 21 : 307 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S.H. , Karawita , R. , Affan , A. , Lee , J. B. , Lee , B. J. and Jeon , Y. J. 2008 . Potential antioxidant activates of enzymatic digests from benthic diatoms Achnanthes longipes, Amphora coffeaeformis, and Navicula sp. (Bacillariophyceae) . J. Food Sci. Nutr. , 13 : 166 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Suksomboon , A. and Naivikul , O. 2006 . Effect of dry- and wet-milling processes on chemical, physicochemical properties and starch molecular structures of rice starches . Kasetsart J. Nat. Sci. , 40 : 125 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Renard , C. M. G. C. , Baron , A. , Guyot , S. and Drilleau , J. F. 2001 . Interactions between apple cell walls and native apple polyphenols: Quantification and some consequences . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. , 29 : 115 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taiz , L. and Zeiger , E. 2010 . Plant Physiology , 5th , 313 – 338 . MA : Sinauer Associates: Sunderland . Secondary metabolites and plant defense.
   Google Scholar
• Landbo , A. K. and Meyer , A. S. 2001 . Enzyme-assisted extraction of antioxidative phenols from black currant juice press residues (Ribes nigrum) . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 3169 – 3177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S.H. , Karawita , R. , Affan , A. , Lee , J. B. , Lee , K. W. , Lee , B. J. , Kim , D. W. and Jeon , Y. J. 2009 . Potential of benthic diatoms Achnanthes longipes, Amphora coffeaeformis, and Navicula sp. (Bacillariophyceae) as antioxidant source . Algae , 24 : 47 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Zheng , H. Z. , In-W , Hwang , Kim , S.-K. , Lee , S.-H. and Chung , S.-K. 2010 . Optimization of Carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme aided polyphenol extraction from unripe apples . J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. , 53 : 342 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo , S. J. , Park , P. J. , Park , E. J. , Kim , K. and Jeon , Y. J. 2005 . Antioxidant activity of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Ecklonia cava by electron spin resonance spectrometry and comet assay . Eur. Food. Res. Technol. , 221 : 41 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koponen , J. M. , Happonen , A. M. , Auriola , S. , Kontkanen , H. , Buchert , J. , Poutanen , K. S. and Yorronen , R. 2008 . Characterization and fate of blackcurrant and bilberry flavonols in enzyme-aided processing . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 56 : 3136 – 3144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soto , C. , Concha , J. and Zuniga , M. E. 2008 . Antioxidant content of oil and defatted meal obtained from borage seeds by an enzymatic-aided cold pressing process . Process Biochem. , 43 : 696 – 699 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzia , C. and Liadakis , G. 2003 . Extraction Optimization in Food Engineering , New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Klompong , V. , Benjakul , S. , Kantachote , D. and Shahidi , F. 2007 . Antioxidative activity and functional properties of protein hydrolysate of yellow stripe trevally (Selaroides leptolepis) as influenced by the degree of hydrolysis and enzyme type . Food Chem. , 102 : 1317 – 1327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsopmo , A. , Cooper , A. and Jodayree , S. 2010 . Enzymatic hydrolysis of oat flour protein isolates to enhance antioxidative properties . Adv. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 2 : 206 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , S. H. , Kim , A. D. , Kang , M. C. , Lee , B. J. and Jeon , Y. J. 2009 . Potential antioxidant activities of enzymatic digests from fresh water microalgae, Pediastrum duplex and Dactylococcopsis fascicularis . Algae , 24 : 169 – 177 .
   Google Scholar
• Jun , S. Y. , Park , P. J. , Jung , W. K. and Kim , S. K. Purification and characterization of an
   Google Scholar
• Pena-Ramos , E. A. and Xiong , Y. I. 2003 . Whey and soy protein hydrolysates inhibit lipid oxidation in cooked pork patties . Meat Sci. , 64 : 259 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldan , B. , Andolfo , P. , Navazio , L. , Tolomio , C. and Mariani , P. 2001 . Cellulose in algal cell wall: An “in situ” localization . Eur. J. Histochem. , 45 : 51 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández , P.V. , Ciancia , M. and Estevez , J.M. 2011 . Cell wall variability in the green seaweed Codium vermilara (Bryopsidales chlorophyta) from the argentine coast . J. Phycol. , 47 : 802 – 810 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frei , E. and Preston , R.D. 1964 . Non-cellulosic structural polysaccharides in algal cell wall . II. Association of xylan and mannan in Porphyra umbilicalis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , 160 : 314 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloareg , B. and Quatrano , R.S. 1988 . Structure of the cell walls of marine algae and ecophysiological functions of the matrix polysaccharides . Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. , 26 : 259 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabeau , S. and Kloareg , B. 1987 . Isolation and analysis of the cell walls of brown algae: Fucus spiralis, F. ceranoides, F. vesiculosus, F. serratus, Bifurcaria bifurcata and Laminaria digitata . J. Exp. Bot. , 38 : 1573 – 1580 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie , W. and Preston , R.D. 1974 . “ Cell wall and intercellular region polysaccharides ” . In In Algal Physiology and Biochemistry , Edited by: Stewart , W.D.P. 40 – 85 . Oxford , , U.K : Blackwell Science Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Domozych , D.S. , Ciancia , M. , Fangel , J.U. , Mikkelsen , M.D. , Ulvskov , P. and Willats , W.G.T. 2012 . The cell walls of green algae: A journey through evolution and diversity . Front. Plant Sci. , 3 : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voigt , J. , Wrann , D. , Vogeler , H.-P. , Konig , Q.A. and Mix , M. 1994 . Hydroxyproline-containing and glycine-rich cell wall polypeptides are wide-spread in green algae . Microbiol. Res. , 149 : 223 – 229 .
   Google Scholar
• Palmqvist , B. , Wiman , M. and Lidén , G. 2011 . Effect of mixing on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated spruce: A quantitative analysis of conversion and power consumption . Biotechnol. Biofuels , 4 : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costoya , N. , Sineiro , J. , Pinelo , M. , Rubilar , M. and Nunez , M. J. 2010 . Enzyme-aided Extraction of polyphenols from Grape pomace . Electronic J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem. , 9 : 696 – 705 .
   Google Scholar
• Fu , Y.J. , Liu , W. , Zu , Y.G. , Tong , M.H. , Li , S.M. , Yan , M.M. , Efferth , T. and Luo , H. 2008 . Enzyme assisted extraction of luteolin and apigenin from pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.] leaves . Food Chem. , 111 : 508 – 512 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaniuk , J.R. , Cott , C.T. , Root , T.W. and Klingenberg , D.J. 2011 . The effect of high intensity mixing on the enzymatic hydrolysis of concentrated cellulose fiber suspensions . Bioresour. Technol. , 102 : 4489 – 4494 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanmoungjai , P. , Pyle , D.L. and Niranjan , K. 2001 . Enzymatic process for extracting oil and protein from rice bran . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 78 : 817 – 821 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin , X. , You , Q. and Jiang , Z. 2011 . Optimization of enzyme assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake by response surface methodology . Carbohydr. Polym. , 86 : 1358 – 1364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santala , O. , Lehtinen , P. , Nordlund , E. , Suortti , T. and Poutanen , K. 2011 . Impact of water content on the solubilisation of arabinoxylan during xylanase treatment of wheat bran . J. Cereal Sci. , 54 : 187 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilkhu , K. , Mawson , R. , Simons , L. and Bates , D. 2008 . Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry—A review . Innov. Food Sci. Emerging Technol. , 9 : 161 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapasakalidis , P. G. , Rastall , R. A. and Gordon , M. H. 2009 . Effect of a cellulase treatment on extraction of antioxidant phenols from black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) . pomace. J. Agric. Food Chem. , 57 : 4342 – 4351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , A.S. , Jepsen , S.M. and Srensen , N.S. 1998 . Enzymatic release of antioxidants for human low-density lipoproteins from grape pomace . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 46 : 2439 – 2446 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristinsson , H. G. and Rasco , B.A. 2000 . Biochemical and functional properties of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) muscle hydrolysed with various alkaline proteases . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 48 : 657 – 666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , M.-N. , Huang , G.-R. and Jiang , J.-X. 2011 . Iron binding capacity of dephytinised soy protein isolate hydrolysate as influenced by the degree of hydrolysis and enzyme type . J. Food Sci. Technol. , doi: 10.1007/s13197-011-0586-7
   Google Scholar
• Liu , Q. , Kong , B. , Li , G. , Liu , N. and Xia , X. 2011 . Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of porcine plasma protein hydrolysates on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 49 : 1316 – 1321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. and Wrolstad , R.E. 2004 . Extraction of anthocyanins and polyphenolics from blueberry processing waste . J. Food Sci. , 69 : 564 – 573 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domozych , D.S. 2011 . Algal cell walls . Citable Rev. Life Sci. , doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000315.pub3
   Google Scholar
• Treimo , J. , Westereng , B. , Horn , S.J. , Forssell , P. , Robertson , J.A. , Faulds , C.B. , Waldron , K.; W. , Buchert , J. and Eijsink , V.G.H. 2009 . Enzymatic solubilization of brewers' spent grain by combined action of carbohydrases and peptidases . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 57 : 3316 – 3324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vioque , J. , Sánchez-Vioque , R. , Clemente , A. , Pedroche , J. , Bautista , J. and Millan , F. 1999 . Production and characterization of an extensive rapeseed protein hydrolysate . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 76 : 819 – 823 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , B.B. , Smioth , B. and Hossain , M.M. 2006 . Extraction of phenolics from citrus peels: II . Enzyme-assisted extraction method. Sep. Purif. Technol. , 48 : 189 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oszmianski , J. , Wojdylo , A. and Kolniak , J. 2009 . Effect of enzymatic mash treatment and storage on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, and turbidity of cloudy apple juice . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 57 : 7078 – 7085 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinelo , M. , Zornoza , B. and Meyer , A.S. 2008 . Selective release of phenols from apple skin: Mass transfer kinetics during solvent and enzyme-assisted extraction . Sep. Purif. Technol. , 63 : 620 – 627 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , Y.J. , Kim , D.O. , Chun , O.K. , Shin , D.H. , Jung , H. , Lee , C.Y. and Wilson , D.B. 2005 . Phenolic extraction from Apple peel by cellulases from Thermobifida fusca . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 53 : 9560 – 9565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puri , M. , Sharma , D. , Barrow , C.J. and Tiwary , A.K. 2012 . Optimisation of novel method for the extraction of steviosides from Stevia rebaudiana leaves . Food Chem. , 132 : 1113 – 1120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , S. , Xiang , X.-H. , Huang , J.-J. and Xu , M.-S. 2011 . Enzyme-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves: Improvement effect of flavonol transglycosylation catalyzed by Penicillium decumbens cellulase . Enzyme Microb. Technol. , 48 : 100 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuliarti , O. , Goh , K. , Merino , L.M. , Mawsan , J. , Drummond , L. and Brennan , C.S. 2008 . Effect of extraction techniques and conditions on the physicochemical properties of the water soluble polysaccharides from gold kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 43 : 2268 – 2277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , P.J. , Kim , E.K. , Lee , S.J. , Park , S.Y. , Kang , D.S. , Jung , B.M. , Kim , K.S. , Je , J.Y. and Ahn , C.B. 2009 . Protective effects against H2O2-induced damage by enzymatic Hydrolysates of an edible brown seaweed, Sea Tangle (Laminaria japonica) . J. Med. Food , 12 : 159 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karawota , R. , Senevirathne , M. , Athukorala , Y. , Affan , A. , Lee , Y.J. , Kim , S.K. , Lee , J.B. and Jeon , Y.J. 2007 . Protective effect of enzymatic extracts from microalgae against DNA damage induced by H2O2 . Mar. Biotechnol. , 9 : 479 – 490 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen , S.T. , Jensen , M. and Schmidt , J.E. 2012 . Bioethanol from lucerne . BioResources , 7 : 1582 – 1593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar