Microbial Spoilage of Fruits: A Review on Causes and Prevention Methods

References

• Heaton, J. C.; Jones, K. Microbial Contamination of Fruit and Vegetables and the Behaviour of Enteropathogens in the Phyllosphere : A Review. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2008, 104, 613–626. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03587.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavin, J. L.; Lloyd, B. Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables. Adv. Nutr. 2012, 3(4), 506–516. DOI: 10.3945/an.112.002154.506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilbaghi, N.; Sharma, S. Food Spoilage, Food Infections and Intoxications Caused by Microorganisms and Methods for Their Detection. In Food and Industrial Microbiology, 2007; pp 242.
   Google Scholar
• Qadri, O. S.; Yousuf, B.; Srivastava, A. K. Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables : Critical Factors Influencing Microbiology and Novel Approaches to Prevent Microbial Risks — A Review. Cogent Food Agric. 2015, 96(1), 1–11. DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2015.1121606.
   Google Scholar
• Rawat, S.;. Food Spoilage : Microorganisms and Their Prevention. Asian J. Plant Res. 2015, 5(4), 47–56.
   Google Scholar
• Thiyam, B.; Sharma, G. D. Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with Local Fruits of Barak Valley, Assam. Curr. World Environ. 2013, 8(2), 319–322. DOI: 10.12944/CWE.8.2.20.
   Google Scholar
• Doyle, M. E.; Microbial Food Spoilage — Losses and Control Strategies A Brief Review of the Literature; FRI Briefings: Madison, WI 53706, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdichon, F.; Rouzeau, K. Microbial Food Spoilage: A Major Concern for Food Business Operators. New Food, July 2012, 54. Canterbury, England
   Google Scholar
• Sahu, M.; Bala, S. Food Processing, Food Spoilage and Their Prevention: An Overview. Int. J. Life-Sciences Sci. Res. 2017, 3(1), 753–759. DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.1.1.
   Google Scholar
• Barth, M.; Hankinson, T. R.; Zhuang, H.; Breidt, F. Microbiological Spoilage of Fruits and Vegetables Margaret. In Compendium of the Microbiological Spoilage of Foods and Beverages; Sperber, W.H., Doyle, M.P., Eds.; Springer: New York, 2009; pp 135–183. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0826-1.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, V.; Garg, M.; Talukdar, D.; Thakur, P.; Henkel, M.; Sharma, D.; Kumar, G. Preservation of Microbial Spoilage of Food by Biosurfactant-Based Coating. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2018, 11(2), 1–4. DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s2.28592.
   Google Scholar
• Spadaro, D.; Droby, S. Development of Biocontrol Products for Postharvest Diseases of Fruit: The Importance of Elucidating the Mechanisms of Action of Yeast Antagonists. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2016, 47, 39–49. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamad, S. H.;. Factors Affecting the Growth of Microorganisms in Food. In Progress in Food Preservation; John Wiley & Sons: New Jersey, NJ, 2012; 406–426. DOI:10.1002/9781119962045.ch20.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, D. M.; Lloyd, B. Advanced Preservation Methods and Nutrient Retention in Fruits and Vegetables. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2011, 92(1), 7–22. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-cruz, M. L.; Mansilla, M. L.; Tadeo, J. L. Mycotoxins in Fruits and Their Processed Products : Analysis, Occurrence and Health Implications. J. Adv. Res. 2010, 1, 113–122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2010.03.002.
   Google Scholar
• Sardella, D.; Muscat, A.; Brincat, J.; Gatt, R.; Valdramidis, V.; Sardella, D.; Muscat, A.; Brincat, J.; Gatt, R.; Comprehensive, A. Review of the Pear Fungal Diseases. Int. J. Fruit Sci. 2016, 16(4), 351–377. DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2016.1178621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett, S. L.; Beuchat, L. R. Human Pathogens Associated with Raw Produce and Unpasteurized Juices, and Difficulties in Decontamination. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001, 27(2), 104–110. DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.7000199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed Mahroop Raja, M.; Raja, A.; Mohamed Hajee, S.; Sheik Mohamed, A. Screening of Bacterial Compost from Spoiled Vegetables and Fruits and Their Physiochemical Characterization. Int. Food Res. J. 2012, 19(3), 1193–1198.
   Google Scholar
• Saranraj, P.; Sivasakthivelan, P. Fermentation of Fruit Wine and Its Quality Analysis : A Review. Aust. J. Sci. Technol. 2017, 1(2).
   Google Scholar
• Beuchat, L. R. Pathogenic Microorganisms Associated with Fresh Produce. J. Food Prot. 1996, 59(2), 204–216. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-59.2.204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck, J. W.; Walcott, R. R.; Beuchat, L. R. Recent Trends in Microbiological Safety of Fruits and Vegetables. Plant Heal. Prog. 2003, 4(1), 25. DOI: 10.1094/php-2003-0121-01-rv.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, R. H.;. Health Benefits of Fruit and Vegetables are from Additive and Synergistic Combinations of Phytochemicals 1 – 4. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003, 78(3), 527S–520S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.517S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, B.;. Fundamental Food Microbiology, 3rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Brecht, J. K.;. Fruit Quality and Its Biological Basis. Q. Rev. Biol. 2002, 77(4), 460. DOI: 10.1086/374468.
   Google Scholar
• Barua, S.; Rahi, T.; Ullah, E.; Ghosh, D.; Ahmed, S. Delay in Fruit Ripening : A Promising Approach for Reduction of Spoilage and Use of Hazardous Chemicals in Bangladesh. Int. J. Agron. Agric. Res. 2015, 6(4), 163–173.
   Google Scholar
• Bukar, A. Isolation and Identification of Postharvest Spoilage Fungi Associated with Sweet Oranges Traded in Kano Metropolis. Bayero J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2009, 2(1), 122–124. DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v2i1.73454.
   Google Scholar
• Montville, T.; Matthews, K. Food Microbiology - An Introduction, 2nd ed.; ASM Press: Washington, DC, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Jay, J. M. Modern Food Microbiology, 6th ed.; Aspen Publishers: Gaithersburg, Maryland, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Food Technologists. Evaluation and Definition of Potentially Hazardous Foods; 2003; Vol. 2. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05778.x.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, B.; Baird-Parker, A. C.; Baird-Parker, T. C.; Gould, G. W.; Gould, G. W. Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food; Aspen Publishers, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler, K. A.; Hurdman, B. F.; Pitt, J. I. Influence of PH on the Growth of Some Toxigenic Species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1991, 12(1), 141–149. DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(91)90063-u.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banwart, G. J. Factors that Affect Microbial Growth in Food. in Basic Food Microbiology; Springer: Columbus, US, 2004; 1–31. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4684-6453-5.
   Google Scholar
• Gustavo, V.; Barbosa-Cánovas,; Fernández-Molina, J. J.; Alzamora, S. M.; Tapia, M. S.; López-Malo, A.; Chanes, J. W. Handling and Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables by Combined Methods for Rural Areas; FAO: Rome, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Sandulachi, E. I.; Tatarov, P. G. Water Activity Concept and Its Role in Strawberries Food. Chem. J. Mold. 2012, 7(2), 103–115. DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2012.07(2).07.
   Google Scholar
• Nychas, G. E.; Panagou, E. Microbiological Spoilage of Foods and Beverages. In Food and Beverage Stability and Shelf Life; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK, 2011; 3–28. DOI:10.1533/9780857092540.1.3.
   Google Scholar
• James, I. F.; Kuipers, B. Preservation of Fruit and Vegetables, 4th ed.; Agromisa/CTA: Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, A. K.;. Controlled Atmosphere Storage. In Fruit and Vegetable Storage; Springer: 2016; pp 21–36. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-23591-2
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J. A.; Treadwell, D.; Sargent, S. A.; Brecht, J. K. Postharvest Storage, Packaging and Handling of Specialty Crops : A Guide for Florida Small Farm; HS1270; Gainesville, FL 32611, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Udoh, I. P.; Eleazar, C. I.; Ogeneh, B. O.; Ohanu, M. E. Studies on Fungi Responsible for the Spoilage/Deterioration of Some Edible Fruits and Vegetables. Adv. Microbiol. 2015, 5, 285–290. DOI: 10.4236/aim.2015.54027.
   Google Scholar
• Sommer, N. E.; Fortlage, R. J.; Edwards, D. C. Postharvest Diseases of Selected Commodities. In Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops; University of California, 1993; pp 197–249.
   Google Scholar
• Vico, I.; Duduk, N.; Vasić, M.; Nikolić, M. Identification of Penicillium Expansum Causing Postharvest Blue Mold Decay of Apple Fruitcausing Postharvest Blue Mold Decay of Apple Fruit. Pestic. Phytomedicine. 2014, 29(4), 257–266. DOI: 10.2298/PIF1404257V.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, F.; Khan, T. U.; Khan, N. Fruit Processing Preservation and Development of Value Added Products (Squash, Jam, and Candy) to Control Wastages of Fruits in Gilgit-Baltistan. ARPN J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 2016, 11(7), 274–282.
   Google Scholar
• King, M. Spoilage and Preservation of Food. In Food Quality and Standards; EOLSS Publications, 2009; pp 41–58.
   Google Scholar
• Hammond, S. T.; Brown, J. H.; Burger, J. R.; Flanagan, T. P.; Fristoe, T. S.; Mercado-Silva, N.; Nekola, J. C.; Okie, J. G. Food Spoilage, Storage, and Transport: Implications for a Sustainable Future. Bioscience. 2015, 65(8), 758–768. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponce, P.; Carbonari, G. L. R.; Lugão, A. B. Active Packaging Using Ehylene Absorber to Extend Shelf-Life. International Nuclear Atlantic Conference, INAC: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, D.; Spadaro, D.; Garibaldi, A.; Gullino, M. L. Selection and Evaluation of New Antagonists for Their Efficacy against Postharvest Brown Rot of Peaches. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2010, 55(3), 174–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.09.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandarani, M.; Dasanayaka, D.; Jayasinghe, C. Strategies Used to Prolong the Shelf Life of Fresh Commodities. J. Agric. Sci. Food Res. 2018, 9(1), 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Yahaya, S. M.; Mardiyya, A. Y. Review of Post-Harvest Losses of Fruits and Vegetables. Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res. 2019, 13(4), 10192–10200. DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2019.13.002448.
   Google Scholar
• Droby, S. Improving Quality and Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables after Harvest by the Use of Biocontrol Agents and Natural Materials. Acta Hortic. 2006, 709, 45–51. DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2006.709.5.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. Basic Harvest and Post-Harvest Handling Considerations for Fresh Fruits and Vegetableshandling and Preservation; Rome, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Bachmann, J.; Earles, R. Postharvest Handling of Fruits and Vegetables; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, V.; Hedayetullah, M.; Zaman, P.; Meher, J. Postharvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables: An Overview. J. Post-Harvest Technol. 2014, 2(2), 124–135.
   Google Scholar
• Moneruzzaman, K. M.; Hossain, A. B. M. S.; Sani, W.; Saifuddin, M.; Alenazi, M. Effect of Harvesting and Storage Conditions on the Post Harvest Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill) Cv. Roma VF. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 2009, 3(2), 113–121.
   Google Scholar
• Arah, I. K.; Ahorbo, G. K.; Anku, E. K.; Kumah, E. K.; Amaglo, H. Postharvest Handling Practices and Treatment Methods for Tomato Handlers in Developing Countries: A Mini Review. Adv. Agric. 2016, 1–8. DOI: 10.1155/2016/6436945.
   Google Scholar
• Kusumaningrum, D.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, W. H.; Mo, C.; Cho, B. K. A. Review of Technologies to Prolong the Shelf Life of Fresh Tropical Fruits in Southeast Asia. J. Biosyst. Eng. 2015, 40(4), 345–358. DOI: 10.5307/jbe.2015.40.4.345.
   Google Scholar
• Shahi, N. C.; Lohani, U. C.; Chand, K.; Singh, A. Effect of Pre-Cooling Treatments on Shelf Life of Tomato in Ambient Condition. Int. J. Food. 2012, 2(3), 50–56.
   Google Scholar
• Wijewardane, R. M. N. A.Jpht Effect of Pre-Cooling Combined with Exogenous Oxalic Acid Application on Storage Quality of Mango (Mangifera Indica). 2014, 2(1), 45–53.
   Google Scholar
• Sowley, E. N. K.; Shaw, M. W.; Dewey, F. M. Persistent, Symptomless, Systemic, and Seed-Borne Infection of Lettuce by Botrytis Cinerea. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2010, 126(1), 61–71. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-009-9524-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Workneh, T. S.; Osthoff, G.; Steyn, M. Effects of Preharvest Treatment, Disinfections, Packaging and Storage Environment on Quality of Tomato. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2012, 49(6), 685–694. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0391-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra, A.; Jha, S. K.; Ojha, P. Study on Zero Energy Cool Chamber (ZECC) for Storage of Vegetables. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ. 2020, 10(1), p9767. DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.10.01.2020.p9767.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, R.; Chandra, S.; Singh, B. Zero Energy Cool Chamber for Food Commodities : Need of Eco-Friendly Storage Facility for Farmers : A Review. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2018, 7(5), 2293–2301.
   Google Scholar
• Dasmohapatra, R.; MC, N.; SK, S. Effect of Pedicel Retention and Zero Energy Cool Chamber on Storage Behaviour of Malta Fruits. Int. J. Agric. Sci. 2011, 3(2), 78–81. DOI: 10.9735/0975-3710.3.2.78-81.
   Google Scholar
• Liberty, J. T.; Okonkwo, W. I.; Echiegu, E. A. Evaporative Cooling: A Postharvest Technology for Fruits and Vegetables Preservation. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 2013, 4(8), 2257–2266.
   Google Scholar
• Feliziani, E.; Lichter, A.; Smilanick, J. L.; Ippolito, A. Disinfecting Agents for Controlling Fruit and Vegetable Diseases after Harvest. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2016, 122(2015), 53–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.04.016.
   Google Scholar
• Artés, F.; Gómez, P.; Aguayo, E.; Escalona, V.; Artés-Hernández, F. Sustainable Sanitation Techniques for Keeping Quality and Safety of Fresh-Cut Plant Commodities. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2009, 51(3), 287–296. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.10.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Corato, U. Improving the Shelf-Life and Quality of Fresh and Minimally-Processed Fruits and Vegetables for A Modern Food Industry: A Comprehensive Critical Review from the Traditional Technologies into the Most Promising Advancements. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2020, 60(6), 940–975. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1553025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, Y.; Jang, H.; Matthews, K. R. Effect of the Food Production Chain from Farm Practices to Vegetable Processing on Outbreak Incidence. Microb. Biotechnol. 2014, 7(6), 517–527. DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linares-Morales, J. R.; Gutiérrez-Méndez, N.; Rivera-Chavira, B. E.; Pérez-Vega, S. B.; Nevárez-Moorillón, G. V. Biocontrol Processes in Fruits and Fresh Produce, the Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Sustainable Option. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2018, 2(August). DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00050.
   Google Scholar
• Mahajan, P. V.; Caleb, O. J.; Singh, Z.; Watkins, C. B.; Geyer, M. Postharvest Treatments of Fresh Produce. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 2014, 372(2017). DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0309.
   Google Scholar
• Trinetta, V.; Morgan, M.; Linton, R. 2012. Chlorine Dioxide for Microbial Decontamination of Food. In Microbial Decontamination in the Food Industry: Novel Methods and Applications, Demirci, A., Ngadi, M.O., Eds., 533–562. Woodhead Publishing Limited: DOI:10.1533/9780857095756.3.533.
   Google Scholar
• Bhilwadikar, T.; Pounraj, S.; Manivannan, S.; Rastogi, N. K.; Negi, P. S. Decontamination of Microorganisms and Pesticides from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review from Common Household Processes to Modern Techniques. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 2019, 18(4), 1003–1038. DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos, B.; Miller, F. A.; Brandão, T. R. S.; Teixeira, P.; Silva, C. L. M. Fresh Fruits and Vegetables - an Overview on Applied Methodologies to Improve Its Quality and Safety. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2013, 20, 1–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prange, R. K. Pre-Harvest, Harvest and Post-Harvest Strategies for Organic Production of Fruits and Vegetables. Acta Hortic. 2012, 933(March), 43–50. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.933.3.
   Google Scholar
• Mansour, F. S.; Abd-El-Aziz, S. A.; Helal, G. A. Effect of Fruit Heat Treatment in Three Mango Varieties on Incidence of Postharvest Fungal Disease. J. Plant Pathol. 2016, 88(2), 141–148.
   Google Scholar
• Lurie, S.; Pedreschi, R. Fundamental Aspects of Postharvest Heat Treatments. Hortic. Res. 2014, 1(March), 1–7. DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del Rodriguez, S. C.; López, B.; Chaves, A. R. Effect of Different Treatments on the Evolution of Polyamines during Refrigerated Storage of Eggplants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49(10), 4700–4705. DOI: 10.1021/jf0001031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbudak, B.; Akbudak, N.; Seniz, V.; Eris, A. Sequential Treatments of Hot Water and Modified Atmosphere Packaging in Cherry Tomatoes. J. Food Qual. 2007, 30(6), 896–910. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00168.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cliff, M.; Lok, S.; Lu, C.; Toivonen, P. M. A. Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene on the Sensory, Visual, and Analytical Quality of Greenhouse Tomatoes. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2009, 53(1–2), 11–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins, C. B. Overview of 1-Methylcyclopropene Trials and Uses for Edible Horticultural Crops. HortScience. 2008, 43(1), 86–94. DOI: 10.21273/hortsci.43.1.86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dou, H.; Jones, S.; Ritenour, M. Influence of 1-MCP Application and Concentration on Post-Harvest Peel Disorders and Incidence of Decay in Citrus Fruit. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 2005, 80(6), 786–792. DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2005.11512015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Win, T. O.; Srilaong, V.; Heyes, J.; Kyu, K. L.; Kanlayanarat, S. Effects of Different Concentrations of 1-MCP on the Yellowing of West Indian Lime (Citrus Aurantifolia, Swingle) Fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2006, 42(1), 23–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.05.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhtar, A.; Abbasi, N. A.; Hussain, A. Effect of Calcium Chloride Treatments on Quality Characteristics of Loquat Fruit during Storage. Pakistan J. Bot. 2010, 42(1), 181–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idah, P. A.; Ajisegiri, E. S. A.; Yisa, M. G. Fruits and Vegetables Handling and Transportation in Nigeria. Aust. J. Technol. 2007, 10(3), 176–183.
   Google Scholar
• Opara, U. L.; Mditshwa, A. A. Review on the Role of Packaging in Securing Food System: Adding Value to Food Products and Reducing Losses and Waste. African J. Agric. Res. 2013, 8(22), 2621–2630. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2013.6931.
   Google Scholar
• Hurst, W. C. Harvest, Handling and Sanitation. In Commercial Tomato Production Handbook B 1312; CAES Publications, University of Georgia, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kitinoja, L. Causes and Sources of Postharvest Problems, 2008; pp 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, C. A.;. Review: Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Its Effects on the Microbiological Quality and Safety of Produce. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 1996, 31(6), 463–479. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.1996.00369.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Wild, H. P. J.; Otma, E. C.; Peppelenbos, H. W. Carbon Dioxide Action on Ethylene Biosynthesis of Preclimacteric and Climacteric Pear Fruit. J. Exp. Bot. 2003, 54(387), 1537–1544. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erg159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kader, A. A.; Watkins, C. B. Modified Atmosphere Packaging - toward 2000 and Beyond. Horttechnology. 2000, 10(3), 483–486. DOI: 10.21273/horttech.10.3.483.
   Google Scholar
• Cantwell, M. I.; Nie, X.; Hong, G. Impact of Storage Conditions on Grape Tomato Quality. The 6th ISHS Postharvest Symposium, International Society of Horticultural Sciences: Antalya, Turkey, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Linke, M.; Geyer, M. Condensation Dynamics in Plastic Film Packaging of Fruit and Vegetables. J. Food Eng. 2013, 116(1), 144–154. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.11.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyrwa, J.; Barska, A. Innovations in the Food Packaging Market: Active Packaging. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2017, 243(10), 1681–1692. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2878-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pant, A. F.; Thielmann, J. Active Packaging of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Fruit and Vegetables. In Innovative Packaging of Fruits and Vegetables; Siddiqui, M.W., Rahman, M.S., Wani, A.A., Eds.; Apple Academic Press: Waretown, New Jersey, USA, 2018; pp 49–80.
   Google Scholar
• Ščetar, M.; Kurek, M. Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Packaging – A Review. Hrvat. Casopis Za Prehrambenu Tehnol. Biotehnol. I Nutr. 2010, 5(3–4), 69–86.
   Google Scholar
• de Abreu, D. A. P.; Cruz, J. M.; Losada, P. P. Active and Intelligent Packaging for the Food Industry. Food Rev. Int. 2012, 28(2), 146–187. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2011.595022.
   Google Scholar
• Ozdemir, M.; Floros, J. D. Active Food Packaging Technologies. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2004, 44(3), 185–193. DOI: 10.1080/10408690490441578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas, M.; Pastor, C.; Albors, A.; Chiralt, A. Development of Edible Coatings for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Possibilities and Limitations. Fresh Prod. 2008, 2(2), 32–40.
   Google Scholar
• Maina, B.; Ambuko, J.; Hutchinson, M. J.; Owino, W. O. The Effect of Waxing Options on Shelf Life and Postharvest Quality of “Ngowe” Mango Fruits under Different Storage Conditions. Adv. Agric. 2019, 2019, 1–9. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5085636.
   Google Scholar
• Cerqueira, M. A.; Lima, Á. M.; Teixeira, J. A.; Moreira, R. A.; Vicente, A. A. Suitability of Novel Galactomannans as Edible Coatings for Tropical Fruits. J. Food Eng. 2009, 94(3–4), 372–378. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.04.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, H.; Li, X.; Dong, C.; Chen, W. Effects of Wax Treatment on Quality and Postharvest Physiology of Pineapple Fruit in Cold Storage. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2011, 10(39), 7592–7603. DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.2474.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad Shiekh, R.; Ahmad Malik, M.; Ahmed al-ThabaiTi, S.; Ahmad Shiekh, M. Chitosan as a Novel Edible Coating for Fresh Fruits. Food Sci. Technol. Res. 2013, 19(2), 139–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kore, V. T.; Tawade, S. S.; Kabir, J. Application of Edible Coatings on Fruits and Vegetables. Imp. J. Interdiscip. Res. 2017, 3(1), 363–390. DOI: 10.1201/9781315373713.
   Google Scholar
• Mohebbi, M.; Ansarifar, E.; Hasanpour, N.; Amiryousefi, M. R. Suitability of Aloe Vera and Gum Tragacanth as Edible Coatings for Extending the Shelf Life of Button Mushroom. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2012, 5(8), 3193–3202. DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0709-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemnezhad, M.; Zareh, S.; Rassa, M.; Sajedi, R. H. Effect of Chitosan Coating on Maintenance of Aril Quality, Microbial Population and PPO Activity of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L. Cv. Tarom) at Cold Storage Temperature. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2013, 93(2), 368–374. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares, N. F. F.; Silva, D. F. P.; Camilloto, G. P.; Oliveira, C. P.; Pinheiro, N. M.; Medeiros, E. A. A. Uso De Revestimento Comestível E Conservação Pos-Colheita De Goiaba. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 2011, 33(1), 281–289. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-29452011000500035.
   Google Scholar
• An, W. C.;. Overview of Postharvest Biology and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables. Technology. 2010, 2–11.
   Google Scholar
• Shori, A. B.;. Awareness and Knowledge about Food Spoilage and Principles of Food Preservation among Saudi Women in Jeddah. J. Food Microbiol., Saf. Hyg. 2017, 2(2), 2–5. DOI: 10.4172/2476-2059.1000120.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Y. S.; Kim, J. N.; Chung, D. S. The Effect of 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) Treatment Methods on the Ripening Process of Tomato Fruit during Postharvest Storage. J. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 2008, 49(3), 175–181.
   Google Scholar
• Beaudry, R.;. Effect of O2 and CO2 Partial Pressure on Selected Phenomena Affecting Fruit and Vegetable Quality. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 1999, 15, 293–303. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)01088-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, A. K. Controlled Atmosphere Technology. In Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Fruits and Vegetables; CABI: 2010; pp 26–42. DOI:10.1079/9781845936464.0000
   Google Scholar
• Abimbola, O. A. Post-Harvest Losses and Welfare of Tomato Farmers in Ogbomosho, Osun State, Nigeria. J. Stored Prod. Postharvest Res. 2014, 5(2), 8–13. DOI: 10.5897/jsppr2014.0160.
   Google Scholar
• Ganguly, S.; Mukhopadhayay, S. K.; Biswas, S. Preservation of Food Items by Irradiation Process. Int. J. Chem. Biochem. Sci. 2012, 1(2014), 11–13.
   Google Scholar
• Yousefi, M. R.; Razdari, A. M. Irradiation ’ and Its Potential to Food Preservation. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 2015, 3(1), 51–54.
   Google Scholar
• Farkas, J. Food Technologies: Food Irradiation. In Encyclopedia of Food Safety, 2014; pp 178–186.
   Google Scholar
• Suslow, T. V. Ozone Applications for Postharvest Disinfection of Edible Horticultural Crops. Ozone Appl. Postharvest Disinfect. Edible Hortic. Crop. 2004. DOI: 10.3733/ucanr.8133.
   Google Scholar
• Carletti, L.; Botondi, R.; Moscetti, R.; Stella, E.; Monarca, D.; Cecchini, M.; Massantini, R. Use of Ozone in Sanitation and Storage of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. J. Food, Agric. Environ. 2013, 11(3–4), 585–589.
   Google Scholar
• Hassenberg, K.; Huyskens-Keil, S.; Herppich, W. B. Impact of Postharvest UV-C and Ozone Treatments on Microbiological Properties of White Asparagus (Asparagus Officinalis L.). J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual. 2012, 85(2), 174–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, F. A.; Silva, C. L. M.; Brandão, T. R. S. A. Review on Ozone-Based Treatments for Fruit and Vegetables Preservation. Food Eng. Rev. 2013, 5(2), 77–106. DOI: 10.1007/s12393-013-9064-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J.; Luan, T.; Lan, C.; Hung, L. T. W.; Chan, G. Y. S. Removal of Residual Pesticides on Vegetable Using Ozonated Water. Food Control. 2007, 18(5), 466–472. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.12.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmona-Hernandez, S.; Reyes-Pérez, J. J.; Chiquito-Contreras, R. G.; Rincon-Enriquez, G.; Cerdan-Cabrera, C. R.; Hernandez-Montiel, L. G. Biocontrol of Postharvest Fruit Fungal Diseases by Bacterial Antagonists: A Review. Agronomy. 2019, 9(3). DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9030121.
   Google Scholar
• Taghavi, T.; Kim, C.; Rahemi, A. Role of Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils in Extending Shelf Life and Controlling Postharvest Microorganisms of Small Fruits. Microorganisms. 2018, 6(4), 104. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6040104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J.; Sui, Y.; Wisniewski, M.; Droby, S.; Liu, Y. Review: Utilization of Antagonistic Yeasts to Manage Postharvest Fungal Diseases of Fruit. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2013, 167(2), 153–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoodi, K. Z.; Mir, S.; Wani, S. H.; Shah, F.; Balkhi, M. B.; Zargar, S. M. Genetic Modification in Fruits and Vegetables for Improved Nutritional Quality and Extended Shelf Life; Elsevier Inc., 2018. DOi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809807-3.00013-5.
   Google Scholar
• Arroyo, F. T.; Moreno, J.; Daza, P.; Boianova, L.; Romero, F. Antifungal Activity of Strawberry Fruit Volatile Compounds against Colletotrichum Acutatum. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55(14), 5701–5707. DOI: 10.1021/jf0703957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heydari, R.; Bavandi, S.; Javadian, S. R. Effect of Sodium Alginate Coating Enriched with Horsemint (Mentha Longifolia) Essential Oil on the Quality of Bighead Carp Fillets during Storage at 4°C. Food Sci. Nutr. 2015, 3(3), 188–194. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Gonzalez, L.; Pastor, C.; Vargas, M.; Chiralt, A.; Gonzalez-Martinez, C.; Chafer, M. Effect of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Chitosan Coatings with and without Bergamot Essential Oil on Quality and Safety of Cold-Stored Grapes. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2011, 60(1), 57–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, X.; Narciso, J.; Wang, Z.; Ference, C.; Bai, J.; Zhou, K. Effects of Chitosan-Essential Oil Coatings on Safety and Quality of Fresh Blueberries. J. Food Sci. 2014, 79, 5. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dukare, A. S.; Paul, S.; Nambi, V. E.; Gupta, R. K.; Singh, R.; Sharma, K.; Vishwakarma, R. K. Exploitation of Microbial Antagonists for the Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits: A Review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2019, 59(9), 1498–1513. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1417235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heydari, A.; Pessarakli, M. A. Review on Biological Control of Fungal Plant Pathogens Using Microbial Antagonists. J. Biol. Sci. 2010, 273–290.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, R. R.; Singh, D.; Singh, R. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables by Microbial Antagonists: A Review. Biol. Control. 2009, 50(3), 205–221. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Francesco, A.; Martini, C.; Mari, M. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases by Microbial Antagonists: How Many Mechanisms of Action? Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2016, 145(4), 711–717. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-016-0867-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, J. H.; Harris, R. F.; Spear, R. N.; Lau, G. W.; Nordheim, E. V. Morphogenesis and Adhesion of Aureobasidium Pullulans. Can. J. Microbiol. 1994, 40(1), 6–17. DOI: 10.1139/m94-002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobiczewski, P.; Bryk, H.; Berczyński, S. Evaluation of Epiphytic Bacteria Isolated from Apple Leaves in the Control of Postharvest Apple Diseases. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 1996, 1(4), 35–45.
   Google Scholar
• Vero, S.; Garmendia, G.; Garat, M. F.; De Aurrecoechea, I.; Wisniewski, M. Cystofilobasidium Infirmominiatum as a Biocontrol Agent of Postharvest Diseases on Apples and Citrus. Acta Hortic. 2011, 905, 169–180. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.905.18.
   Google Scholar
• Janisiewicz, W. J.; Jurick, W. M.; Vico, I.; Peter, K. A.; Buyer, J. S. Culturable Bacteria from Plum Fruit Surfaces and Their Potential for Controlling Brown Rot after Harvest. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2013, 76, 145–151. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janisiewicz, W. J.; Korsten, L. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2002, 40(1), 411–441. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.120401.130158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ippolito, A.; Nigro, F. Impact of Preharvest Application of Biological Control Agents on Postharvest Diseases of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Crop Prot. 2000, 19(8–10), 715–723. DOI: 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00095-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes, C. A.;. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruit. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2012, 133(1), 181–196. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-011-9919-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bapat, V. A.; Trivedi, P. K.; Ghosh, A.; Sane, V. A.; Ganapathi, T. R.; Nath, P. Ripening of Fleshy Fruit: Molecular Insight and the Role of Ethylene. Biotechnol. Adv. 2010, 28(1), 94–107. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.10.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dias, J. S.; Ortiz, R. Transgenic Vegetables for Southeast Asia. Proc. SEAVEG 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 24-26 January 2012. High value Veg. Southeast Asia Prod. supply demand 2013, January, 361–369.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, J. K. C.; Saladié, M.; Catalá, C. The Plot Thickens: New Perspectives of Primary Cell Wall Modification. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2004, 7(3), 296–301. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2004.03.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain, M. R.; Anandharaj, M.; Ray, R. C.; Rani, R. P. Fermented Fruits and Vegetables of Asia : A Potential Source of Probiotics. Biotechnol. Res. Int. 2014. DOI: 10.1155/2014/250424.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Battcock, M.; Azam-Ali, S. Fermented Fruits and Vegetables: A Global Perspective; Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Chavan, U. D. Osmotic Dehydration Process for Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables. J. Food Res. 2012, 1(2), 202–209. DOI: 10.5539/jfr.v1n2p202.
   Google Scholar
• Amit, S. K.; Uddin, M. M.; Rahman, R.; Islam, S. M. R.; Khan, M. S. A. Review on Mechanisms and Commercial Aspects of Food Preservation and Processing. Agric. Food Secur. 2017, 6(1), 1–22. DOI: 10.1186/s40066-017-0130-8.
   Google Scholar