Health Benefits of Prunus avium Plant Parts: An Unexplored Source Rich in Phenolic Compounds

References

• World Health Organization. Promoting Fruit and Vegetable Consumption around the World: 2003. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/fruit/en/(accessed Oct 4, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Ferlemi, A.-V.; Lamari, F. N. Berry Leaves: An Alternative Source of Bioactive Natural Products of Nutritional and Medicinal Value. Antioxidants. 2016, 5(2), 17. DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Shea, N.; Arendt, E. K.; Gallagher, E. Dietary Fibre and Phytochemical Characteristics of Fruit and Vegetable By-products and Their Recent Applications as Novel Ingredients in Food Products. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2012, 16, 1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfrank, L.; Lewin, N.; Flomenbaum, N.; Howland, M. The Pernicious Panacea: Herbal Medicine. Hosp Physician. 1982, 18, 64–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mentz, L. A.; Schenkel, E. P. Plantas Medicinais: A Coerência E a Confiabilidade Das Indicações Terapêuticas. Caderno De Farmácia 1989, Porto Alegre, RS. Vol. 5, n. 1/2 jan./ dez,,, 93–119. .
   Google Scholar
• Levy, C.; Seeff, L. D.; Lindor, K. D. Use of Herbal Supplements for Chronic Liver Disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2004, 2(11), 947–956. DOI: 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00455-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elberry, A. A.; Harraz, F. M.; Ghareib, S. A.; Gabr, S. A.; Nagy, A. A.; Abdel-Sattar, E. Methanolic Extract of Marrubium Vulgare Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Int. J. Diabetes Mellit. 2015, 3(1), 37–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdm.2011.01.004.
   Google Scholar
• Serra, A. T.; Duarte, R. O.; Bronze, M. R.; Duarte, C. M. Identification of Bioactive Response in Traditional Cherries from Portugal. Food Chem. 2011, 125(2), 318–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.088.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: 2015. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed Oct 15, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Duarte, A. P.; Silva, B. M. Nutritional and Phytochemical Potential of “Prunus avium L.”. In Natural Products: Research Reviews; Gupta, V.K., Ed.; Daya Publishing House: New Delhi, India, 2014, 185-202.
   Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, A. C.; Bento, C.; Silva, B. M.; Silva, L. R. Sweet Cherries from Fundão Possess Antidiabetic Potential and Protect Human Erythrocytes against Oxidative Damage. Food Res. Int. 2017, 95, 91–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferretti, G.; Bacchetti, T.; Belleggia, A.; Neri, D. Cherry Antioxidants: From Farm to Table. Molecules. 2010, 15(10), 6993–7005. DOI: 10.3390/molecules15106993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobek, L.; Šeruga, M.; Novak, I.; Medvidović-Kosanović, M. Flavonols, Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Activity of Some Red Fruits. Dtsch Lebensmitt Rundsch. 2007, 103(8), 369–378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Cagno, R.; Surico, R. F.; Minervini, G.; Rizzello, C. G.; Lovino, R.; Servili, M.; Taticchi, A.; Urbani, S.; Gobbetti, M. Exploitation of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Puree Added of Stem Infusion through Fermentation by Selected Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria. Food Microbiol. 2011, 28(5), 900–909. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooman, N.; Mojab, F.; Nickavar, B.; Pouryousefi-Kermani, P. Diuretic Effect of Powdered Cerasus avium (Cherry) Tails on Healthy Volunteers. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2009, 22(4), 381–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazso, G.; Gabor, M. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Stalk Extract. Pharmazie. 1994, 49(7), 540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetényi, E.; Vályi-Nagy, T. Pharmacology of Cherry (Prunus Avium) Stalk Extract. II. Cardiovascular Effects. Acta Physiol Acad Sci Hung, 1969, 35; 189-197.
   Google Scholar
• Hetenyi, E.; Valyi-Nagy, T. Pharmacology of Cherry (Prunus Avium) Stalk Extract. I. Effect on Smooth Muscle. Acta Physiol Acad Sci Hung, 1969; 35, 183-188.
   Google Scholar
• Rigau, A.;. Cultivo Del Cerezo. Sintes, Barcelona, 1963.
   Google Scholar
• Tarnai, E.; Pagliuca, G.; Piretti, M.; Cipollone, M. Systematic Investigation of Polyphenol Compounds from Different Parts of Cherry Tree (Prunus Avium). Fitoterapia. 1994, 65, 541–548.
   Google Scholar
• Bastos, C.; Barros, L.; Dueñas, M.; Calhelha, R. C.; Queiroz, M. J. R.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Ferreira, I. C. Chemical Characterisation and Bioactive Properties of Prunus Avium L.: The Widely Studied Fruits and the Unexplored Stems. Food Chem. 2015, 173, 1045–1053. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikiciuk, G.; Mikiciuk, M.; Możdżer, E.; Statkiewicz, M.; Chylewska, U. The Effects of Foliar Nutrition with InCa Fertilizer on the Chemical Composition of Leaves and Fruits of Sweet Cherry. J. Ecol. Eng. 2015, 16(2), 116–119. DOI: 10.12911/22998993/1865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geibel, M.; Gross, D. C.; Mo, Y.; Bonsall, R. F.; Geiger, H. Identification of Flavonol Glycosides from Prunus avium Leaves Which Induce the Production of Syringomycin by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Acta Hortic. 1993, 381, 662–666.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, H.; Treutter, D.; Schmid, P.; Schmitt, E.; Feucht, W. Specific Accumulation of O-diphenols in Stressed Leaves of Prunus Avium. Phytochemistry. 1989, 28(5), 1363–1364. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97746-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, B.; Moutinho-Pereira, J.; Santos, A.; Silva, A. P.; Bacelar, E.; Correia, C.; Rosa, E. Scion–rootstock Interaction Affects the Physiology and Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherry. Tree Physio. 2006, 26(1), 93–104. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/26.1.93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alarcão, A. D.;. Características Fisico-quimicas E Utilizações Agro-alimentares Da Cereja E Da Ginja. Revista De Ciências Agrárias. 1999, 22(3), 127–152.
   Google Scholar
• Olden, E.; Nybom, N. On the Origin of Prunus Cerasus L. Hereditas. 1968, 59(2–3), 327–345. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1968.tb02181.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, B.; Silva, A. Valor Nutricional Da Cereja. Efeitos Na Saúde. In Cerejais. A Árvore E O Fruto. Santos, A.S.A Ed., 2008.
   Google Scholar
• McCune, L. M.; Kubota, C.; Stendell-Hollis, N. R.; Thomson, C. A. Cherries and Health: A Review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2010, 51(1), 1–12. DOI: 10.1080/10408390903001719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esti, M.; Cinquanta, L.; Sinesio, F.; Moneta, E.; Di Matteo, M. Physicochemical and Sensory Fruit Characteristics of Two Sweet Cherry Cultivars after Cool Storage. Food Chem. 2002, 76(4), 399–405. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00231-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiecker, H.; Hein, S. Valuable Broadleaved Forests in Europe, Heinrich Spiecker, Sebastian Hein, Kaisu Makkoneb-Spiecker, Michael Thies, Eds., Brill, 22, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Linke, M.; Herppich, W. B.; Geyer, M. Green Peduncles May Indicate Postharvest Freshness of Sweet Cherries. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2010, 58(2), 135–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.05.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacholak, E.; Zydlik, Z.; Rutkowski, K. Effect of Cherry Nitrogen Fertilization on the Content of Minerals in the Leaves and Soil. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus. 2011, 10(1), 105–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Vasanthi, H.; ShriShriMal, N.; K Das, D. Phytochemicals from Plants to Combat Cardiovascular Disease. Curr. Med. Chem. 2012, 19(14), 2242–2251. DOI: 10.2174/092986712800229078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer, J.; Liu, R. H. Apple Phytochemicals and Their Health Benefits. Nutr. J. 2004, 3(1), 5. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-3-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheynier, V.;. Phenolic Compounds: From Plants to Foods. Phytochem. Rev. 2012, 11(2–3), 153–177. DOI: 10.1007/s11101-012-9242-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaovanalikit, A.; Wrolstad, R. Anthocyanin and Polyphenolic Composition of Fresh and Processed Cherries. J. Food Sci. 2004, 69(1), 73–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi, F.; Ambigaipalan, P. Phenolics and Polyphenolics in Foods, Beverages and Spices: Antioxidant Activity and Health effects–A Review. J. Funct. Foods. 2015, 18B, 820–897. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018.
   Google Scholar
• Randhir, R.; Lin, Y.-T.; Shetty, K. Phenolics, Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity in Dark Germinated Fenugreek Sprouts in Response to Peptide and Phytochemical Elicitors. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004, 13(3), 295–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lien, D. T. P.; Tram, P. T. B.; Toan, H. T. T. Antioxidant Properties of Food Natural Phenolic compounds–A Review. Innov. Food Res. 2016, 2, 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Cowan, M. M.;. Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999, 12(4), 564–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetty, K.;. Biotechnology to Harness the Benefits of Dietary Phenolics; Focus on Lamiaceae. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997, 6, 162–171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tomás‐Barberán, F. A.; Espin, J. C. Phenolic Compounds and Related Enzymes as Determinants of Quality in Fruits and Vegetables. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2001, 81(9), 853–876.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballistreri, G.; Continella, A.; Gentile, A.; Amenta, M.; Fabroni, S.; Rapisarda, P. Fruit Quality and Bioactive Compounds Relevant to Human Health of Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Cultivars Grown in Italy. Food Chem. 2013, 140(4), 630–638. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, B.; Landbo, A. K.; Let, M.; Silva, A. P.; Rosa, E.; Meyer, A. S. Storage Affects the Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of Cherries (Prunus Avium L) on Human Low‐density Lipoproteins. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2004, 84(9), 1013–1020. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naczk, M.; Shahidi, F. Extraction and Analysis of Phenolics in Food. J. Chromatogr. A. 2004, 1054(1), 95–111. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(04)01409-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattila, P.; Hellström, J. Phenolic Acids in Potatoes, Vegetables, and Some of Their Products. J. Food Compost Anal. 2007, 20(3), 152–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, R. J.;. Phenolic Acids in Foods: An Overview of Analytical Methodology. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(10), 2866–2887. DOI: 10.1021/jf026182t.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aires, A.; Dias, C.; Carvalho, R.; Saavedra, M. J. Analysis of Glycosylated Flavonoids Extracted from Sweet-cherry Stems, as Antibacterial Agents against Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolates. Acta Biochim. Pol. 2017, 64, 1–7. DOI: 10.18388/abp.2016_1374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bursal, E.; Köksal, E.; Gülçin, İ.; Bilsel, G.; Gören, A. C. Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenol Content of Cherry Stem (Cerasus Avium L.) Determined by LC–MS/MS. Food Res. Int. 2013, 51(1), 66–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattila, P.; Hellström, J.; Törrönen, R. Phenolic Acids in Berries, Fruits, and Beverages. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54(19), 7193–7199. DOI: 10.1021/jf0615247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelebek, H.; Selli, S. Evaluation of Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Cultivars. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2011, 46(12), 2530–2537. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02777.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, J.; Jiang, Q.; Lin, J.; Li, X.; Sun, C.; Chen, K. Physicochemical Characterisation of Four Cherry Species (Prunus Spp.) Grown in China. Food Chem. 2015, 173, 855–863. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Seedi, H. R.; El-Said, A. M.; Khalifa, S. A.; Goöransson, U.; Bohlin, L.; Borg-Karlson, A.-K.; Verpoorte, R. Biosynthesis, Natural Sources, Dietary Intake, Pharmacokinetic Properties, and Biological Activities of Hydroxycinnamic Acids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60(44), 10877–10895. DOI: 10.1021/jf301807g.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann, K.; Nagel, C. W. Occurrence and Content of Hydroxycinnamic and Hydroxybenzoic Acid Compounds in Foods. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 1989, 28(4), 315–347. DOI: 10.1080/10408398909527504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adom, K. K.; Liu, R. H. Antioxidant Activity of Grains. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50(21), 6182–6187. DOI: 10.1021/jf0205099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usenik, V.; Fabčič, J.; Štampar, F. Sugars, Organic Acids, Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium L.). Food Chem. 2008, 107(1), 185–192. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam, M. A.; Subhan, N.; Hossain, H.; Hossain, M.; Reza, H. M.; Rahman, M. M.; Ullah, M. O. Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives: A Potential Class of Natural Compounds for the Management of Lipid Metabolism and Obesity. Nutr. Metab. 2016, 13(1), 27.
   Google Scholar
• George, V. C.; Dellaire, G.; Rupasinghe, H. V. Plant Flavonoids in Cancer Chemoprevention: Role in Genome Stability. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2017, 45, 1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harborne, J. B.; Turner, B. L.; Harborne, J. Plant Chemosystematics; Academic Press: London, 1984; Vol. 123.
   Google Scholar
• Henning, W.; Herrmann, K. Flavonol Tetraglycosides from the Leaves of Prunus Cerasus and P. Avium. Phytochem. 1980, 19(12), 2727–2729. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83951-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo, -Y.-Y.; Geibel, M.; Bonsall, R. F.; Gross, D. C. Analysis of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Leaves for Plant Signal Molecules that Activate the syrB Gene Required for Synthesis of the Phytotoxin, Syringomycin, by Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. Plant Physiol. 1995, 107(2), 603–612. DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.2.603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erlund, I.;. Review of the Flavonoids Quercetin, Hesperetin, and Naringenin. Dietary Sources, Bioactivities, Bioavailability, and Epidemiology. Nutr. Res. 2004, 24(10), 851–874. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.07.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willits, M. G.; Giovanni, M. T.; Prata, R. T.; Kramer, C. M.; De Luca, V.; Steffens, J. C.; Graser, G. Bio-fermentation of Modified Flavonoids: An Example of in Vivo Diversification of Secondary Metabolites. Phytochem. 2004, 65(1), 31–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.10.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai, J.; Mumper, R. J. Plant Phenolics: Extraction, Analysis and Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties. Molecules. 2010, 15(10), 7313–7352. DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musialik, M.; Kuzmicz, R.; Pawłowski, T. S.; Litwinienko, G. Acidity of Hydroxyl Groups: An Overlooked Influence on Antiradical Properties of Flavonoids. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74(7), 2699–2709. DOI: 10.1021/jo802716v.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzeng, S.-H.; Ko, W.-C.; Ko, F.-N.; Teng, C.-M. Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Some Flavonoids. Thromb. Res. 1991, 64(1), 91–100. DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(91)90208-E.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faggio, C.; Sureda, A.; Morabito, S.; Silva, A. S.; Mocan, A.; Nabavi, S. F.; Nabavi, S. M. Flavonoids and Platelet Aggregation: A Brief Review. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2017, 807, 91–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deschner, E. E.; Ruperto, J.; Wong, G.; Newmark, H. L. Quercetin and Rutin as Inhibitors of Azoxymethanol-induced Colonic Neoplasia. Carcinogenesis. 1991, 12(7), 1193–1196. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/12.7.1193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batra, P.; Sharma, A. K. Anti-cancer Potential of Flavonoids: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives. Biotech. 2013, 3(6), 439–459.
   Google Scholar
• Suttana, W. A.;. Activities of Flavonoids: Mechanisms of Actions. Srinagarind Med. J. 2013, 28(4), 567–582.
   Google Scholar
• Middleton, E.; Kandaswami, C. Effects of Flavonoids on Immune and Inflammatory Cell Functions. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992, 43(6), 1167–1179. DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90489-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathee, P.; Chaudhary, H.; Rathee, S.; Rathee, D.; Kumar, V.; Kohli, K. Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids as Anti-inflammatory Agents: A Review. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets. 2009, 8(3), 229–235. DOI: 10.2174/187152809788681029.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Testai, L.; Martelli, A.; Cristofaro, M.; Breschi, M. C.; Calderone, V. Cardioprotective Effects of Different Flavonoids against Myocardial Ischaemia/reperfusion Injury in Langendorff‐perfused Rat Hearts. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2013, 65(5), 750–756. DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robards, K.; Antolovich, M. Analytical Chemistry of Fruit Bioflavonoids: A review. Analyst. 1997, 122(2), 11–34. DOI: 10.1039/a606499j.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, D.-O.; Heo, H. J.; Kim, Y. J.; Yang, H. S.; Lee, C. Y. Sweet and Sour Cherry Phenolics and Their Protective Effects on Neuronal Cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53(26), 9921–9927. DOI: 10.1021/jf0518599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giménez, M. J.; Valverde, J. M.; Valero, D.; Guillén, F.; Martínez-Romero, D.; Serrano, M.; Castillo, S. Quality and Antioxidant Properties on Sweet Cherries as Affected by Preharvest Salicylic and Acetylsalicylic Acids Treatments. Food Hem. 2014, 160, 226–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo, A. M.; Lourenço, A. M. Biossíntese De Produtos Naturais, Ana. Lobo, Ana M. Lourenço, Eds., Instituto Superior Técnico; Lisbon, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, J. A.; Kasum, C. M. Dietary Flavonoids: Bioavailability, Metabolic Effects, and Safety. Ann Rev Nutr. 2002, 22(1), 19–34. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.111401.144957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollman, P. C. H.; Katan, M. B. Dietary Flavonoids: Intake, Health Effects and Bioavailability. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1999, 37(9), 937–942. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00079-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, A. M. Y.; Young, G. Characteristics and Occurrence of Phenolic Phytochemicals. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1999, 99(2), 213–218. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00051-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gebhardt, S.; Harnly, J.; Bhagwat, S.; Beecher, G.; Doherty, R.; Holden, J.; Haytowitz, D.; Eldridge, A.; Peterson, J.; Dwyer, J. USDA’s Flavonoid Database: Flavonoids in Fruit, Agricultural Research Service, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Corradini, E.; Foglia, P.; Giansanti, P.; Gubbiotti, R.; Samperi, R.; Laganà, A. Flavonoids: Chemical Properties and Analytical Methodologies of Identification and Quantitation in Foods and Plants. Nat. Prod. Res. 2011, 25(5), 469–495. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.482054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsao, R.;. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Dietary Polyphenols. Nutrients. 2010, 2(12), 1231–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayer, R. J.; Veitch, N. C. Flavanones and Dihydroflavonols. In Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications, O. M. ANderson, K. R.,Markham,Eds.; CRC Press, 2005; pp 917–1002.
   Google Scholar
• Tripoli, E.; Guardia, M. L.; Giammanco, S.; Majo, D. D.; Giammanco, M. Citrus Flavonoids: Molecular Structure, Biological Activity and Nutritional Properties: A Review. Food Chem. 2007, 104(2), 466–479. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawaii, S.; Tomono, Y.; Katase, E.; Ogawa, K.; Yano, M. Quantitation of Flavonoid Constituents in Citrus Fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47(9), 3565–3571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): 2015. http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/food-composition (accessed Sep 6, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, R. A.; Pasinetti, G. M. Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids: From Plant Biology to Agriculture and Neuroscience. Plant Physiol. 2010, 154(2), 453–457. DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.161430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen, A.; Kulling, S. E.; Schwartz, H.; Rowland, I.; Ruefer, C. E.; Rimbach, G.; Cassidy, A.; Magee, P.; Millar, J.; Hall, W. L. Analytical and Compositional Aspects of Isoflavones in Food and Their Biological Effects. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2009, 53(S2), 266–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arts, I.; van de Putte, B.; Hollman, P. Catechin Contents of Foods Commonly Consumed in the Netherlands. 2. Tea, Wine, Fruit Juices, and Chocolate Milk. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48(5), 1752–1757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, L. R.; Costa, R. In Health Benefits of Nongallated and Gallated Flavan-3-ols: A Prospectus, Amanda L. Kinsey, Ed., Nova Science Publishers, 2014; Vol. 20, pp. 1–50.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, R. R.; Preedy, V. R.; Zibadi, S. Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease; Ronald R. Watson, Victor R. Preedi, Sherma, Zibadi, Eds.; Academic Press, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes, I.; Nave, F.; Gonçalves, R.; de Freitas, V.; Mateus, N. On the Bioavailability of Flavanols and Anthocyanins: Flavanol–anthocyanin Dimers. Food Chem. 2012, 135(2), 812–818. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedrich, J.; Lee, C. Identification of Non-anthocyanin Phenolic Compounds in Sweet and Sour Cherries. In IFT Annual Meeting Book of Abstracts, 1998, June 20‐4; Atlanta, Ga. Chicago; pp 20–24.
   Google Scholar
• Pazmiño-Durán, E. A.; Giusti, M. M.; Wrolstad, R. E.; Glória, M. B. A. Anthocyanins from Oxalis Triangularis as Potential Food Colorants. Food Chem. 2001, 75(2), 211–216. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00201-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castaneda-Ovando, A.; de Lourdes Pacheco-hernández, M.; Páez-Hernández, M. E.; Rodríguez, J. A.; Galán-Vidal, C. A. Chemical Studies of Anthocyanins: A Review. Food Chem. 2009, 113(4), 859–871. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schüller, E.; Halbwirth, H.; Mikulic-Petkovsek, M.; Slatnar, A.; Veberic, R.; Forneck, A.; Stich, K.; Spornberger, A. High Concentrations of Anthocyanins in Genuine Cherry-juice of Old Local Austrian Prunus Avium Varieties. Food Chem. 2015, 173, 935–942. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayaloglu, A. A.; Demir, N. Phenolic Compounds, Volatiles, and Sensory Characteristics of Twelve Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Cultivars Grown in Turkey. J. Food Sci. 2016, 81(1), 7–18. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serradilla, M. J.; Lozano, M.; Bernalte, M. J.; Ayuso, M. C.; López-Corrales, M.; González-Gómez, D. Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties Evolution during Ripening of ‘Ambrunés’ Sweet Cherry Cultivar. Food Sci. Technol. 2011, 44(1), 199–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manach, C.; Williamson, G.; Morand, C.; Scalbert, A.; Rémésy, C. Bioavailability and Bioefficacy of Polyphenols in Humans. I. Review of 97 Bioavailability Studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005, 81(1), 7–18. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.230S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Mateos, A.; Vauzour, D.; Krueger, C. G.; Shanmuganayagam, D.; Reed, J.; Calani, L.; Mena, P.; Del Rio, D.; Crozier, A. Bioavailability, Bioactivity and Impact on Health of Dietary Flavonoids and Related Compounds: An Update. Arch. Toxicol. 2014, 88(10), 1803–1853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, A. J.; Cañada, F. J.; Dı́az, J. C.; Kroon, P. A.; Mclauchlan, R.; Faulds, C. B.; Plumb, G. W.; Morgan, M. R.; Williamson, G. Dietary Flavonoid and Isoflavone Glycosides are Hydrolysed by the Lactase Site of Lactase Phlorizin Hydrolase. FEBS Lett. 2000, 468(2–3), 166–170. DOI: 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01211-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee, J.; DuPont, M.; Day, A.; Plumb, G.; Williamson, G.; Johnson, I. Intestinal Transport of Quercetin Glycosides in Rats Involves Both Deglycosylation and Interaction with the Hexose Transport Pathway. J. Nutr. 2000, 130(11), 2765–2771. DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.11.2765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Rio, D.; Calani, L.; Cordero, C.; Salvatore, S.; Pellegrini, N.; Brighenti, F. Bioavailability and Catabolism of Green Tea Flavan-3-ols in Humans. Nutrition. 2010, 26(11), 1110–1116. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, P.; Suwan, J.; Liu, J.; Dordick, J. S.; Linhardt, R. J. Recent Advances in Sulfotransferase Enzyme Activity Assays. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 403(6), 1491–1500. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5944-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piskula, M. K.; Terao, J. Accumulation of (−)-epicatechin Metabolites in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration and Distribution of Conjugation Enzymes in Rat Tissues. J. Nutr. 1998, 128(7), 1172–1178. DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.7.1172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heleno, S. A.; Martins, A.; Queiroz, M. J. R.; Ferreira, I. C. Bioactivity of Phenolic Acids: Metabolites versus Parent Compounds: A Review. Food Chem. 2015, 173, 501–513. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespy, V.; Morand, C.; Besson, C.; Cotelle, N.; Vézin, H.; Demigné, C.; Rémésy, C. The Splanchnic Metabolism of Flavonoids Highly Differed according to the Nature of the Compound. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003, 284(6), G980–G988. DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00223.2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scalbert, A.; Williamson, G. Dietary Intake and Bioavailability of Polyphenols. J. Nutr. 2000, 130(8), 2073–2085. DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.8.2073S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, F. M.; Bearden, M. M.; Keen, C. L. Cocoa and Chocolate Flavonoids: Implications for Cardiovascular Health. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2003, 103(2), 215–223. DOI: 10.1053/jada.2003.50028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palafox‐Carlos, H.; Ayala‐Zavala, J. F.; González‐Aguilar, G. A. The Role of Dietary Fiber in the Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Fruit and Vegetable Antioxidants. J. Food Sci. 2011, 76(1), 6–15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01957.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Rio, D.; Rodriguez-Mateos, A.; Spencer, J. P.; Tognolini, M.; Borges, G.; Crozier, A. Dietary (Poly) Phenolics in Human Health: Structures, Bioavailability, and Evidence of Protective Effects against Chronic Diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2013, 18(14), 1818–1892. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olthof, M. R.; Hollman, P. C.; Katan, M. B. Chlorogenic Acid and Caffeic Acid are Absorbed in Humans. J. Nutr. 2001, 131(1), 66–71. DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.1.66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechner, A. R.; Spencer, J. P.; Kuhnle, G.; Hahn, U.; Rice-Evans, C. A. Novel Biomarkers of the Metabolism of Caffeic Acid Derivatives in Vivo. Free Radical Biol. Med. 2001, 30(11), 1213–1222. DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00506-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern, S. M.; Bennett, R. N.; Mellon, F. A.; Kroon, P. A.; Garcia-Conesa, M.-T. Absorption of Hydroxycinnamates in Humans after High-bran Cereal Consumption. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(20), 6050–6055. DOI: 10.1021/jf0302299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne, L. C.; Rice-Evans, C. Bioavailability of Ferulic Acid. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun. 1998, 253(2), 222–227. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manach, C.; Scalbert, A.; Morand, C.; Rémésy, C.; Jiménez, L. Polyphenols: Food Sources and Bioavailability. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004, 79(5), 727–747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford, M. N.;. Chlorogenic Acids and Other Cinnamates–nature, Occurrence and Dietary Burden. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1999, 79(3), 362–372. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(19990301)79:3<362::AID-JSFA256>3.0.CO;2-D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azuma, K.; Ippoushi, K.; Nakayama, M.; Ito, H.; Higashio, H.; Terao, J. Absorption of Chlorogenic Acid and Caffeic Acid in Rats after Oral Administration. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48(11), 5496–5500. DOI: 10.1021/jf000483q.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonthier, M.-P.; Verny, M.-A.; Besson, C.; Rémésy, C.; Scalbert, A. Chlorogenic Acid Bioavailability Largely Depends on Its Metabolism by the Gut Microflora in Rats. J. Nutr. 2003, 133(6), 1853–1859. DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.6.1853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreasen, M. F.; Kroon, P. A.; Williamson, G.; Garcia-Conesa, M.-T. Esterase Activity Able to Hydrolyze Dietary Antioxidant Hydroxycinnamates Is Distributed along the Intestine of Mammals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49(11), 5679–5684. DOI: 10.1021/jf010668c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalmach, A.;. Bioavailability of Dietary Anthocyanins and Hydroxycinnamic Acids. In Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease; Ronald R. Watson, Victor R. Preedy, Sherma Zibadi, Eds.; Academic Press: 2014. Vol. 1, pp 561–576.
   Google Scholar
• Azzini, E.; Bugianesi, R.; Romano, F.; Di Venere, D.; Miccadei, S.; Durazzo, A.; Foddai, M.; Catasta, G.; Linsalata, V.; Maiani, G. Absorption and Metabolism of Bioactive Molecules after Oral Consumption of Cooked Edible Heads of Cynara Scolymus L. (Cultivar Violetto Di Provenza) in Human Subjects: A Pilot Study. Br. J. Nutr. 2007, 97(5), 963–969. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507617218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalmach, A.; Mullen, W.; Barron, D.; Uchida, K.; Yokota, T.; Cavin, C.; Steiling, H.; Williamson, G.; Crozier, A. Metabolite Profiling of Hydroxycinnamate Derivatives in Plasma and Urine after the Ingestion of Coffee by Humans: Identification of Biomarkers of Coffee Consumption. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2009, 37(8), 1749–1758. DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.028019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, N.; Zuo, Y.; Lu, X.; Anwar, F.; Hameed, S. Characterization of Free and Conjugated Phenolic Compounds in Fruits of Selected Wild Plants. Food Chem. 2016, 190, 80–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilera, Y.; Martin-Cabrejas, M. A.; de Mejia, E. G. Phenolic Compounds in Fruits and Beverages Consumed as Part of the Mediterranean Diet: Their Role in Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Phytochem. Rev. 2016, 15(3), 405–423. DOI: 10.1007/s11101-015-9443-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šilarová, P.; Česlová, L.; Meloun, M. Fast Gradient HPLC/MS Separation of Phenolics in Green Tea to Monitor Their Degradation. Food Chem. 2017, 237, 471–480. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasundram, N.; Sundram, K.; Samman, S. Phenolic Compounds in Plants and Agri-industrial By-products: Antioxidant Activity, Occurrence, and Potential Uses. Food Chem. 2006, 99(1), 191–203. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conforti, F.; Menichini, F.; Formisano, C.; Rigano, D.; Senatore, F.; Arnold, N. A.; Piozzi, F. Comparative Chemical Composition, Free Radical-scavenging and Cytotoxic Properties of Essential Oils of Six Stachys Species from Different Regions of the Mediterranean Area. Food Chem. 2009, 116(4), 898–905. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez, J. P.; Serrano, J.; Tabernero, M.; Arranz, S.; Díaz-Rubio, M. E.; García-Diz, L.; Goñi, I.; Saura-Calixto, F. Effects of Grape Antioxidant Dietary Fiber in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Nutrition. 2008, 24(7), 646–653. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.03.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, G.-N.; Shin, J.-G.; Jang, H.-D. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) Extract Treated with Aspergillus saitoi. Food Chem. 2009, 117(1), 35–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L.; Weller, C. L. Recent Advances in Extraction of Nutraceuticals from Plants. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2006, 17(6), 300–312. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2005.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, S.; Aguilar, C. N.; Garza‐Rodriguez, I. D. L.; Mussatto, S. I.; Teixeira, J. A. Kinetic Study of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Recovery from Larrea Tridentata by Microwave‐assisted Extraction. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2010, 85(8), 1142–1147. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.2412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Rijke, E.; Out, P.; Niessen, W. M.; Ariese, F.; Gooijer, C.; Udo, A. T. Analytical Separation and Detection Methods for Flavonoids. J. Chromatogr. A. 2006, 1112(1), 31–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrales, M.; García, A. F.; Butz, P.; Tauscher, B. Extraction of Anthocyanins from Grape Skins Assisted by High Hydrostatic Pressure. J. Food Eng. 2009, 90(4), 415–421. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.07.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, L. R.; Queiroz, M. Bioactive Compounds of Red Grapes from Dão Region (Portugal): Evaluation of Phenolic and Organic Profile. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2016, 6(4), 315–321. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.12.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liesivuori, J.;. Methanol and Formic Acid Toxicity: Biochemical Mechanisms. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1991, 69(3), 157–163. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1991.tb01290.x.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Salas, P.; Morales-Soto, A.; Segura-Carretero, A.; Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. Phenolic-compound-extraction Systems for Fruit and Vegetable Samples. Molecules. 2010, 15(12), 8813–8826. DOI: 10.3390/molecules15128813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennion, M.-C.;. Solid-phase Extraction: Method Development, Sorbents, and Coupling with Liquid Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A. 1999, 856(1), 3–54. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00832-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalkiewicz, A.; Biesaga, M.; Pyrzynska, K. Solid-phase Extraction Procedure for Determination of Phenolic Acids and Some Flavonols in Honey. J. Chromatogr. A. 2008, 1187(1), 18–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, K.; Beta, T.; Arntfield, S. A Comparative Study on the Phenolic Acids Identified and Quantified in Dry Beans Using HPLC as Affected by Different Extraction and Hydrolysis Methods. Food Chem. 2009, 113(1), 336–344. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, E.; Berger, R.; Blass, E.; Sluyts, D.; Pfennig, A. Liquid–liquid Extraction Equipment. In Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Online Version). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co: KGaA, Weinheim: Germany, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Bleve, M.; Ciurlia, L.; Erroi, E.; Lionetto, G.; Longo, L.; Rescio, L.; Schettino, T.; Vasapollo, G. An Innovative Method for the Purification of Anthocyanins from Grape Skin Extracts by Using Liquid and Sub-critical Carbon Dioxide. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2008, 64(2), 192–197. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.10.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoddami, A.; Wilkes, M. A.; Roberts, T. H. Techniques for Analysis of Plant Phenolic Compounds. Molecules. 2013, 18(2), 2328–2375. DOI: 10.3390/molecules18022328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toma, M.; Vinatoru, M.; Paniwnyk, L.; Mason, T. Investigation of the Effects of Ultrasound on Vegetal Tissues during Solvent Extraction. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2001, 8(2), 137–142. DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4177(00)00033-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinatoru, M.;. An Overview of the Ultrasonically Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Principles from Herbs. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2001, 8(3), 303–313. DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00071-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camel, V.;. Recent Extraction Techniques for Solid Matrices—supercritical Fluid Extraction, Pressurized Fluid Extraction and Microwave-assisted Extraction: Their Potential and Pitfalls. Analyst. 2001, 126(7), 1182–1193. DOI: 10.1039/b008243k.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, X.-L.; Wan, J.-Y.; Li, P.; Qi, L.-W. Ultrasonic/microwave Assisted Extraction and Diagnostic Ion Filtering Strategy by Liquid Chromatography–quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Characterization of Flavonoids in Spatholobus Suberectus. J. Chromatogr. A. 2011, 1218(34), 5774–5786. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrero, M.; Cifuentes, A.; Ibañez, E. Sub-and Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Functional Ingredients from Different Natural Sources: Plants, Food-by-products, Algae and Microalgae: A Review. Food Chem. 2006, 98(1), 136–148. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odriozola-Serrano, I.; Soliva-Fortuny, R.; Martín-Belloso, O. Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, Vitamin C and Antioxidant Capacity of Strawberry Juices Processed by High-intensity Pulsed Electric Fields or Heat Treatments. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2008, 228(2), 239. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0928-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglett, G. E.; Rose, D. J.; Chen, D.; Stevenson, D. G.; Biswas, A. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Whole Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Möench) with or without Microwave Irradiation. Food Chem. 2010, 119(3), 1216–1219. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.07.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Queiroz, C.; Moreira, C.; Lavinas, F.; Lopes, M.; Fialho, E.; Valente-Mesquita, V. Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Phenolic Compounds, Ascorbic Acid and Antioxidant Activity in Cashew Apple Juice. High Press. Res. 2010, 30(4), 507–513. DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2010.530598.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milos, M.; Mastelic, J.; Jerkovic, I. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Effect of Glycosidically Bound Volatile Compounds from Oregano (Origanum Vulgare L. Ssp. Hirtum). Food Chem. 2000, 71(1), 79–83. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00144-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justesen, U.; Knuthsen, P.; Leth, T. Quantitative Analysis of Flavonols, Flavones, and Flavanones in Fruits, Vegetables and Beverages by High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo-diode Array and Mass Spectrometric Detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 1998, 799(1), 101–110. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01061-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tohma, H.; Gülçin, İ.; Bursal, E.; Gören, A. C.; Alwasel, S. H.; Köksal, E. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) Determined by HPLC-MS/MS. J. Food Meas. Charact. 2017, 11(2), 556–566. DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9423-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouchemoukh, S.; Amessis-Ouchemoukh, N.; Gómez-Romero, M.; Aboud, F.; Giuseppe, A.; Fernández-Gutiérrez, A.; Segura-Carretero, A. Characterisation of Phenolic Compounds in Algerian Honeys by RP-HPLC Coupled to Electrospray Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry. Food Sci. Technol. 2016, 85(B), 460–469.
   Google Scholar
• Stalikas, C. D.;. Extraction, Separation, and Detection Methods for Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids. J. Sep. Sci. 2007, 30(18), 3268–3295. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayaz, F. A.; Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, S.; Gruz, J.; Novak, O.; Strnad, M. Separation, Characterization, and Quantitation of Phenolic Acids in a Little-known Blueberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) Fruit by HPLC-MS. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53(21), 8116–8122. DOI: 10.1021/jf058057y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau, S.; Renard, C. M.; Reich, M.; Ginies, C.; Audergon, J.-M. Change in Anthocyanin Concentrations in Red Apricot Fruits during Ripening. Food Sci. Technol. 2009, 42(1), 372–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, N.; Yu, S.; Prior, R. L. LC/MS/MS Characterization of Phenolic Constituents in Dried Plums. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50(12), 3579–3585. DOI: 10.1021/jf0201327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreres, F.; Magalhães, S.; Gil-Izquierdo, A.; Valentão, P.; Cabrita, A.; Fonseca, A.; Andrade, P. HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn Profiling of Phenolic Compounds from Lathyrus cicera L. Seeds. Food Chem. 2017, 214, 678–685. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes-Lutz, D.; Dettmann, J.; Nimalaratne, C.; Schieber, A. Characterization and Quantification of Polyphenols in Amazon Grape (Pourouma cecropiifolia Martius). Molecules. 2010, 15(12), 8543–8552. DOI: 10.3390/molecules15128543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchwell, M. I.; Twaddle, N. C.; Meeker, L. R.; Doerge, D. R. Improving LC–MS Sensitivity through Increases in Chromatographic Performance: Comparisons of UPLC–ES/MS/MS to HPLC–ES/MS/MS. J. Chromatogr. B. 2005, 825(2), 134–143. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.05.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraushofer, T.; Sontag, G. Determination of Some Phenolic Compounds in Flax Seed and Nettle Roots by HPLC with Coulometric Electrode Array Detection. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2002, 215(6), 529–533. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-002-0606-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C.; Zuo, Y. Ultrasound-assisted Hydrolysis and Gas Chromatography–mass Spectrometric Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Cranberry Products. Food Chem. 2011, 128(2), 562–568. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J.; Rennaker, C.; Wrolstad, R. E. Correlation of Two Anthocyanin Quantification Methods: HPLC and Spectrophotometric Methods. Food Chem. 2008, 110(3), 782–786. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naczk, M.; Shahidi, F. Phenolics in Cereals, Fruits and Vegetables: Occurrence, Extraction and Analysis. J Pharma Biomed Anal. 2006, 41(5), 1523–1542. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.04.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caridi, D.; Trenerry, V. C.; Rochfort, S.; Duong, S.; Laugher, D.; Jones, R. Profiling and Quantifying Quercetin Glucosides in Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Food Chem. 2007, 105(2), 691–699. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, Z.; Yu, D.; Niu, Y.; Chen, F.; Song, S.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, G. Characterization of Aroma Compounds of Chinese Famous Liquors by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Flash GC Electronic-nose. J. Chromatogr. B. 2014, 945, 92–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlewood, A. B.;. Gas Chromatography: Principles, Techniques, and Applications; Academic Press, 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Blainski, A.; Lopes, G. C.; De Mello, J. C. P. Application and Analysis of the Folin Ciocalteu Method for the Determination of the Total Phenolic Content from Limonium Brasiliense L. Molecules. 2013, 18(6), 6852–6865. DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, D. C.; Costa, H.; Albuquerque, T. G.; Ramos, F.; Castilho, M. C.; Sanches-Silva, A. Advances in Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Aromatic Plants and Their Potential Applications. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2015, 45(2), 336–354. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.06.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, F. B.;. Plant-based Foods and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003, 78(3), 544–551. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.544S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, F.; Nowson, C.; Lucas, M.; MacGregor, G. Increased Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables Is Related to a Reduced Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2007, 21(9), 717–728. DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riboli, E.; Norat, T. Epidemiologic Evidence of the Protective Effect of Fruit and Vegetables on Cancer Risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003, 78(3), 559–569. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.559S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmetz, K. A.; Potter, J. D. Vegetables, Fruit, and Cancer Prevention: A Review. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1996, 96(10), 1027–1039. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00273-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertog, M. G.; Feskens, E. J.; Kromhout, D.; Hollman, P.; Katan, M. Dietary Antioxidant Flavonoids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: The Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet. 1993, 342(8878), 1007–1011. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92876-U.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parr, A. J.; Bolwell, G. P. Phenols in the Plant and in Man. The Potential for Possible Nutritional Enhancement of the Diet by Modifying the Phenols Content or Profile. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2000, 80(7), 985–1012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benavente-García, O.; Castillo, J.; Marin, F. R.; Ortuño, A.; Del Río, J. A. Uses and Properties of Citrus Flavonoids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45(12), 4505–4515. DOI: 10.1021/jf970373s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manach, C.; Mazur, A.; Scalbert, A. Polyphenols and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2005, 16(1), 77–84. DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200502000-00013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton, E.; Kandaswami, C.; Theoharides, T. C. The Effects of Plant Flavonoids on Mammalian Cells: Implications for Inflammation, Heart Disease, and Cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 2000, 52(4), 673–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samman, S.; Lyons Wall, P.; Cook, N. C. Flavonoids and Coronary Heart Disease: Dietary Perspectives. In Flavonoids in Health and Disease; Rice-Evans, L. Parcker, Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1998; pp 469–482.
   Google Scholar
• Puupponen‐Pimiä, R.; Nohynek, L.; Meier, C.; Kähkönen, M.; Heinonen, M.; Hopia, A.; Oksman‐Caldentey, K. M. Antimicrobial Properties of Phenolic Compounds from Berries. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2001, 90(4), 494–507. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01271.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiazGranados, C. A.; Cardo, D. M.; McGowan, J. E. Antimicrobial Resistance: International Control Strategies, with a Focus on Limited-resource Settings. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 2008, 32(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.03.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overbye, K. M.; Barrett, J. F. Antibiotics: Where Did We Go Wrong? Drug Discov. Today. 2005, 10(1), 45–52. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03285-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rıos, J.; Recio, M. Medicinal Plants and Antimicrobial Activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 100(1), 80–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajkarimi, M.; Ibrahim, S.; Cliver, D. Antimicrobial Herb and Spice Compounds in Food. Food Control. 2010, 21(9), 1199–1218. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emad El Din, G. G.; Esmaiel, N. M.; Salem, M. Z.; Gomaa, S. E. In Vitro Screening for Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Seed Extracts. Int J Biotechnol Wellness Ind. 2016, 5(4), 142–152.
   Google Scholar
• Ahn, S.; Ryu, H.; Kang, D.; Jung, I.; Sohn, H. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of the Fruit of Prunus Avium L. Korean J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009, 37(4), 371–376.
   Google Scholar
• Piccirillo, C.; Demiray, S.; Ferreira, A. S.; Pintado, M.; Castro, P. M. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Properties of Stem and Leaf Extracts from Ginja Cherry Plant. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 43, 562–569. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.08.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado-Adámez, J.; Fernández-León, M. F.; Velardo-Micharet, B.; González-Gómez, D. In Vitro Assays of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extracts from Different Prunus Salicina Lindl. Cultivars. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2012, 50(7), 2481–2486. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanbali, L. B.; Amiry, J. G.; Ghadieh, R. M.; Hasan, H. A.; Koussan, S. S.; Nakhal, Y. K.; Tarraf, A. M.; Haddad, J. J. The Antimicrobial Activity of Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium) Extracts: Measurement of Sensitivity and Attenuation of Gram-positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and C. Albicans in Culture. Curr. Nutr. Food Sci. 2012, 8(4), 292–303. DOI: 10.2174/157340112803832174.
   Google Scholar
• Borneo, R.; León, A.; Aguirre, A.; Ribotta, P.; Cantero, J. Antioxidant Capacity of Medicinal Plants from the Province of Córdoba (Argentina) and Their in Vitro Testing in a Model Food System. Food Chem. 2009, 112(3), 664–670. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, K.-L.; Yin, M.-C. Individual and Combined Antioxidant Effects of Seven Phenolic Agents in Human Erythrocyte Membrane Ghosts and Phosphatidylcholine Liposome Systems: Importance of the Partition Coefficient. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48(6), 2266–2270. DOI: 10.1021/jf990946w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruoma, O. I.; Halliwell, B.; Hoey, B. M.; Butler, J. The Antioxidant Action of N-acetylcysteine: Its Reaction with Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydroxyl Radical, Superoxide, and Hypochlorous Acid. Free Radical Biol. Med. 1989, 6(6), 593–597. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(89)90066-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Snafi, A. E.;. Medicinal Plants with Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Effects (Part 2): Plant Based Review. IOSR J. Pharm. 2016, 6(7), 62–82.
   Google Scholar
• Skotti, E.; Anastasaki, E.; Tarantilis, P.; Polissiou, M. Total Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Selected Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Microbiokosmos. 5th Conference of Microbiokosmos, Athens, Greece, December 13-15, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Kutlu, T.; Takim, K.; Çeken, B.; Kizil, M. DNA Damage Protecting Activity and in Vitro Antioxidant Potential of the Methanol Extract of Cherry (Prunus Avium L). J. Med. Plant Res. 2014, 8(19), 715–726. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2013.5350.
   Google Scholar
• Serra, A. T.; Seabra, I. J.; Braga, M. E.; Bronze, M.; de Sousa, H. C.; Duarte, C. M. Processing Cherries (Prunus Avium) Using Supercritical Fluid Technology. Part 1: Recovery of Extract Fractions Rich in Bioactive Compounds. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 2010, 55(3), 1007–1013. DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.06.006.
   Google Scholar
• Dos Santos, S. M.; Extracção, Purificação E Determinação Da Actividade Antioxidante De Compostos Fenólicos Da Espécie Prunus Avium. Msc Thesis. Universidade da Beira Interior, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Saleem, M. M. N. M.; Sulaiman, G. M.; Mohammad, A. A. W.; Mohammad, A. A. Biological Effects of Stick Cherry, Soybean Seed and Licorice Root Extracts on Concentration of Serum Hormone Levels in Male Mice. Iraqi J Med Sci. 2014, 71(4), 78–42.
   Google Scholar
• USDA. Diet, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation; WHO and FAO: Geneva, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Ozkanlar, S.; Akcay, F. Antioxidant Vitamins in Atherosclerosis–Animal Experiments and Clinical Studies. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 2012, 21, 2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohlmeier, L.; Hastings, S. B. Epidemiologic Evidence of a Role of Carotenoids in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1995, 62(6), 1370–1376. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1370S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleem, M.; Mohammed, A.; Al-Amiery, A.; Hussan, Y. In Vivo Study of Cherry Stick Effect on Concentration of Serum Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Total Protein in White Albino Male Mice. J. Fac. Med. Baghdad. 2010, 52(3), 342–345.
   Google Scholar
• Olokoba, A. B.; Obateru, O. A.; Olokoba, L. B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Trends. Oman Med. J. 2012, 27(4), 269–273. DOI: 10.5001/omj.2012.68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kavishankar, G.; Lakshmidevi, N.; Murthy, S. M.; Prakash, H.; Niranjana, S. Diabetes and Medicinal plants-A Review. Int. J. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 2011, 2(3), 65–80.
   Google Scholar
• Rahimi, R.; Nikfar, S.; Larijani, B.; Abdollahi, M. A Review on the Role of Antioxidants in the Management of Diabetes and Its Complications. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2005, 59(7), 365–373. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2005.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiti, R.; Jana, D.; Das, U.; Ghosh, D. Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Seed of Tamarindus Indica in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 92(1), 85–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H.; Song, F.; Xing, J.; Tsao, R.; Liu, Z.; Screening, L. S. Structural Characterization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids Extract by Ultrafiltration LC-DAD-MSn and SORI-CID FTICR MS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 20(8), 1496–1503. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.04.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, D. Q.; Qian, Z. M.; Li, S. P. Inhibition of Three Selected Beverage Extracts on Alpha-glucosidase and Rapid Identification of Their Active Compounds Using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and Biochemical Detection. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58(11), 6608–6613. DOI: 10.1021/jf100853c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamun-or-Rashid, A.; Hossain, M. S.; Naim Hassan, B.; Kumar Dash, M.; Sapon, A.; Sen, M. K. A Review on Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2014, 3(4), 149–159.
   Google Scholar
• Elekofehinti, O. O.;. Saponins: Anti-diabetic Principles from Medicinal Plants–A Review. Pathophysiology. 2015, 22(2), 95–103. DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.02.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sulaiman, G. M.; Al-Amiery, A. A.; Mohammed, A. A.; Al-Temimi, A. A. The Effect of Cherry Sticks Extract on the Levels of Glycoproteins in Alloxan-induced Experimental Diabetic Mice. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 2012, 42(1), 34–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Amiery, A. A.; Mohammed, A. A.; Alhyali, G. M. Novel in Vivo Studies on the Effect of Ethanolic Stick Cherries Extract in Diabetes Management. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2011, 7(4), 476–478.
   Google Scholar
• Tettey, C. O.; Lincha, V. R.; Lee, D. U.; Yang, I. J.; Shin, H. M. Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of the Flowers of Prunus Persica Var. Davidiana. J. Food Biochem. 2016, 40(2), 227–234. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azab, A.; Nassar, A.; Azab, A. N. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Natural Products. Molecules. 2016, 21(10), 1321. DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkes, J.; Viswanathan, V.; Savkovic, S.; Hecht, G. Intestinal Epithelial Responses to Enteric Pathogens: Effects on the Tight Junction Barrier, Ion Transport, and Inflammation. Gut. 2003, 52(3), 439–451. DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.3.439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polya, G.;. Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds: A Pharmacological Reference Guide to Sites of Action and Biological Effects; CRC press: Florida, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Iwalewa, E.; McGaw, L.; Naidoo, V.; Eloff, J. Inflammation: The Foundation of Diseases and Disorders. A Review of Phytomedicines of South African Origin Used to Treat Pain and Inflammatory Conditions. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2007, 6(25), 2868–2885. DOI: 10.5897/AJB2007.000-2457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilgun-Sherki, Y.; Melamed, E.; Offen, D. Oxidative Stress Induced-neurodegenerative Diseases: The Need for Antioxidants that Penetrate the Blood Brain Barrier. Neuropharmacol. 2001, 40(8), 959–975. DOI: 10.1016/S0028-3908(01)00019-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, R. A.; Spinozzi, G. M.; Simon, V. A.; Kelley, D. S.; Prior, R. L.; Hess-Pierce, B.; Kader, A. A. Consumption of Cherries Lowers Plasma Urate in Healthy Women. J. Nutr. 2003, 133(6), 1826–1829. DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.6.1826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. C.;. Neuroprotective Phenolics in Medicinal Plants. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2010, 33(10), 1611–1632. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1011-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruoma, O. I.; Bahorun, T.; Jen, L.-S. Neuroprotection by Bioactive Components in Medicinal and Food Plant Extracts. Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. 2003, 544(2), 203–215. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.06.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M. R.; Zaman, A.; Jahan, I.; Chakravorty, R.; Chakraborty, S. In Silico QSAR Analysis of Quercetin Reveals Its Potential as Therapeutic Drug for Alzheimer’s Disease. J. Young Pharm. 2013, 5(4), 173–179. DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.11.005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Echeverry, C.; Arredondo, F.; Abin-Carriquiry, J. A.; Midiwo, J. O.; Ochieng, C.; Kerubo, L.; Dajas, F. Pretreatment with Natural Flavones and Neuronal Cell Survival after Oxidative Stress: A Structure− Activity Relationship Study. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58(4), 2111–2115. DOI: 10.1021/jf902951v.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suganthy, N.; Devi, K. P.; Nabavi, S. F.; Braidy, N.; Nabavi, S. M. Bioactive Effects of Quercetin in the Central Nervous System: Focusing on the Mechanisms of Actions. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2016, 84, 892–908. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, J.; Baitharu, I.; Sharma, A. K.; Dutta, R.; Prasad, D.; Singh, S. B. Quercetin Reverses Hypobaric Hypoxia-induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Improves Memory Function in the Rat. High Alt. Med. Biol. 2013, 14(4), 383–394. DOI: 10.1089/ham.2013.1014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chouhan, A.; Karma, A.; Artani, N.; Parihar, D. Overview on Cancer: Role of Medicinal Plants in Its Treatment. World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2016, 5(5), 185–207.
   Google Scholar
• Carocho, M.; Ferreira, I. C. The Role of Phenolic Compounds in the Fight against Cancer–a Review. Anti Cancer Agents Med. Chem. 2013, 13(8), 1236–1258. DOI: 10.2174/18715206113139990301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martini, M.; De Santis, M. C.; Braccini, L.; Gulluni, F.; Hirsch, E. PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Cancer: An Updated Review. Ann. Med. 2014, 46(6), 372–383. DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.912836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhaesebroeck, B.; Guillermet-Guibert, J.; Graupera, M.; Bilanges, B. The Emerging Mechanisms of Isoform-specific PI3K Signalling. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2010, 11(5), 329–341. DOI: 10.1038/nrm2882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H.; Nair, M. G.; Strasburg, G. M.; Chang, Y.-C.; Booren, A. M.; Gray, J. I.; DeWitt, D. L. Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Anthocyanins and Their Aglycon, Cyanidin, from Tart Cherries. J. Nat. Prod. 1999, 62(2), 294–296. DOI: 10.1021/np980501m.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H.; Nair, M. G.; Strasburg, G. M.; Booren, A. M.; Gray, J. I. Novel Antioxidant Compounds from Tart Cherries (Prunus Cerasus). J. Nat. Prod. 1999, 62(1), 86–88. DOI: 10.1021/np980268s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, S.-Y.; Seeram, N. P.; Nair, M. G.; Bourquin, L. D. Tart Cherry Anthocyanins Inhibit Tumor Development in ApcMinmice and Reduce Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer Cells. Cancer Lett. 2003, 194(1), 13–19. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00583-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, M. Y.; Kim, S. H.; Yang, H. E.; Lee, S. H.; Jo, B. K.; Kim, H. P. Protection against Ultraviolet B-and C-induced DNA Damage and Skin Carcinogenesis by the Flowers of Prunus Persica Extract. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2001, 496(1), 47–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagasaki, K.; Miura, Y.; Okauchi, R.; Furuse, T. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Related Compounds on the Invasion of Hepatoma Cells in Culture. Cytotechnology. 2000, 33(1), 229–235. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008141918852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar