Integrated pest management: Ready for export?

References

• Adkisson , P. L. 1973 . “ The principles, strategies, and tactics of pest control in cotton ” . In Insects: Studies in Population Management , Edited by: Geier , P. W. , Clark , L. R. , Anderson , D. J. and Nix , H. A. Canberra : Ecological Society of Australia . (memoirs I)
   Google Scholar
• Adkisson , P. L. 1986 . Integrated pest management . Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. , 32 : 136 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Altieri , M. A. 1990 . “ Why study traditional agriculture? ” . In Agroecology , Edited by: Carroll , C. R. , Vandermeer , J. H. and Rosset , P. 551 – 564 . New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Altieri , M. A. and Merrick , L. C. 1988 . “ Agroecology and in situ conservation of native crop diversity in the third world ” . In Biodiversity , Edited by: Wilson , E. O. 361 – 369 . 521 Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Altieri , M. A. and Merrick , L. C. 1987 . In situ conversation of crop genetic resources through maintenance of traditional farming systems . Econ. Bot. , 41 : 86 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andow , D. A. and Rosset , P. M. 1990 . “ Integrated pest management ” . In Agroecology , Edited by: Carroll , C. R. , Vandermeer , J. H. and Rosset , P. 413 – 439 . New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Andrews , K. L. 1989 . “ Slug pests of dry beans in Central America ” . In Slugs and Snail Pests in World Agriculture , Edited by: Henderson , I. 85 – 89 . Thorton Heath, , England : British Crop Protection Council .
   Google Scholar
• Andrews , K. L. and Bentley , J. W. 1990 . IPM and resource‐poor Central American farmers . Global Pesticide Monitor , 1 2 May : 7 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Arnon , I. 1989 . Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer , London : Elsevier Applied Science .
   Google Scholar
• Ashby , J. A. 1985 . The social ecology of soil erosion in a Colombian farming system . Rural Soc. , 50 Fall : 377 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barfield , C. S. and O'Neil , R. J. 1984 . Is an ecological understanding a requisite for pest management? . Florida Entomologist , 67 : 42 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Barfield , C. S. and Stimac , J. L. 1980 . Pest management: An entomological perspective . Bioscience , 30 : 683 – 689 .
   Google Scholar
• Barfield , C. S. , Markie , J. , Mangan , J. , Soehardjan , S. Padmanagara and Roberts , R. 1991 . Mid‐term review mission: UFT/INS/067/INS, training and development of integrated pest management in rice‐based cropping systems . Mission Rpt. , July : 180
   Google Scholar
• Baxter , M. and Pickering , D. C. 1988 . Training and visit: Getting back to basics . Hortscience , June : 1307 – 1321 .
   Google Scholar
• Beckerman , S. 1983 . Does the swidden ape the jungle? . Human Ecol. , 11 : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Benor , D. and Baxter , M. 1984 . Training and Visit Extension , 199 Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Benor , D. , Harrison , J. Q. and Baxter , M. 1984 . Agricultural Extension —The Training and Visit System , Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Bentley , J. W. 1992 . Alternatives to pesticides in Central America: Applied studies of local knowledge . Culture and Agriculture , 44 : 10 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Bentley , J. W. 1989 . What farmers don't know can't help them: The strengths and weaknesses of indigenous technical knowledge in Honduras . Agriculture and Human Values , 6 : 25 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Bentley , J. W. The epistemology of plant protection: Honduran campesino knowledge of pests and natural enemies . Proceed. Seminar on Crop Protect, for Resource‐Poor Farmers . Edited by: Gibson , R. W. and Sweetmore , A. 4–8 November . pp. 107 – 118 . East Sussex, UF : Isle of Thorns Conference Center . Natural Res. Institute
   Google Scholar
• Bentley , J. W. and Andrews , K. L. 1991 . Pests, peasants, and publications: anthropological and entomological views of an integrated pest management program for small scale Honduran farmers . Human Organization , 50 (2) : 113 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley , J. W. and Melara , W. 1991 . Experimenting with Honduran farmer‐experimenters. Agricultural Administration (Research and Extension) . Network Newsletter , 24 June : 31 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Bottrell , D. G. 1979 . Integrated Pest Management , US Government Printing Office No. 041–011–0049–1 120 Council on Environmental Quality . Report for
   Google Scholar
• Bottrell , D. G. 1983 . Social problems in pest management in the tropics . Insect Science & Application , 4 : 179 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Bottrell , D. G. and Adkisson , P. L. 1977 . Cotton insect pest management . Ann. Rev. Entomol. , 22 : 451 – 481 .
   Google Scholar
• Bramble , B. J. 1989 . An environmentalist's view of pest management and the Green Revolution . Tropical Pest Management , 35 : 228 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , L. R. 1989 . Feeding six billion . World Watch , 2 (5) : 32 – 41 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butler , C. B. 1983 . Farming systems research and the land grant system: Transferring assumptions elsewhere . Rural Soc. , 3 : 220 – 228 .
   Google Scholar
• Chacon , J. C. and Gleissman , S. R. 1982 . The use of the “non‐weed” concept in traditional agroecosystems of South‐Eastern Mexico . Agro‐Ecosystems , 8 (1) : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Claar , J. B. , Dahl , D. T. and Watts , L. H. 1984 . The Cooperative Extension Service: An Adaptable Model for Developing Countries , 27 Urbana‐Champaign : Office of International Agriculture, University of Illinois .
   Google Scholar
• Clawson , D. L. 1985 . Harvest security and intraspecific diversity in traditional tropical agriculture . Econ. Bot. , 39 : 56 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochrane , T. T. and Sanchez , P. 1982 . “ Land resources, soils and their management in the Amazon region: A state of the knowledge report ” . In Amazonia: Agriculture and Land Use Research , Edited by: Hecht , S. B. 137 – 209 . Cali, , Colombia : Centrao Internacional de Agricultural Tropical .
   Google Scholar
• Conway , G. R. 1985 . “ What is an agroecosystem and why is it worthy of study? ” . In An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia , Edited by: Rambo , A. T. and Sajise , P. E. Los Banos : University of the Philippines .
   Google Scholar
• Conway , G. R. , Manwan , I. and McCauley , D. S. 1983 . The developoment of marginal lands in the tropics . Nature , 304 : 392
   Google Scholar
• Dahlberg , K. A. 1979 . Beyond the Green Revolution: The Ecology and Politics of Global Agricultural Development , 256 New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deneven , W. M. , Treace , J. M. and Alcorn , J. B. 1984 . Indigenous agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon: Bora Indian management of swidden fallows . Interciencia , 9 : 346 – 357 .
   Google Scholar
• Dilts , R. Re‐assessing extension: The case of IPM in Indonesia . Background notes for a presentation at the working group meeting for the Regional Cooperative Programme for Improvement of Food Legumes and Coarse Grains in Asia . Chiang Mai, Thailand. pp. 30 Intercountry Programme for the Development and Application of Integrated Pest Control in Rice in South and Southeast Asia: Phase III. Supplementary Document 5
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlich , P. R. and Ehrlich , A. H. 1970 . Population, Resources, Environment: Issues in Human Ecology , 383 San Francisco : W. H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Fernandex , E. C. M. , Oktingati , A. and Maghembe , J. 1984 . The Chagga homegardens: A mul‐tistoried agroforestry cropping system on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania) . Agroforestry Systems , 2 : 73 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Frisbie , R. E. and Adkisson , P. L. 1985 . “ IPM: definitions and current status in U.S. agriculture ” . In Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems , Edited by: Hoy , M. A. and Herzog , D. C. 41 – 51 . 589 New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Galindo , J. J. , Abawi , G. S. , Thurston , H. D. and Galvez , G. 1983 . Effect of mulching on web blight of beans in Costa Rica . Phytopathology , 73 : 610 – 615 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia , R. 1980 . Chenopodium ambrosioldes L., Planta con uso potencial en el combate de nematodos fitoparasitos . Agricultura Tropical (CSAT) , 2 : 92 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Gattas , J. M. and Eger , J. M. 1993 . The university of the future . Cosmos , 1993 : 80 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Gleissman , S. R. 1983 . Allelopathic interactions in crop‐weed mixtures: Applications for weed management . J. Chem. Ecol. , 9 : 991 – 999 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gleissman , S. R. and Alarcon , M. A. 1980 . “ Ecological aspects of production in traditional agro‐ecosystems in the humid lowland tropics of Mexico ” . In Tropical Ecology and Development , Edited by: Furtado , J. 601 – 608 . Kuala Lampur, , Malaysia : International Society for Tropical Ecology .
   Google Scholar
• Goodell , G. 1984 . Challenges to international pest management research and extension in the third world: Do we really want IPM to work? . Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. , Fall : 18 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodell , G. , Andrews , K. L. and Lopez , J. I. 1990 . The contributions of agronomo‐anthropologists to on‐farm research and extension in integrated pest management . Agricultural Systems , 32 : 321 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , F. Jr. 1984 . The Dragon Hunters , 334 New York : E. P. Dutton .
   Google Scholar
• Helms , J. D. 1970 . The cotton boll weevil in Texas and Louisiana, 1892–1907 , 128 Tallahassee : Department of History, Florida State University . M.S. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Hill , D. 1975 . Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control , 516 London : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hiraoka , M. 1985 . Floodplain farming in the Peruvian Amazon . Geog. Rev. Japan , 58 (1) : 1 – 23 . Series B
   Google Scholar
• Hobhouse , H. 1986 . Seeds of Change: Five Plants That Transformed Mankind , 252 New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Huapaya , F. , Salas , B. and Lescano , L. 1982 . Ethnophytopathology of the Aymara communities of the Titicaca lakeshore . Fitipathologia , 17 : 8
   Google Scholar
• Huffaker , C. B. 1980 . New Technology of Pest Control , 500 New York : Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• ICA1TI . 1977 . An environmental and economic study of the consequences of pesticide use in Central American cotton production , Final Rpt. UN Environmental Program Project Nos. 0205–73–002 and 0108–75–007 Instituto Centromaericano de Investigación y Tecnología Industrial .
   Google Scholar
• Jansen , D. H. 1973 . Tropical agroecosystems . Science , 182 : 1212 – 1219 .
   Google Scholar
• Karg , J. 1977 . “ Influence of shelterbelts on distribution and mortality of Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.) ” . In Les Bocages: Histoire, Ecologie, Economie , Edited by: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique . 397 – 400 . Rennes, , France : Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris . Table Ronde: Aspects Physiques, Biologiques et Humains des Ecosystemes Bocagers des Regions Temperees Humides. 5–7 Juillet, 1976
   Google Scholar
• Kenmore , P. E. 1991 . Indonesia's integrated pest management—a model for Asia , 56 Manila, , Philippines : Publication from Inter‐Country Programme for Integrated Pest Control in Rice in South and Southeast Asia . PO Box 1864
   Google Scholar
• Kogan , M. , ed. 1986 . Ecological Theory and Integrated Pest Management Practice , 362 New York : Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• League of Women Voters . 1989 . America's growing dilemma: Pesticdes in food and water . The Food Forum Education Project: A Citizen's Guide , : 20
   Google Scholar
• Legutowska , H. and Plaskota , E. 1986 . “ Influence des conditions d'environnement et de culture sur deux ravageurs des plantes maraicheres: la mouche de la carotte (Psllarosae Fab.) et la teigne due poreau (Acrolepiopsis assectella Z.) ” . In Impact de la structure des paysages agricoles sur la protection des cultures , Edited by: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique . 61 – 72 . Paris : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique . Les Colloques de l'INRA, No. 36, Colloque France‐Pologne, Poznon, 9–14 Septembre, 1985
   Google Scholar
• Levins , R. 1986 . “ Perspectives in integrated pest management: From an industrial to ecological model of pest management ” . In Ecological theory and integrated pest management practice , Edited by: Kogan , M. 362 New York : Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Liebman , M. 1987 . “ Polyculture cropping systems ” . In Agroecology: The Scientific Basis of Alternative Agriculture , Edited by: Altieri , M. A. 115 – 125 . Boulder, CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Light , D. W. 1986 . Corporate medicine for profit . Scientific American , 255 : 38 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinlay , J. B. and Stoeckle , J. D. 1988 . Corporatization and the social transformation of doctoring . Int. J. Health Serv. , 18 : 191 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta , N. N. 1983 . “ Developing technical recommendations and research‐extension linkages: Experience in India ” . In Agricultural Extension by Training and Visit. The Asian Experience , Edited by: Cernea , M. M. , Coulter , J. K. and Russell , J. F. A. 35 – 46 . Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Metcalf , R. L. 1980 . Changing role of insecticides in crop protection . Ann. Rev. Entomol. , 25 : 219 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. H. 1993 . The stalemate in food and agricultural research, teaching, and extension. Policy Forum . Science , 260 : 881 1007
   Google Scholar
• Oldfield , M. L. and Alcorn , J. B. 1987 . Conservation of traditional agroecosystems . Bioscience , 37 : 199 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins , J. H. 1982 . Insects, Experts, and the Insecticide Crisis: The Quest for New Pest Management Strategies , 304 New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pimentel , D. , ed. 1981 . Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture , Vol. 1 , 597 Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes , R. 1991 . The world's food supply at risk . National Geographic , April : 74 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Risch , S. 1980 . The population dynamics of several herbivorous beetles in a tropical agroeco‐system: The effect of intercropping corn, beans, and squash in Costa Rica . J. Appl. Ecol. , 17 : 593
   Google Scholar
• Selcraig , B. 1991 . Costa Rica's lethal harvest . International Wildlife , 21 (6) : 20 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Shaner , W. W. , Philipp , P. F. and Schmehi , W. R. 1982 . Farming Systems Research and Development. Guidelines for Developing Countries , 405 Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shaxson , L. J. and Bentley , J. W. 1991 . Economic factors influencing the choice of pest control technology by small‐scale Honduran farmers , Rpt. of study conducted 16 Feb.‐4 May, 1991. Natural Resources Institute Project A0059 86 Overseas Development Administration .
   Google Scholar
• Simmonds , N. W. 1985 . Farming systems research: A review , Technical Paper No. 43 97 Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , N. J. H. , Williams , J. T. , Plucknett , D. L. and Talbot , J. P. 1992 . Tropical Forests and Their Crops , 568 Ithaca, NY : Comstock Publishing Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R. F. 1978 . “ History and complexity of integrated pest management ” . In Pest Control Strategies , Edited by: Smith , E. H. and Pimentel , D. 41 – 53 . 334 New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R. F. , Apple , J. L. and Bottrell , D. G. 1976 . “ The origins of integrated pest management concepts for agricultural crops ” . In Integrated Pest Management , Edited by: Apple , J. L. and Smith , R. F. 1 – 16 . 200 New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Soule , J. , Carre , D. and Jackson , W. 1990 . “ Ecological impact of modern agriculture ” . In Agroecology , Edited by: Carroll , C. R. , Vandermeer , J. H. and Rosset , P. 165 – 188 . New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Stone , R. 1992 . Researchers score victory over pesticides—and pests—in Asia . Science , 256 : 1272 – 1273 .
   Google Scholar
• Tangley , L. 1987 . Beyond the green revolution . Bioscience , 37 : 176 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Teng , P. S. , Torres , C. Q. , Nuque , F. L. and Calvero , S. B. Crop Loss Assessment in Rice . Proceed. Int. Workshop on Crop Loss Assessment to Improve Pest Management in Rice and Rice‐Based Cropping Systems in South and Southeast Asia . Oct. 11–17 1987 . Current knowledge on crop losses in tropical rice , pp. 39 – 53 . 334 Manila, , Philippines : International Rice Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Thurston , H. D. 1990 . Plant disease management practices of traditional farmers . Plant Disease , 74 (2) : 96 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treacy , J. M. 1989 . “ Agricultural terraces in Peru's Coica Valley: Promises and problems of an ancient technology ” . In Fragile Lands in Latin America: Strategies for Sustainable Development , Edited by: Browder , J. O. 209 – 229 . Boulder, CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Vietmeyer , N. D. 1986 . Lesser‐known plants of potential use in agriculture and forestry . Science , 232 : 1379 – 1384 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Braun , J. 1991 . “ The links between agricultural growth, environmental degradation, and nutrition and health: Implications for policy and research ” . In Agricultural Sustainability, Growth and Poverty Alleviation: Issues and Policies , Edited by: Vosti , S. A. , Reardon , T. and von Urff , W. 73 – 98 . Berlin : Food and Agriculture Development Center .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , P. T. 1987 . Losses in yield due to pests in tropical crops and their value in policy decision‐making . Insect Science & Application , 8 (4/5/6) : 665 – 671 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiley , R. W. 1979 . Intercropping—its importance and research needs. Part I. Competition and yield advantages . Field Crops Abstr. , 32 : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilken , G. C. 1987 . Good Farmers. Traditional Agricultural Resource Management in Mexico and Central America , 302 Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , E. O. , ed. 1988 . Biodiversity , 521 Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wortman , S. 1976 . Food and agriculture . Scientific American , 235 : 30 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadoks , J. C. Crop Loss Assessment in Rice . Proceed. Int. Workshop on Crop Loss Assessment to Improve Pest Management in Rice and Rice‐Based Cropping Systems in South and Southeast Asia . Oct. 11–17 1987 . Crop loss assessment: A historical perspective and rationale , pp. 1 – 9 . 334 Manila, , Philippines : International Rice Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R‐03061.
   Google Scholar
• To whom correspondence should be sent at the Department of Entomology, University of Florida, Bldg. 970, Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611–0740.
   Google Scholar