Understanding Strategic Information Use During Emotional Expression Judgments in Williams Syndrome

References

• Annaz, D., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Johnson, M. H., & Thomas, M. S. (2009). A cross-syndrome study of the development of holistic face recognition in children with autism, Down syndrome, and Williams syndrome. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 102(4), 456–486. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2008.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellugi, U., Lichtenberger, L., Jones, W., Lai, Z., & St George, M. (2000). The neurocognitive profile of Williams syndrome: A complex pattern of strengths and weaknesses. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 7–29. doi:10.1162/089892900561959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellugi, U., Sabo, H., & Vaid, J. (1988). Spatial deficits in children with Williams syndrome. In J. Stiles-Davis, M. Kritchevsky, & U. Bellugi (Eds.), Spatial cognition: Brain bases and development (pp. 273–298). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Chauvin, A., Worsley, K., Schyns, P., Arguin, M., & Gosselin, F. (2005). Accurate statistical tests for smooth classification images. Journal of Vision, 5, 659–667. doi:10.1167/5.9.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chevallier, C., Kohls, G., Troiani, V., Brodkin, E., & Schultz, R. (2012). The social motivation theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 231–239. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dailey, M., Cottrell, G. W., & Reilly, J. (2001). California Facial Expressions (CAFE). Unpublished digital images.
   Google Scholar
• Deruelle, C., Mancini, J., Livet, M., Casse-Perrot, C., & De Schonen, S. (1999). Configural and local processing of faces in children with Williams syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 41(3), 276–298. doi:10.1006/brcg.1999.1127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitriou, D., Leonard, H., Karmiloff‐Smith, A., Johnson, M. H., & Thomas, M. S. (2014). Atypical development of configural face recognition in children with autism, Down syndrome and Williams syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. doi:10.1111/jir.12141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnai, D., & Karmiloff‐Smith, A. (2000). Williams syndrome: From genotype through to the cognitive phenotype. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 97, 164–171. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1096-8628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, L. M., Whetton, C., & Pintilie, D. (1997). British Picture Vocabulary Scale. Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
   Google Scholar
• D’Souza, D., Booth, R., Connolly, M., Happé, F., & Karmiloff‐Smith, A. (2016). Rethinking the concepts of ‘local or global processors’: Evidence from Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Developmental Science, 19(3), 452–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1978). The facial action coding system (FACS): A technique for the measurement of facial action. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ewing, L., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Farran, E., & Smith, M. L. (2017a). Developmental changes in the critical information used for facial expression processing. Cognition, 166, 56–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewing, L., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Farran, E., & Smith, M. L. (2017b). A distinct profile of information-use characterizes face identity judgments in children and low-expertise adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. in press.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farran, E., Jarrold, C., & Gathercole, S. E. (2003). Divided attention, selective attention and drawing: Processing preferences in Williams syndrome are dependent on the task administered. Neuropsychologia, 41, 676–687. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00219-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frigerio, E., Burt, D. M., Gagliardi, C., Cioffi, G., Martelli, S., Perrett, D. I., & Borgatti, R. (2006). Is everybody always my friend? Perception of approachability in Williams syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 44(2), 254–259. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagliardi, C., Frigerio, E., Burt, D. M., Cazzaniga, I., Perrett, D. I., & Borgatti, R. (2003). Facial expression recognition in Williams syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 41(6), 733–738. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00178-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosselin, F., & Schyns, P. (2001). Bubbles: A technique to reveal the use of information in recognition tasks. Vision Research, 41(17), 2261–2271. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(01)00097-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas, B. W., Hoeft, F., Searcy, Y. M., Mills, D., Bellugi, U., & Reiss, A. (2010). Individual differences in social behavior predict amygdala response to fearful facial expressions in Williams syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 48, 1283–1288. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas, B. W., Mills, D., Yam, A., Hoeft, F., Bellugi, U., & Reiss, A. (2009). Genetic influences on sociability: Heightened amygdala reactivity and event-related responses to positive social stimuli in Williams syndrome. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 1132–1139. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5324-08.2009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Järvinen, A., Korenberg, J., & Bellugi, U. (2013). The social phenotype of Williams syndrome. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 23, 414–422. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, W., Bellugi, U., Zona, L., Chiles, M., Reilley, J., Lincoln, A., & Adolphs, R. (2000). Hypersociability in Williams syndrome. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 30–46. doi:10.1162/089892900561968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2009). Nativism versus neuroconstructivism: Rethinking the study of developmental disorders. Developmental Psychology, 45, 56–63. doi:10.1037/a0014506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmiloff‐Smith, A., Thomas, M., Annaz, D., Humphreys, K., Ewing, S., Brace, N., … Campbell, R. (2004). Exploring the Williams syndrome face‐processing debate: The importance of building developmental trajectories. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1258–1274. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00322.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Key, A., & Duykens, E. (2016). Processing of stimulus content but not of emtional valence is altered in persons with WIlliams syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60, 993–1009. doi:10.1111/jir.12319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacroix, A., Guidetti, M., Rogé, B., & Reilly, J. (2009). Recognition of emotional and nonemotional facial expressions: A comparison between Williams syndrome and autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 976–985. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2009.02.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laing, E., Butterworth, G., Ansari, D., Gsödl, M., Longhi, E., Panagiotaki, G., … Karmiloff‐Smith, A. (2002). Atypical development of language and social communication in toddlers with Williams syndrome. Developmental Science, 5, 233–247. doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, K., Riby, D. M., Janes, E., Clark, F., Fleck, R., & Rodgers, J. (2013). Heterogeneity of social approach behaviour in Williams syndrome: the role of response inhibition. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(3),959–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Castilla, P., Burt, M., Borgatti, R., & Gagliardi, C. (2014). Facial emotion recognition in Williams syndrome and Down syndrome: A matching and developmental study. Child Neuropsychology, 21(5) 668–692.
   Google Scholar
• Maurer, D., Le Grand, R., & Mondloch, C. (2002). The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 255–260. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mervis, C., & Klein-Tasman, B. (2004). Methodological issues in group-matching designs: Alpha levels for control variable comparisons and measurement characteristics of control and target variables. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 7–17. doi:10.1023/B:JADD.0000018069.69562.b8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mervis, C. B., Morris, C. A., Klein-Tasman, B. P., Bertrand, J., Kwitny, S., Appelbaum, L. G., & Rice, C. E. (2003). Attentional characteristics of infants and toddlers with Williams syndrome during triadic interactions. Developmental Neuropsychology, 23(1–2), 243–268. doi:10.1080/87565641.2003.9651894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Hariri, A., Munoz, K., Mervis, C. B., Mattay, V., Morris, C., & Berman, K. F. (2005). Neural correlates of genetically abnormal social cognition in Williams syndrome. Nature Neuroscience 8, 991–993.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Mervis, C. B., & Berman, K. F. (2006). Neural mechanisms in Williams syndrome: A unique window to genetic influences on cognition and behaviour. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 380–393. doi:10.1038/nrn1906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mimura, M., Hoeft, F., Kato, M., Kobayashi, N., Sheau, K., Piggot, J., … Reiss, A. L. (2010). A preliminary study of orbitofrontal activation and hypersociability in Williams syndrome. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2, 93–98. doi:10.1007/s11689-009-9041-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plesa-Skwerer, D., Faja, S., Schofield, C., Verbalis, A., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2006). Perceiving facial and vocal expressions of emotion in individuals with Williams syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111(1), 15–26. doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[15:PFAVEO]2.0.CO;2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pober, B. R. (2010). Williams–Beuren syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 362, 239–252. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0903074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M., Shaw, T. A., & Marsh, P. J. (2010). An unusual attraction to the eyes in Williams-Beuren syndrome: A manipulation of facial affect while measuring face scanpaths. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 15(6), 505–530. doi:10.1080/13546801003644486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven, J. (1993). Coloured progressive matrices. Oxford, UK: Information Press Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Riby, D., & Hancock, P. (2008). Viewing it differently: Social scene perception in Williams syndrome and autism. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2855–2860. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riby, D., & Hancock, P. (2009). Do faces capture the attention of individuals with Williams syndrome or autism? Evidence from tracked eye movements. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 421–431. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0641-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richler, J., Cheung, O., & Gauthier, I. (2011). Holistic processing predicts face recognition. Psychological Science, 22, 464–471. doi:10.1177/0956797611401753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M. L., Cottrell, G., Gosselin, F., & Schyns, P. (2005). Transmitting and decoding facial expressions. Psychological Science, 16(3), 184–189. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00801.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M. L., Letizia Cesana, M., Farran, E., Karmiloff-Smith, A., & Ewing, L. (2017). A “spoon full of sugar” helps the medicine go down and the experimental outcomes up: How a participant friendly version of a psychophysics task significantly improves task engagement, performance and data quality in a typical adult sample. Behavior Research Methods, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. L., & Merlusca, C. (2014). How task shapes the use of information during facial expression categorisations. Emotion, 14, 478–487. doi:10.1037/a0035588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tager-Flusberg, H., Plesa-Skwerer, D., Faja, S., & Joseph, R. M. (2003). People with Williams syndrome process faces holistically. Cognition, 89(1), 11–24. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(03)00049-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udwin, O., & Yule, W. (1991). A cognitive and behavioural phenotype in Williams syndrome. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13(2), 232–244. doi:10.1080/01688639108401040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, P., Doherty, S., Rourke, S. B., & Bellugi, U. (1995). Unique profile of visuo-perceptual skills in a genetic syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 29(1), 54–65. doi:10.1006/brcg.1995.1267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, R., Li, J., Fang, H., Tian, M., & Liu, J. (2012). Individual differences in holistic processing predict face recognition ability. Psychological Science, 23(2), 169–177. doi:10.1177/0956797611420575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar