Role of Genetic and Dietary Implications in the Pathogenesis of Global Obesity

References

• Obesity and overweight [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
   Google Scholar
• Chooi, Y. C.; Ding, C.; Magkos, F. The Epidemiology of Obesity. Metabolism. Mar 2019, 92(92), 6–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swinburn, B. A.; Sacks, G.; Hall, K. D.; McPherson, K.; Finegood, D. T.; Moodie, M. L.; Gortmaker, S. L. The Global Obesity Pandemic: Shaped by Global Drivers and Local Environments. Lancet. 2011Aug27, 378(9793), 804–814. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60813-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinteza, E. E.; Cinteza, M. Biomarkers in Obesity. Rev Romana Med Lab 2018, 26(3), 353–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava, A.; Srivastava, N.; Mittal, B. Genetics of Obesity. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 2016, 31(4), 361–371. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0541-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elagizi, A.; Kachur, S.; Lavie, C. J.; Carbone, S.; Pandey, A.; Ortega, F. B.; Milani, R. V. An Overview and Update on Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Diseases. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2018, 61(2), 142–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glueck, C. J.; Goldenberg, N. Characteristics of Obesity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiology, Treatment, and Genetics. Metabolism. 2019, 92, 108–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrero, J. A.; Obesity and Liver Disease: The New Era of Liver Transplantation. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 2019, 70(2), 459–461. DOI: 10.1002/hep.30854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heymsfield, S. B.; Wadden, T. A.; Longo, D. L. Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017, 376(3), 254–266. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1514009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Muniesa, P.; M-A, M.-G.; Hu, F. B.; J-P, D.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Loos, R. J. F. Obesity. Nat Rev Dis Primer, 2017, Jun 15 31, 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Y.; Peng, Q.; Yang, Y.; Zheng, S.; Wang, Y.; Lu, W. The Prevalence and Increasing Trends of Overweight, General Obesity, and Abdominal Obesity among Chinese Adults: A Repeated Cross-sectional Study. BMC Public Health. Oct 15, 2019, 19(1), 1293. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7633-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhar, S.; Timæus, I. M.; Jones, R.; Cunningham, S.; Patel, S. A.; Kinra, S.; Clarke, L.; Houben, R. Forecasting the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in India to 2040. Plos One. 2020Feb24, 15(2), e0229438. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S.; Dulai, P. S.; Zarrinpar, A.; Ramamoorthy, S.; Sandborn, W. J. Obesity in IBD: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Disease Course and Treatment Outcomes. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Feb 2017, 14(2), 110–121. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthoud, H.-R.; Münzberg, H.; Morrison, C. D. Blaming the Brain for Obesity: Integration of Hedonic and Homeostatic Mechanisms. Gastroenterology. May 1, 2017, 152(7), 1728–1738. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidell, J. C.; Halberstadt, J. The Global Burden of Obesity and the Challenges of Prevention. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2015, 66(Suppl. 2), 7–12. DOI: 10.1159/000375143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikolaou, C. K.; Robinson, T. N.; Sim, K. A.; Lean, M. E. J. Turning the Tables on Obesity: Young People, IT and Social Movements. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. Feb 2020, 16(2), 117–122. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0288-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hruby, A.; Hu, F. B. The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture. PharmacoEconomics. Jul 1, 2015, 33(7), 673–689. DOI: 10.1007/s40273-014-0243-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbobo, G.; Rath, S.; Bosman, S. J.; Srinivas, S. Addressing Childhood Overweight and Obesity: A Focus on India and South Africa. Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice. Jun 1, 2016, 9(2), 95–101. DOI: 10.5530/ijopp.9.2.6.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert-Diamond, D.; Emond, J. A.; Lansigan, R. K.; Rapuano, K. M.; Kelley, W. M.; Heatherton, T. F.; Sargent, J. D. Television Food Advertisement Exposure and FTO Rs9939609 Genotype in Relation to Excess Consumption in Children. International Journal of Obesity 2017 Jan, 41(1), 23–29. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezzati, M.; Riboli, R. E. Behavioral and Dietary Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases. New England Journal of Medicine. Sep 5, 2013, 369(10), 954–964. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1203528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, S. E.; Huggins, G. S.; McCaffery, J. M.; Lichtenstein, A. H. Comparison among Criteria to Define Successful Weight-loss Maintainers and Regainers in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) and Diabetes Prevention Program Trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Dec 1, 2017, 106(6), 1337–1346. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.157446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samdal, G. B.; Eide, G. E.; Barth, T.; Williams, G.; Meland, E. Effective Behaviour Change Techniques for Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in Overweight and Obese Adults; Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analyses. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Mar 28, 2017, 14(1), 42. DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0494-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• On behalf of the IARC working group on Energy Balance and Obesity, Romieu, I.; Dossus, L.; Barquera, S.; Blottière, H. M.; Franks, P. W.; Gunter, M.; Hwalla, N.; Hursting, S. D.; Leitzmann, M.; Margetts, B.;; et al. Energy Balance and Obesity: What are the Main Drivers? Cancer Causes & Control. 2017, Mar. 283, 247–258. DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0869-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rand, K.; Vallis, M.; Aston, M.; Price, S.; Piccinini-Vallis, H.; Rehman, L.; Kirk, S. F. L. “It Is Not the Diet; It Is the Mental Part We Need Help With.” A Multilevel Analysis of Psychological, Emotional, and Social Well-being in Obesity. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. 2017Jan1, 12(1), 1306421. DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1306421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fardet, A.; Rock, E.; Bassama, J.; Bohuon, P.; Prabhasankar, P.; Monteiro, C.; Moubarac, J.-C.; Achir, N. Current Food Classifications in Epidemiological Studies Do Not Enable Solid Nutritional Recommendations for Preventing Diet-related Chronic Diseases: The Impact of Food Processing. Advances in Nutrition. 2015, 6(6), 629–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer, S. J.; Korosi, A.; Layé, S.; Shukitt-Hale, B.; Barrientos, R. M. Food for Thought: How Nutrition Impacts Cognition and Emotion. Npj Science of Food. Dec 6, 2017, 1(1), 7. DOI: 10.1038/s41538-017-0008-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pursey, K. M.; Davis, C.; Burrows, T. L. Nutritional Aspects of Food Addiction. Current Addiction Reports. Jun 1, 2017, 4(2), 142–150. DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0139-x.
   Google Scholar
• De Toro-Martín, J.; Arsenault, B. J.; Després, J.-P.; Vohl, M.-C. Precision Nutrition: A Review of Personalized Nutritional Approaches for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. Aug 2017, 9(8), 913. DOI: 10.3390/nu9080913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sisnowski, J.; Street, J. M.; Merlin, T.; Fürnsinn, C. Improving Food Environments and Tackling Obesity: A Realist Systematic Review of the Policy Success of Regulatory Interventions Targeting Population Nutrition. Plos One. Aug 4, 2017, 12(8), e0182581. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonovic, M.; Ostojic, S.; Micic, D.; Pesakovic, M.; Pejin, P. B. Low-Energy Strawberry Fruits of Joly Cultivar, the First Step Towards a Novel, Food-Based Solution for the Obese Population. Applied Sciences. Nov 27, 2019, 9(23), 5140. DOI: 10.3390/app9235140.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, N. D.; Patel, S. A.; Narayan, K. M. V. Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges. Annual Review of Public Health. 2017, 38(1), 145–164. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044604.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newton, S.; Braithwaite, D.; Akinyemiju, T. F.; Xiao, G. Socio-economic Status over the Life Course and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Plos One. May 16, 2017, 12(5), e0177151. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masood, M.; Reidpath, D. D.; Eriksson, K. Effect of National Wealth on BMI: An Analysis of 206,266 Individuals in 70 Low-, Middle- and High-income Countries. Plos One. Jun 29, 2017, 12(6), e0178928. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fradkin, C.; Wallander, J. L.; Elliott, M. N.; Tortolero, S.; Cuccaro, P.; Schuster, M. A. Associations between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in Diverse, Young Adolescents: Variation across Race/ethnicity and Gender. Health Psychology. 2015, 34(1), 1. DOI: 10.1037/hea0000099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, A.; Frazão, E. Food Costs, Diet Quality and Energy Balance in the United States. Physiology & Behavior. Jul, 2014, 134, 20–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templin, T.; Hashiguchi, T. C. O.; Thomson, B.; Dieleman, J.; Bendavid, E.; Popkin, B. M. The Overweight and Obesity Transition from the Wealthy to the Poor in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A survey of Household Data from 103 Countries. PLOS Medicine. Nov 27, 2019, 16(11), e1002968. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goryakin, Y.; Monsivais, P.; Suhrcke, M. Soft Drink Prices, Sales, Body Mass Index and Diabetes: Evidence from a Panel of Low-, Middle- and High-income Countries. Food Policy Dec 1, 2017, 73, 88–94. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pem, D.; Jeewon, R. Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Benefits and Progress of Nutrition Education Interventions- Narrative Review Article. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2015, 44(10), 1309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garaulet, M.; Gómez-Abellán, P. Timing of Food Intake and Obesity: A Novel Association. Physiology & Behavior. 2014, 134, 44–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garaulet, M.; Gómez-Abellán, P.; Alburquerque-Béjar, J. J.; Lee, Y.-C.; Ordovás, J. M.; Scheer, F. A. Timing of Food Intake Predicts Weight Loss Effectiveness. International Journal of Obesity. 2013, 37(4), 604–611. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales-Falo, E. M.; Sanchez-Moreno, C.; Esteban, A.; Alburquerque, J. J.; Garaulet, M. [Quality of the Diet “Before and During” a Weight Loss Treatment Based on Mediterranean Diet; Behavioural Therapy and Nutritional Education]. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 2013, 28(4), 980–987. DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.4.6665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, H.; López, M.; Rahmouni, K. The Cellular and Molecular Bases of Leptin and Ghrelin Resistance in Obesity. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2017, 13(6), 338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y.; Ren, J. Leptin and Obesity. In Obesity; Springer, cham, 2016; pp 45–58.
   Google Scholar
• Izquierdo, A. G.; Crujeiras, A. B.; Casanueva, F. F.; Carreira, M. C. Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance: Where are We 25 Years Later? Nutrients. 2019, 11(11), 2704. DOI: 10.3390/nu11112704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato, T.; Ida, T.; Nakamura, Y.; Shiimura, Y.; Kangawa, K.; Kojima, M. Physiological Roles of Ghrelin on Obesity. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2014, 8(5), e405–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.10.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pironi, L.; Stanghellini, V.; Miglioli, M.; Corinaldesi, R.; De Giorgio, R.; Ruggeri, E.; Tosetti, C.; Poggioli, G.; Morselli^Labate, A. M.; Monetti, N.;; et al. Fat-Induced Heal Brake in Humans: A Dose-dependent Phenomenon Correlated to the Plasma Levels of Peptide YY. Gastroenterology. 1993, 105(3), 733–739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dockray, G. J.;. Gastrointestinal Hormones and the Dialogue between Gut and Brain. The Journal of Physiology. 2014, 592(14), 2927–2941. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.270850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pocai, A.;. Action and Therapeutic Potential of Oxyntomodulin. Molecular Metabolism. Dec 14, 2014, 3(3), 241–251. DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.12.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sezer, H.;. Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Lipotoxicity. In Obesity and Lipotoxicity; Springer, cham, 2017; pp 277–304.
   Google Scholar
• MOHAMED, T.; AMIRA, M. J.; WAFAA, I. R.; ABD-ELREHEEM, M. The Association between Resistin, Leptin and Adiponectin with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The Medical Journal of Cairo University. December 2019, 87(12), 4227–4237. DOI: 10.21608/mjcu.2019.77411.
   Google Scholar
• D’Agostino, G.; Lyons, D. J.; Cristiano, C.; Burke, L. K.; Madara, J. C.; Campbell, J. N.; Garcia, A. P.; Land, B. B.; Lowell, B. B.; Dileone, R. J.;; et al. Appetite Controlled by a Cholecystokinin Nucleus of the Solitary Tract to Hypothalamus Neurocircuit. Elife. 2016, 5, e12225. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.12225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarwal, D.; Bordoni, B. Physiology, Enteroglucagon. In StatPearls [Internet]; StatPearls Publishing, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ota, E.;. Acylation Stimulating Protein. In Handbook of Hormones; Elsevier, Academic Press, 2016; pp 310–e34C.
   Google Scholar
• Caparrós, E. P.; Gómez, F. I.; Ortega, M. G.; Soler, I. O.; Paredes, M. P.; Lozano Almela, M. L.; Arjonilla Sampedro, ,. E.; Alcaráz Tafalla, M. Resistin in Morbidly Obese Patients before and after Gastric Bypass Surgery. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 2017, 34(5), 1333–1337.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunican, K. C.; Adams, N. M.; Desilets, A. R. The Role of Pramlintide for Weight Loss. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2010, 44(3), 538–545. DOI: 10.1345/aph.1M210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culnan, D. M.; Cooney, R. N.; Stanley, B.; Lynch, C. J. Apolipoprotein A-IV, a Putative Satiety/Antiatherogenic Factor, Rises after Gastric Bypass. Obesity. 2009, 17(1), 46–52. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, J.; Noakes, M.; Clifton, P. M. Appetite Regulatory Hormone Responses to Various Dietary Proteins Differ by Body Mass Index Status despite Similar Reductions in Ad Libitum Energy Intake. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006, 91(8), 2913–2919. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-0609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs, E. M. R.; Lejeune, M. P. G. M.; Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. The Effects of Enterostatin Intake on Food Intake and Energy Expenditure. British Journal of Nutrition. 2003, 90(1), 207–214. DOI: 10.1079/BJN2003871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shyangdan, D. S.; Royle, P.; Clar, C.; Sharma, P.; Waugh, N.; Snaith, A. 2011. Glucagon‐like Peptide Analogues for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10.
   Google Scholar
• Dolan, L. C.; Potter, S. M.; Burdock, G. A. Evidence-based Review on the Effect of Normal Dietary Consumption of Fructose on Blood Lipids and Body Weight of Overweight and Obese Individuals. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2010, 50(10), 889–918. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.512990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kissileff, H. R.; Thornton, J. C.; Torres, M. I.; Pavlovich, K.; Mayer, L. S.; Kalari, V.; Leibel, R. L.; Rosenbaum, M. Leptin Reverses Declines in Satiation in Weight-reduced Obese Humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012, 95(2), 309–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, C.; Kulseng, B.; Rehfeld, J. F.; King, N. A.; Blundell, J. E. Effect of Chronic Exercise on Appetite Control in Overweight and Obese Individuals. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2013, 45(5), 805–812. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827d1618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloth, B.; Due, A.; Larsen, T. M.; Holst, J. J.; Heding, A.; Astrup, A. The Effect of a high-MUFA, Low-glycaemic Index Diet and a Low-fat Diet on Appetite and Glucose Metabolism during a 6-month Weight Maintenance Period. British Journal of Nutrition. 2008, 101(12), 1846–1858. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114508137710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloth, B.; Davidsen, L.; Holst, J. J.; Flint, A.; Astrup, A. Effect of Subcutaneous Injections of PYY 1-36 and PYY 3-36 on Appetite, Ad Libitum Energy Intake, and Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentration in Obese Males. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2007, 293(2), E604–9. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00153.2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björntorp, P.;. Thrifty Genes and Human Obesity are We Chasing Ghosts? Lancet. 2001, 358(9286), 1006–1008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adult-Onset, N. Y.; Diseases in Low Birth Weight Infants: Association with Adipose Tissue Maldevelopment. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2019;RV17039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stunkard, A. J.; Harris, J. R.; Pedersen, N. L.; McClearn, G. E. The Body-mass Index of Twins Who Have Been Reared Apart. New England Journal of Medicine. 1990, 322(21), 1483–1487. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199005243222102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur, Y.; De Souza, R.; Gibson, W.; Meyre, D. A Systematic Review of Genetic Syndromes with Obesity. Obes. Rev. 2017, 18(6), 603–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikaris, K. A.;. The Clinical Biochemistry of Obesity. The Clinical Biochemist. Reviews. 2004, 25(3), 165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zangeneh, F. Z.; Shoushtari, M. S.; Shojaee, S.; Aboutorabi, E. Investigation Trp64Arg Polymorphism of the Beta 3-adrenergic Receptor Gene in Nonobese Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine. 2020, 18(3), 165. DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v18i3.6712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achari, A. E.; Jain, S. K. Adiponectin, a Therapeutic Target for Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelial Dysfunction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(6), 1321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crovesy, L.; Rosado, E. L. Interaction between Genes Involved in Energy Intake Regulation and Diet in Obesity. Nutrition. 2019, 67-68, 110547. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.06.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunga, R. A.;. Psychological Perspectives In Obesity. 2018 Jan 27 [ cited 2020 Jul 31]; Available from: https://zenodo.org/record/1161392
   Google Scholar
• Sagar, R.; Gupta, T. Psychological Aspects of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. Jul 2018, 85(7), 554–559. DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2539-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koski, M.; Naukkarinen, H. The Relationship between Stress and Severe Obesity: A Case-Control Study. Biomedicine Hub. 2017, 2(1), 1–13. DOI: 10.1159/000458771.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forbush, K. T.; Hunt, T. K. Characterization of Eating Patterns among Individuals with Eating Disorders: What Is the State of the Plate? Physiology & Behavior. Jul, 2014, 134, 92–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye, L.; Boyle, N. B.; Champ, C.; Lawton, C. The Relationship between Obesity and Cognitive Health and Decline. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Nov 2017, 76(4), 443–454. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665117002014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solas, M.; Milagro, F. I.; Ramírez, M. J.; Martínez, J. A. Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis Link Obesity to Cognitive Dysfunction: Plausible Pharmacological Interventions. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. Dec 1, 2017, 37, 87–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.10.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castelnuovo, G.; Pietrabissa, G.; Manzoni, G. M.; Cattivelli, R.; Rossi, A.; Novelli, M.; Varallo, G.; Molinari, E. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Aid Weight Loss in Obese Patients: Current Perspectives. <![cdata[psychology Research and Behavior Management]]>. 2017, Volume 10, 165–173. DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S113278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira, P. J.; Marques, M. M. Health Behavior Change for Obesity Management. Obesity Facts. 2017, 10(6), 666–673. DOI: 10.1159/000484933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L.; Zhang, S.; Huang, Y.; Chen, K. Sleep Duration and Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2017, 53(4), 378–385. DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Vecino, B.; Arija-Blázquez, A.; Pedrero-Chamizo, R.; Gómez-Cabello, A.; Alegre, L.; Pérez-López, F.; González-Gross, M.; Casajús, J. A.; Ara, I. Sleep Disturbance, Obesity, Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Older Women: EXERNET Study Group. Climacteric. 2017, 20(1), 72–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Hayek, S.; Bitar, L.; Hamdar, L. H.; Mirza, F. G.; Daoud, G. Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Updated Overview. Frontiers in Physiology. 2016, 7, 124. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, X.; Xie, Y.; Liu, Y.; Long, S.; Mo, Z. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Correlation between Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance and Obesity. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2020, 502, 214–221. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maqbool, M.; Dar, M. A.; Gani, I.; Geer, M. I. Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019, 9(1–s), 433–436. DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2275.
   Google Scholar
• Ades, P. A.; Savage, P. D. Obesity in Coronary Heart Disease: An Unaddressed Behavioral Risk Factor. Preventive Medicine. 2017, 104, 117–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katta, N.; Loethen, T.; Lavie, C. J.; Alpert, M. A. Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease: Epidemiology, Pathology, and Coronary Artery Imaging. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2020, 100655. doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leggio, M.; Lombardi, M.; Caldarone, E.; Severi, P.; D’emidio, S.; Armeni, M. The Relationship between Obesity and Hypertension: An Updated Comprehensive Overview on Vicious Twins. Hypertens. Res. 2017, 40(12), 947–963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seravalle, G.; Grassi, G. Obesity and Hypertension. Pharmacological Research. 2017, 122, 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, S.; Lu, W.; Zong, X.; Ruan, H.; Liu, Y. Obesity and Hypertension. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2016, 12(4), 2395–2399. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schütten, M. T. J.; Houben, A. J. H. M.; de Leeuw, P. W.; Stehouwer, C. D. A. The Link between Adipose Tissue Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Signaling and Obesity-associated Hypertension. Physiology. 2017, 32(3), 197–209. DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roush, G. C.; Obesity‐Induced Hypertension: Heavy on the Accelerator. 2019
   Google Scholar
• Polyzos, S. A.; Kountouras, J.; Mantzoros, C. S. Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutics. Metabolism. 2019, 92, 82–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell, G. C.; Haczeyni, F.; Chitturi, S. Pathogenesis of NASH: How Metabolic Complications of Overnutrition Favour Lipotoxicity and Pro-inflammatory Fatty Liver Disease. In Obesity, Fatty Liver and Liver Cancer; Springer, Singapore, 2018; pp 19–44.
   Google Scholar
• Polyzos, S. A.; Kountouras, J.; Mantzoros, C. S. Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Minerva endocrinologica. 2017, 42(2), 92–108. DOI: 10.23736/S0391-1977.16.02563-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontenelle, L.; Feitosa, M.; Severo, J.; Freitas, T.; Morais, J.; Torres-Leal, F.; Henriques, G.; Do Nascimento Marreiro, D. Thyroid Function in Human Obesity: Underlying Mechanisms. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 2016, 48(12), 787–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Z.; Huang, L.; Waters, M. J.; Chen, C. C. Insulin and Growth Hormone Balance: Implications for Obesity. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2020, 31(9), 642–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.04.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urwyler, S. A.; Schuetz, P.; Ebrahimi, F.; Donath, M. Y.; Christ-Crain, M. Interleukin-1 Antagonism Decreases Cortisol Levels in Obese Individuals. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2017, 102(5), 1712–1718. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrageta, D. F.; Oliveira, P. F.; Alves, M. G.; Monteiro, M. P. Obesity and Male Hypogonadism: Tales of a Vicious Cycle. Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2019, 20(8), 1148–1158. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonchaya-anant, P.; Laichuthai, N.; Suwannasrisuk, P.; Houngngam, N.; Udomsawaengsup, S.; Snabboon, T. Changes in Testosterone Levels and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin Levels in Extremely Obese Men after Bariatric Surgery. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2016, 2016, 1–5. 2016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1416503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savastano, S.; Barrea, L.; Savanelli, M. C.; Nappi, F.; Di Somma, C.; Orio, F.; Colao, A. Low Vitamin D Status and Obesity: Role of Nutritionist. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2017, 18(2), 215–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callahan, E. A.; Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop. 2019
   Google Scholar
• Grebitus, C.; Hartmann, M.; Reynolds, N. Global Obesity Study on Drivers for Weight Reduction Strategies. Obesity Facts. 2015, 8(1), 77–86. DOI: 10.1159/000373905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakar, U.; Grozdanic, N.; Petrovic, A.; Pejin, B.; Nastasijevic, B.; Markovic, B.; Dordevic, B. Fruit Wines Inhibitory Activity against α-Glucosidase. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 2018May2, 18(15), 1264–1272. DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666180410112439
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Čakar, U.; Grozdanić, N.; Pejin, B.; Vasić, V.; Čakar, M.; Petrović, A.; Djordjević, B. Impact of Vinification Procedure on Fruit Wine Inhibitory Activity against α-glucosidase. Food Biosci. 2018 Oct 1, 25, 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.06.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayward, L.; Vartanian, L.; Pinkus, R. Coping with Weight Stigma: Development and Validation of a Brief Coping Responses Inventory. Obesity Science & Practice. 2017, 3(4), 373–383. DOI: 10.1002/osp4.125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, M. D.; Ryan, D. H.; Apovian, C. M.; Ard, J. D.; Comuzzie, A. G.; Donato, K. A.; Hu, F. B.; Hubbard, V. S.; Jakicic, J. M.; Kushner, R. F.;; et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Obesity Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014, 63(25), 2985–3023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez, J. A.; Navas-Carretero, S.; Saris, W. H. M.; Astrup, A. Personalized Weight Loss Strategies—the Role of Macronutrient Distribution. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2014, 10(12), 749. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soltani, S.; Shirani, F.; Chitsazi, M. J.; Salehi-Abargouei, A. The Effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet on Weight and Body Composition in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Obesity Reviews. 2016, 17(5), 442–454. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulet, M. A.; Bondia-Pons, I.; Abete, I.; Iglesia, R.; Lopez-Legarrea, P.; Forga, L. The Reduction of the Metabolic Syndrome in Navarra-Spain (RESMENA-S) Study; a Multidisciplinary Strategy Based on Chrononutrition and Nutritional Education, Together with Dietetic and Psychological Control. 2011
   Google Scholar
• Steinbeck, K. S.; Lister, N. B.; Gow, M. L.; Baur, L. A. Treatment of Adolescent Obesity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2018, 14(6), 331–344. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0002-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead, E.; Atkinson, G.; Richter, B.; Metzendorf, M.; Baur, L.; Finer, N. Drug Interventions for the Treatment of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016, 11.
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, J. B.;. Advances in Managing Obesity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2016, 12(2), 65–66. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal, J.; Corcelles, R.; Jiménez, A.; Flores, L.; Lacy, A. M. Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery for Obesity. Gastroenterology. 2017, 152(7), 1780–1790. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, J. B.; Straznicky, N. E.; Lambert, E. A.; Schlaich, M. P.; Lambert, G. W. Surgical Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2011, 8(8), 429–437. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2011.112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B. R.; Schauer, P.; Nguyen, N. T. Surgical Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: Bariatric Surgery. Medical Clinics of North America. 2011, 95(5), 1009–1030. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2011.06.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Styne, D. M.; Arslanian, S. A.; Connor, E. L.; Farooqi, I. S.; Murad, M. H.; Silverstein, J. H. Pediatric Obesity—assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2017, 102(3), 709–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, S.-H.; Stoll, C. R. T.; Song, J.; Varela, J. E.; Eagon, C. J.; Colditz, G. A. The Effectiveness and Risks of Bariatric Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, 2003-2012. JAMA Surgery. 2014, 149(3), 275–287. DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naik, R. D.; Choksi, Y. A.; Vaezi, M. F. Consequences of Bariatric Surgery on Oesophageal Function in Health and Disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2016, 13(2), 111. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blüher, M.;. Obesity: Global Epidemiology and Pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. May 2019, 15(5), 288–298. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0176-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abarca-Gómez, L.; Abdeen, Z. A.; Hamid, Z. A.; Abu-Rmeileh, N. M.; Acosta-Cazares, B.; Acuin, C. Worldwide Trends in Body-mass Index, Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity from 1975 to 2016: A Pooled Analysis of 2416 Population-based Measurement Studies in 128· 9 Million Children, Adolescents, and Adults. Lancet. 2017, 390(10113), 2627–2642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar