A Global Retrospective Study on Human Cases of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Poisoning after Seafood Consumption

References

• Hwang, D. F.; Noguchi, T. Tetrodotoxin Poisoning. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 2007, 52, 142–236.
   Google Scholar
• Isbister, G. K.; Kiernan, M. C. Neurotoxic Marine Poisoning. Lancet Neurol. 2005, 4(4), 219–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denac, H.; Mevissen, M.; Scholtysik, G. Structure, Function and Pharmacology of Voltage-gated Sodium Channels. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 2000, 362(6), 453–479.
   Google Scholar
• Arakawa, O.; Hwang, D. F.; Taniyama, S.; Takayani, T. Toxins of Pufferfish that Cause Human Intoxications. In Coastal Envir. Ecosyst. Issues East China Sea. 2010, 227–244.
   Google Scholar
• Chew, S. K.; Goh, C. H.; Wang, K. W.; Mah, P. K.; Tan, B. Y. Puffer Fish (tetrodotoxin) Poisoning: Clinical Report and Role of Anti-cholinesterase Drugs in Therapy. Singapore Med. J. 1983, 24(3), 168–171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chowdhury, F. R.; Ahasan, H. N.; Al Mamun, A.; Rashid, A. M.; Al Mahboob, A. Puffer Fish (tetrodotoxin) Poisoning: An Analysis and Outcome of Six Cases. Trop. Doctor. 2007, 37(4), 263–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salzman, M.; Madsen, J. M.; Greenberg, M. I. Toxins: Bacterial and Marine Toxins. Clinics Lab. Med. 2006, 26(2), 397–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagashima, Y.; Arakawa, O. Pufferfish Poisoning and Tetrodotoxin. In Mar.Freshwater Toxins. 2016, 259–284.
   Google Scholar
• Noguchi, T.; Arakawa, O. Tetrodotoxin–Distribution and Accumulation in Aquatic Organisms, and Cases of Human Intoxication. Mar. Drugs. 2008, 6(2), 220–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bane, V.; Brosnan, B.; Barnes, P.; Lehane, M.; Furey, A. High-resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and Its Analogues in Puffer Fish and Shellfish. Food Addit. Contam. 2016, 33(9), 1468–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, S. J.; Hwang, D. F.; Shao, K. T.; Jeng, S. S. Toxicity of Taiwanese Gobies. Fish. Sci. 2000, 66(3), 547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNabb, P.; Selwood, A. I.; Munday, R.; Wood, S. A.; Taylor, D. I.; MacKenzie, L. A.; van Ginkel, R.; Rhodes, L. L.; Cornelisen, C.; Heasman, K.;; et al. Detection of Tetrodotoxin from the Grey Side-gilled Sea Slug Pleurobranchaea Maculata, and Associated Dog Neurotoxicosis on Beaches Adjacent to the Hauraki Gulf, Auckland, New Zealand. Toxicon. 2010, 56(3), 466–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, P.; Alfonso, A.; Vale, C.; Alfonso, C.; Vale, P.; Tellez, A.; Botana, L. M. First Toxicity Report of Tetrodotoxin and 5, 6, 11-trideoxyttx in the Trumpet Shell Charonia Lampas Lampas in Europe. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80(14), 5622–5629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shui, L. M.; Chen, K.; Wang, J. Y.; Mei, H. Z.; Wang, A. Z.; Lu, Y. H.; Hwang, D. F. Tetrodotoxin-associated Snail Poisoning in Zhoushan: A 25-year Retrospective Analysis. J. Food Prot. 2003, 66(1), 110–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, M.; Azevedo, J.; Rodriguez, P.; Alfonso, A.; Botana, L. M.; Vasconcelos, V. New Gastropod Vectors and Tetrodotoxin Potential Expansion in Temperate Waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Drugs. 2012, 10(4), 712–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNabb, P. S.; Taylor, D. I.; Ogilvie, S. C.; Wilkinson, L.; Anderson, A.; Hamon, D.; Wood, S. A.; Peake, B. M. First Detection of Tetrodotoxin in the Bivalve Paphies Australis by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry with and without Precolumn Reaction. J. AOAC Int. 2014, 97(2), 325–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA CONTAM Panel (EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain); Knutsen, H. K.; Barregärd, A. J.; Bignami, L.; Brüschweiler, M.; Ceccatelli, B.; Cottrill, S.; Dinovi, B.; Edler, M.; Grasl-Kraupp, L.; Hogstrand, B.; et al. Scientific Opinion on the Risks for Public Health Related to the Presence of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and TTX Analogues in Marine Bivalves and Gastropods. Efsa J. 2017, 15(4), 4752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, A. D.; Powell, A.; Schofield, A.; Lees, D. N.; Baker-Austin, C. Detection of the Pufferfish Toxin Tetrodotoxin in European Bivalves, England, 2013 to 2014. Eurosurveillance. 2015, 20(2), 21009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlamis, A.; Katikou, P.; Rodriguez, I.; Rey, V.; Alfonso, A.; Papazachariou, A.; Zacharaki, T.; Botana, A. M.; Botana, L. M. First Detection of Tetrodotoxin in Greek Shellfish by UPLC-MS/MS Potentially Linked to the Presence of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum Minimum. Toxins. 2015, 7(5), 1779–1807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y. J.; Lin, C. L.; Chen, C. H.; Hsieh, C. H.; Jen, H. C.; Jian, S. J.; Hwang, D. F. Toxin and Species Identification of Toxic Octopus Implicated into Food Poisoning in Taiwan. Toxicon. 2014, 91, 96–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanu, M. B.; Mahmud, Y.; Tsuruda, K.; Arakawa, O.; Noguchi, T. Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin in the Skin of a Rhacophoridid Frog Polypedates Sp. From Bangladesh. Toxicon. 2001, 39(7), 937–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanifin, C. T.;. The Chemical and Evolutionary Ecology of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Toxicity in Terrestrial Vertebrates. Mar. Drugs. 2010, 8(3), 577–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magarlamov, T. Y.; Melnikova, D. I.; Chernyshev, A. V. Tetrodotoxin-producing Bacteria: Detection, Distribution and Migration of the Toxin in Aquatic Systems. Toxins. 2017, 9(5), 166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khor, S.; Wood, S.; Salvitti, L.; Taylor, D.; Adamson, J.; McNabb, P.; Cary, S. Investigating Diet as the Source of Tetrodotoxin in Pleurobranchaea Maculata. Mar. Drugs. 2014, 12(1), 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua, H. H.; Chew, L. P. Puffer Fish Poisoning: A Family Affair. Med. J. Malaysia. 2009, 64(2), 181–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ministry of Health. Labour and Welfare of Japan 2019. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/syokuchu/poison/animal_01.html (Accessed Mar 30, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Xu, M. 2016. http://www.newschinamag.com/newschina/articleDetail.do?article_id=910§ion_id=26&magazine_id= (Accessed Mar 30, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Chulanetra, M.; Sookrung, N.; Srimanote, P.; Indrawattana, N.; Thanongsaksrikul, J.; Sakolvaree, Y.; Chongsa-Nguan, M.; Kurazono, H.; Chaicumpa, W. Toxic Marine Puffer Fish in Thailand Seas and Tetrodotoxin They Contained. Toxins. 2011, 3(10), 1249–1262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. R.; Yin, M. C.; Hsieh, Y. L.; Yeh, Y. H.; Yang, Y. C.; Chung, Y. L.; Hsieh, C. H. E. Authentication of Consumer Fraud in Taiwanese Fish Products by Molecular Trace Evidence and Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing. Food Res. Int. 2014, 55, 294–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cong, N. H.; Tuan, L. T. Electrodiagnosis in Puffer Fish Poisoning–A Case Report. Electromyography Clin. Neurophysiol. 2006, 46(5), 291–294.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FDA. 2014. https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/advisory-puffer-fish (Accessed Mar 30, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Regulation EC No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April. Laying down Specific Hygiene Rules for on the Hygiene of Foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Union. 2004, L(139), 55.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, N. J.; Deeds, J. R.; Wong, E. S.; Hanner, R. H.; Yancy, H. F.; White, K. D.; Thompson, T. M.; Wahl, I.; Pham, T. D.; Guichard, F. M.;; et al. Public Health Response to Puffer Fish (tetrodotoxin) Poisoning from Mislabeled Product. J. Food Prot. 2009, 72(4), 810–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Associated with Eating Puffer Fish Transported from Japan–California, 1996. MMWR - Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep. 1996, 45(19), 389.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Food Safety News. 2014. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/01/fda-investigating-puffer-fish-poisoning-in-virginia/#.W1WZ5NIzbIX (Accessed May 03, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Kosker, A. R.; Özogul, F.; Durmus, M.; Ucar, Y.; Ayas, D.; Regenstein, J. M.; Özogul, Y. Tetrodotoxin Levels in Pufferfish (lagocephalus Sceleratus) Caught in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Food Chem. 2016, 210, 332–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rambla-Alegre, M.; Reverté, L.; Del Río, V.; de la Iglesia, P.; Palacios, O.; Flores, C.; Elliott, C. T.; Maillaude, C.; Boundy, M. J.; Harwoodf, D. T.;; et al. Evaluation of Tetrodotoxins in Puffer Fish Caught along the Mediterranean Coast of Spain. Toxin Profile of Lagocephalus Sceleratus. Environ. Res. 2017, 158, 1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guardone, L.; Gasperetti, L.; Maneschi, A.; Ricci, E.; Susini, F.; Guidi, A.; Armani, A. Toxic Invasive Pufferfish (tetraodontidae Family) along Italian Coasts: Assessment of an Emerging Public Health Risk. Food Control. 2018, 91, 330–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katikou, P.; Georgantelis, D.; Sinouris, N.; Ptesi, A.; Fotaras, T. First Report on Toxicity Assessment of the Lessepsian Migrant Puffer Fish Lagocephalus Sceleratus (gmelin, 1789) from European Waters (agean Sea, Greece). Toxicon. 2009, 54, 50–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez, P.; Alfonso, A.; Otero, P.; Katikou, P.; Georgantelis, D.; Botana, L. M. Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method to Detect Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in the Puffer Fish Lagocephalus Sceleratus (gmelin, 1789) from European Waters. Food Chem. 2012, 132(2), 1103–1111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kırımer, N.; Göker, F.; Özbek, E. Ö.; Coban, B.; Balcıoğlu, E. B.; Öztürk, B.; Güven, K. C. Tetrodotoxin and Fatty Acids Contents of Lagocephalus Sceleratus (gmelin, 1789) Collected in Antalya, Turkey, by MS/MS and GC/MS Analyses. J. Black Sea/Mediterr. Environ. 2016, 22, 3.
   Google Scholar
• Kosker, A. R.; Özogul, F.; Ayas, D.; Durmus, M.; Ucar, Y.; Regenstein, J. M.; Özogul, Y. Tetrodotoxin Levels of Three Pufferfish Species (lagocephalus Sp.) Caught in the North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Chemosphere. 2019, 219, 95–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saoudi, M.; Abdelmouleh, A.; Kammoun, W.; Ellouze, F.; Jamoussi, K.; El Feki, A. Toxicity Assessment of the Puffer Fish Lagocephalus Lagocephalus from the Tunisian Coast. C.R. Biol. 2008, 331(8), 611–616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosker, A. R.; Özogul, F.; Durmus, M.; Ucar, Y.; Ayas, D.; Šimat, V.; Özogul, Y. First Report on TTX Levels of the Yellow Spotted Pufferfish (torquigener Flavimaculosus) in the Mediterranean Sea. Toxicon. 2018, 148, 101–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, A.; Fenwick, D.; Powell, A.; Dhanji-Rapkova, M.; Ford, C.; Hatfield, R.; Santos, A.; Martinez-Urtaza, J.; Bean, T. P.; Baker-Austin, C.; et al. New Invasive Nemertean Species (cephalothrix Simula) in England with High Levels of Tetrodotoxin and a Microbiome Linked to Toxin Metabolism. Mar. Drugs. 2018, 16(11), 452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, F. M.; Fu, Y. M.; Shih, D. Y. C. Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Poisoning in Nassarius Papillosus Alectrion and Nassarius Gruneri Niotha. J. Food Drug Anal. 2004, 12(2), 189–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Pufferfish human poisoning 192003–2017 2019. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/syokuchu/poison/dl/animal_det_01-02.pdf (Accessed Mar 30, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Ababou, A.; Mosadik, A.; Squali, J.; Fikri, K. O.; Lazreq, C.; Sbihi, A. Intoxication Par Le Poisson Coffre [intoxication by Boxfish]. Annales Francaises D’anesthesie Et De Reanimation. 2000, 19(3), 188–190.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, S. H.; Tseng, C. Y.; Lin, C. C. Is Neostigmine Effective in Severe Pufferfish-associated Tetrodotoxin Poisoning?. Clin. Toxicol. 2015, 53(1), 13–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, C. C. P.; Zannin, M.; Rodrigues, D. S.; Santos, C. R. D.; Correa, I. A.; Haddad Junior, V. Clinical and Epidemiological Study of 27 Poisonings Caused by Ingesting Puffer Fish (tetrodontidae) in the States of Santa Catarina and Bahia, Brazil. Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo. 2010, 52(1), 51–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, H. L.; Lin, H. S.; Huang, C. C.; Hwang, D. F.; Liu, J. S.; Chen, W. H. Tetrodotoxication with Nassauris Glans: A Possibility of Tetrodotoxin Spreading in Marine Products near Pratas Island. American J.Trop. Med. Hyg. 2005, 73(5), 985–990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puech, B.; Batsalle, B.; Roget, P.; Turquet, J.; Quod, J. P.; Allyn, J.; Idoumbin, P.; Chane-Ming, J.; Villefranque, J.; Mougin-Damour, K.; et al. Intoxication Familiale À La Réunion (sud-ouest De L’océan Indien), Par Ingestion De Lagocephalus Sceleratus (tétrodon). Bulletin De La Société De Pathologie Exotique. 2014, 107, 79–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kungsuwan, A.; Noguchi, T.; Hashimoto, K.; Nagashima, Y.; Shida, Y.; Suvapeepan, S.; Suwansakornkul, P. Tetrodotoxin in the Horseshoe Crab Carcinoscorpius Rotundicauda Inhabiting Thailand. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. (Japan). 1987, 53(2), 261–266.
   Google Scholar
• Ngy, L.; Yu, C. F.; Takatani, T.; Arakawa, O. Toxicity Assessment for the Horseshoe Crab Carcinoscorpius Rotundicauda Collected from Cambodia. Toxicon. 2007, 49(6), 843–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanu, M. B.; Noguchi, T. Tetrodotoxin as a Toxic Principle in the Horseshoe Crab Carcinoscorpius Rotundicauda Collected from Bangladesh. Food Hyg. Saf. Sci.(Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi). 1999, 40(6), 426–430.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, B. L.; Stark, M. R.; Caldwell, R. L. Microdistribution of Tetrodotoxin in Two Species of Blue-ringed Octopuses (Hapalochlaena Lunulata and Hapalochlaena Fasciata) Detected by Fluorescent Immunolabeling. Toxicon. 2012, 60(7), 1307–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, B. L.; Caldwell, R. L. Intra-organismal Distribution of Tetrodotoxin in Two Species of Blue-ringed Octopuses (hapalochlaena Fasciata and H. Lunulata). Toxicon. 2009, 54(3), 345–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M.; Mebs, D.; Kwet, A.; Schneider, M. Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogue 6-epitetrodotoxin in Newts (triturus Spp.; Urodela, Salamandridae) from Southern Germany. Toxicon. 2007, 50(2), 306–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitelaw, B. L.; Cooke, I. R.; Finn, J.; Zenger, K.; Strugnell, J. M. The Evolution and Origin of Tetrodotoxin Acquisition in the Blue-ringed Octopus (genus Hapalochlaena). Aquat. Toxicol. 2018, 206, 114–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M. S.; Luby, S. P.; Rahman, M.; Parveen, S.; Homaira, N.; Begum, N. H.; Khan, K. M. D.; Sultana, R.; Akhter, S.; Gurley, E. S. Social Ecological Analysis of an Outbreak of Pufferfish Egg Poisoning in a Coastal Area of Bangladesh. American J.Trop. Med. Hyg. 2011, 85(3), 498–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panão, I.; Carrascosa, C.; Jaber, J. R.; Raposo, A. Puffer Fish and Its Consumption: To Eat or Not to Eat? Food Rev. Int. 2016, 32(3), 305–322.
   Google Scholar
• Cho, H. E.; Ahn, S. Y.; Son, I. S.; In, S.; Hong, R. S.; Kim, D. W.; Woo, S. H.; Moon, D. C.; Kim, S. Determination and Validation of Tetrodotoxin in Human Whole Blood Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and Its Application. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 217(13), 76–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luo, X.; Yu, R. C.; Wang, X. J.; Zhou, M. J. Toxin Composition and Toxicity Dynamics of Marine Gastropod Nassarius Spp. Collected from Lianyungang, China. Food Addit. Contam. 2012, 29(1), 117–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sui, L. M.; Chen, K.; Hwang, P. A.; Hwang, D. F. Identification of Tetrodotoxin in Marine Gastropods Implicated in Food Poisoning. J. Nat. Toxins. 2002, 11(3), 213–220.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hwang, P. A.; Tsai, Y. H.; Deng, J. F.; Cheng, C. A.; Ho, P. H.; Hwang, D. F. Identification of Tetrodotoxin in a Marine Gastropod (nassarius Glans) Responsible for Human Morbidity and Mortality in Taiwan. J. Food Prot. 2005, 68(8), 1696–1701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiu, Y. C.; Lu, Y. H.; Tsai, Y. H.; Chen, S. K.; Hwang, D. F. Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin in the Causative Gastropod Polinices Didyma and Another Gastropod Natica Lineata Collected from Western Taiwan. J. Food Drug Anal. 2003, 11(2), 159–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanchanapongkul, J.; Krittayapoositpot, P. An Epidemic of Tetrodotoxin Poisoning following Ingestion of the Horseshoe Crab Carcinoscorpius Rotundicauda. Vertigo. 1995, 30, 42.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, S.;. Puffer Fish Tragedy in Bangladesh: An Incident of Takifugu Oblongus Poisoning in Degholia, Khulna. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 2006, 28(2), 457–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, Q. T.; Razzak, M. A.; Islam, M. A.; Bari, M. I.; Basher, A.; Chowdhury, F. R.; Sayeduzzaman, A. B. M.; Ahasan, H. A. M. N.; Faiz, M. A.; Arakawa, O.;; et al. Puffer Fish Poisoning in Bangladesh: Clinical and Toxicological Results from Large Outbreaks in 2008. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2011, 105(2), 74–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q.; Zeng, W. W.; Li, K. B.; Chang, O. Q.; Liu, C.; Wu, G. H.; Shi, C. B.; Wu, S. Q. Outbreaks of an Iridovirus in Marbled Sleepy Goby, Oxyeleotris Marmoratus (bleeker), Cultured in Southern China. J. Fish Dis. 2011, 34(5), 399–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, J.; Yue, Y.; Xing, F.; Xia, W.; Lai, S.; Zhang, F. Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Caused by Goby Fish Consumption in Southeast China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis. Clinics. 2015, 70(1), 24–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. L.; Hsieh, C. H.; Hsieh, Y. L.; Tai, Y. C.; Hwang, D. F. Application of LC-MS/MS in Identification of Toxin in the Causative Gastropod and Victim Samples. J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 2013, 21, 52–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi, T.; Onuki, K.; Arakawa, O. Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Due to Pufferfish and Gastropods, and Their Intoxication Mechanism. ISRN Toxicol. 2011. DOI: 10.5402/2011/276939.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kanchanapongkul, J.;. Tetrodotoxin Poisoning following Ingestion of the Toxic Eggs of the Horseshoe Crab Carcinoscorpius Rotundicauda, a Case Series from 1994 through 2006. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 2008, 39(2), 303.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robert, R.; Muhammad Ali, S. H.; Amelia-Ng, P. F. Demographics of Horseshoe Crab Populations in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia with Emphasis on Carcinoscorpius Rotundicauda and Some Aspects of Its Mating Behaviour. Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 2014, 37(3), 375–388.
   Google Scholar
• Cavazzoni, E.; Lister, B.; Sargent, P.; Schibler, A. Blue-ringed Octopus (hapalochlaena Sp.) Envenomation of a 4-year-old Boy: A Case Report. Clin.Toxicol. 2008, 46(8), 760–761.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akyol, O.; Ünal, V.; Ceyhan, T.; Bilecenoglu, M. First Confirmed Record of Lagocephalus Sceleratus (gmelin, 1789) in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Fish Biol. 2005, 66(4), 1183–1186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben Souissi, J.; Rifi, M.; Ghanem, R.; Ghozzi, L.; Boughedir, W.; Azzurro, E. Lagocephalus Sceleratus (gmelin, 1789) Expands through the African Coasts Towards the Western Mediterranean Sea: A Call for Awareness. Management. 2014, 5(4), 357–362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neto, S.; de Lima, P.; Aquino, E. C. M. D.; Silva, J. A. D.; Amorim, M. L. P.; Oliveira Júnior, A. E. D.; Júnior, H. Envenenamento Fatal Por Baiacu (tetrodontidae): Relato De Um Caso Em Criança [fatal Poisoning by Puffer Fish (tetrodontidae): Report of a Case in Child]. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical. 2010, 43(1), 92–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Souza Simões, E. M.; Mendes, T. M. A.; Adão, A.; Junior, V. H. Poisoning after Ingestion of Pufferfish in Brazil: Report of 11 Cases. J. Venomous Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 2014, 20(1), 54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Núñez-Vázquez, E. J.; Yotsu-Yamashita, M.; Sierra-Beltrán, A. P.; Yasumoto, T.; Ochoa, J. L. Toxicities and Distribution of Tetrodotoxin in the Tissues of Puffer Fish Found in the Coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Toxicon. 2000, 38(5), 729–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochoa, J. L.; Sánchez-Paz, A.; Cruz-Villacorta, A.; Nunez-Vázquez, E.; Sierra-Beltrán, A. Toxic Events in the Northwest Pacific Coastline of Mexico during 1992–1995: Origin and Impact. In Asia-Pacific Conference on Science and Management of Coastal Environment; Springer: Dordrecht, 1997; pp 195–200.
   Google Scholar
• Sierra-Beltran, A. P.; Cruz, A.; Nunez, E.; Del Villar, L. M.; Cerecero, J.; Ochoa, J. L. An Overview of the Marine Food Poisoning in Mexico. Toxicon. 1998, 36(11), 1493–1502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuhrman, F. A.;. Tetrodotoxin, Tarichatoxin, and Chiriquitoxin: Historical Perspectives. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1986, 479(1), 1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagashima, Y.; Ohta, A.; Yin, X.; Ishizaki, S.; Matsumoto, T.; Doi, H.; Ishibashi, T. Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and Porcupinefish. Mar. Drugs. 2018, 16(1), 17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshaer, F. M.;. Comparative Histopathological Studies on Kidney and Liver of Rat Treated by Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Extracted from Gonads and Muscles of Porcupine Fish Species. Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud. 2016, 4, 355–360.
   Google Scholar
• Sims, J. K.; Ostman, D. C. Pufferfish Poisoning: Emergency Diagnosis and Management of Mild Human Tetrodotoxication. Ann. Emergency Med. 1986, 15(9), 1094–1098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeds, J. R.; White, K. D.; Etheridge, S. M.; Landsberg, J. H. Concentrations of Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin in Three Species of Puffers from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, the Location for Multiple Cases of Saxitoxin Puffer Poisoning from 2002 to 2004. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 2008, 137(5), 1317–1326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Haro, L.;. Intoxications Par Organismes Aquatiques [intoxications by Aquatic Organisms]. Méd. Trop. 2008, 68, 367–374.
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Ortega, J. F.; Morales-de Los Santos, J. M.; Herrera-Gutiérrez, M. E.; Fernández-Sánchez, V.; Loureo, P. R.; Rancaño, A. A.; Téllez-Andrade, A. Seafood Intoxication by Tetrodotoxin: First Case in Europe. J. Emergency Med. 2010, 39(5), 612–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, A.; Dhanji-Rapkova, M.; Coates, L.; Bickerstaff, L.; Milligan, S.; O’Neill, A.; Faulkner, D.; McEneny, H.; Baker-Austin, C.; Lees, D. N.; et al. Detection of Tetrodotoxin Shellfish Poisoning (TSP) Toxins and Causative Factors in Bivalve Molluscs from the UK. Mar. Drugs. 2017, 15(9), 277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leão, J.; Lozano-Leon, A.; Giráldez, J.; Vilariño, Ó.; Gago-Martínez, A. Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio Spp. In Bivalves from the Galician Rias (northwest of Spain). Mar. Drugs. 2018, 16(3), 81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigozzi, S.; Ceredi, A.; Pompei, M.; Bordin, P.; Bille, L.; Dell’Aversano, C.; Tartaglione, L.; Sidari, L.; Zanolin, B.; Cacitti, A.; et al. First Detection of Tetrodotoxin in Shellfish from Northern Italy. In Proceedings of the Book of abstracts of 6th International Symposium Marine and Freshwater Toxins Analysis, Baiona, Spain, 22–25 October 2017; Abstract no. P8. pp. 60–61.
   Google Scholar
• Dell’Aversano, C.; Tartaglione, L.; Polito, G.; Dean, K.; Giacobbe, M.; Casabianca, S.; Capellacci, S.; Penna, A.; Turner, A. D. First Detection of Tetrodotoxin and High Levels of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Shellfish from Sicily (italy) by Three Different Analytical Methods. Chemosphere. 2019, 215, 881–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar