Pulmonary veins branching pattern, assessed by magnetic resonance, does not affect transcatheter atrial fibrillation ablation outcome

References

• Feinberg WM, Blackshear JL, Laupacis A, Kronmal R, Hart RG. Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation. Analysis and implications. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 469–73.
   Google Scholar
• Alonso A, Agarwal SK, Soliman EZ, Ambrose M, Chamberlain AM, Prineas RJ, Folsom AR. Incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites and African-Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am Heart J2009; 158: 111-7.
   Google Scholar
• Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G, Garrigue S, Le Mouroux A, Le Métayer P, Clémenty J. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation byectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 659–66.
   Google Scholar
• Moe GK, Abildskov JA. Atrial fibrillation as a self-sustaining arrhythmia independent of focal discharge. Am Heart J1959; 58: 59-70.
   Google Scholar
• Nademanee K, McKenzie J, Kosar E, Schwab M, Sunsaneewitayakul B, Vasavakul T, Khunnawat C, Khunnawat C, Ngarmukos T. A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 2044–53.
   Google Scholar
• Jais P, Cauchemex B, Made L, Daoud E, Khairy P, Subbiah R, Hocini M, Extramiana F, Sacher F, Bordachar P, Klein G, Weerasooriya R, Clémenty J, Harissaguerre M. Catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: the A4 study. Circulation 2008; 118: 2498–505.
   Google Scholar
• Terasawa T, Balk EM, Chung M Garlitski AC, Alsheikh-Ali AA, Lau J, Ip S. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151; 191–202.
   Google Scholar
• Pontoppidan J, Nielsen JC, Poulsen SH, Hansen PS. Symptomatic and asymptomatic atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein ablation and the impact on quality of life. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2009; 32: 717–26.
   Google Scholar
• Pappone C, Rosanio S, Oreto G, Tocchi M, Gugliotta F, Vicedomini G, Salvati A, Dicandia C, Mazzone P, SantinelliV. Gulletta S, Chierchia S. Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: a new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2000; 102: 2619–28.
   Google Scholar
• Jais P, Hocini M, Hsu LF, Sanders P, Scavee C, Weerasooriya R, Made L, Raybaud F, Garrigue S, Shah DC, Le Metayer P, Clémenty J, Haïssaguerre M. Technique and results of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus. Circulation 2004; 110: 2996–3002.
   Google Scholar
• Hocini M, Jais P, Sanders P, Takahashi Y, Rotter M, Rostock T, Hsu LF, Sacher F, Reuter S, Clémenty J, Haïssaguerre M. Techniques, evaluation, and consequences of linear block at the left atrial roof in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a pros-pective randomized study. Circulation 2005; 112: 3688–96.
   Google Scholar
• Off MK, Solheim E, Hoff PI, Schuster P, Ohm OJ, Chen J. Atrio-pulmonary vein conduction delay during pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation is related to vein anatomy, age, and focal activity. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2009; 32 Suppl 1: S207–10.
   Google Scholar
• Kourliouros A, Savelieva I, Kiotsekoglou A, Jahangiri M, Camm J. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 2009; 157: 243–52.
   Google Scholar
• Perez MV, Dewey FE, Marcus R Ashley EA, Al-Ahmad AA, Wang PJ, Froelicher VF. Electrocardiographic predic-tors of atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 2009; 158: 622–8.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Gage BF, Deych E, Rich MW. Anemia: an independent predictor of death and hospitalizations among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 2009; 157: 1057–63.
   Google Scholar
• Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, Grassi G, Heagerty AM, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope L, Rynkiewicz A, Schmieder RE, Struijker Boudier HA, Zanchetti A, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, Dean V, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hellemans I, Kristensen SD, McGregor K, Sechtem U, Silber S, Tendera M, Widimsky P, Zamorano JL, Kjeldsen SE, Erdine S, Narkiewicz K, Kiowski W, Agabiti-Rosei E, Ambrosioni E, Cifkova R, Dominiczak A, Fagard R, Heagerty AM, Laurent S, Lindholm LH, Mancia G, Manolis A, Nilsson PM, Redon J, Schmieder RE, Struijker-Boudier HA, Viigimaa M, Filippatos G, Adamopoulos S, Agabiti-Rosei E, Ambrosioni E, Bertomeu V, Clement D, Erdine S, Farsang C, Gaita D, Kiowski W, Lip G, Mallion JM, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, O'Brien E, Ponikowski P, Redon J, Ruschitzka F, Tamargo J, van Zwieten P, Viigimaa M, Waeber B, Williams B, Zamorano JL. 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J2007; 28: 1462-1536.
   Google Scholar
• National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel (ATP III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143–421.
   Google Scholar
• Rydén L, Standl E, Bartnik M, Van den Berghe G, Betteridge J, de Boer MJ, Cosentino F, Jönsson B, Laakso M, Malmberg K, Priori S, Ostergren J, Tuomilehto J, Thrainsdottir I, Vanhorebeek I, Stramba-Badiale M, Lindgren P, Qiao Q, Priori SG, Blanc JJ, Budaj A, Camm J, Dean V, Deckers J, Dickstein K, Lekakis J, McGregor K, Metra M, Morais J, Osterspey A, Tamargo J, Zamorano JL, Deckers JW, Bertrand M, Charbonnel B, Erdmann E, Ferrannini E, Flyvbj erg A, Gohlke H, Juanatey JR, GrahamI, Monteiro PF, Parhofer K, Pyöräld K, Raz I, Scher-nthaner G, Volpe M, Wood D. Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive sum-mary. Eur Heart J2007; 28: 88-136.
   Google Scholar
• Baskin HJ, Cobin RH, Duick DS, Gharib H, Guttler RB, Kaplan MM, Segal RL. American association of clinical endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Endocr Pract 2002; 8: 457–69.
   Google Scholar
• National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classi-fication, and Stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39: S1–266.
   Google Scholar
• Natale A, Raviele A, Arentz T, Calkins H, Chen SA, HaIssaguerre M, Hindricks G, Ho Y, Kuck KB, MarchlinskiF, Napolitano C, Packer D, Pappone C, Prystowsky EN, Schilling R, Shah D, Themistoclakis S, Verma A. Venice Chart international consensus document on atrial fibrillation Ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007; 18: 560–80.
   Google Scholar
• Gaita F, Caponi D, Scaglione M, Montefusco A, Corleto A, Di Monte F, Coin D Di Donna P, Giustetto C. Long term clinical results of two different ablation strategies in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Circ Arr-hythmia Electrophysiol 2008; 1: 269–75.
   Google Scholar
• Helms AS, West JJ, Patel A, Lipinski MJ, Mangrum JM, Mounsey JP, Dimarco JP, Ferguson JD. Relation of the left atrial volume from three-dimensional computed tomography to atrial fibrillation recurrence following ablation. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103: 989–93.
   Google Scholar
• Kato R, Lickfett L, Meininger G, Dickfeld T, Wu R, Juang G, Angkeow P, LaCorte J, Bluemke D, Berger R, Halperin HR, Calkins H. Pulmonary vein anatomy in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: lessons learned by use of magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2003; 107: 2004–10.
   Google Scholar
• Hof I, Chilukuri K, Arbab-Zadeh A, Scherr D, Dalal D, Nazarian S, Henrikson C, Spragg D, Berger R, Marine J, Calkins H. Does left atrial volume and pulmonary venous anatomy predict the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009; 20: 1005–10.
   Google Scholar
• Cappato R, Calkins H, Chen SA, Davies W, Iesaka Y, Kalman J, Kim YH, Klein G, Packer D, Skanes A. Worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2005; 111: 1100–05.
   Google Scholar
• Marsan NA, Tops LF, Holman ER, Van de Veire NR, Zeppenfeld K, Boersma E, van der Wall EE, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ. Comparison of left atrial volumes and function by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in patients having catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with persistence of sinus rhythm versus recurrent atrial fibrillation three months later. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 847–53.
   Google Scholar
• Tsang TSM, Abhayaratna WP, Barnes ME, Miyasaka Y, Gersh BJ, Bailey KR, Cha SS, Seward JB. Prediction of cardiovascular outcomes with left atrial size: is volume supe-rior to area or diameter? J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 1018–23.
   Google Scholar
• Okumura Y, Watanabe I, Ohkubo K, Yamada T, Kawauchi K, Takagi Y, Ashino S, Kofune M, Kofune T, Hashimoto K, Shindo A, Sugimura H, Nakai T, Kunimoto S, Saito S, Hirayama A. Full-motion two- and three-dimensional pulmonary vein imaging by intracardiac echocardiography after pulmonary vein isolation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008; 31: 409–17.
   Google Scholar
• Hof I, Arbab-Zadeh A, Scherr D, Chilukuri K, Dalal D, Abraham T, Lima J, Calkins H. Correlation of left atrial diameter by echocardiography and left atrial volume bycomputed tomography. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009; 20: 159–63.
   Google Scholar
• Scharf C, Sneider M, Case I, Chugh A, Lai SW, Pelosi F Jr, Knight BP, Kazerooni E, Morady F, Oral H. Anatomy of the pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation and effects of segmental ostial ablation analyzed by computed tomography. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003; 14: 150–5.
   Google Scholar
• Hauser T, Peters DC, Wylie JV, Manning WJ. Evaluating the left atrium by magnetic resonance imaging. Europace 2008; 10: 22–7.
   Google Scholar
• Mansour M, Refaat M, Heist EK, Mela T, Cury R, Holmvang G, Ruskin JN. Three-dimensional anatomy of the left atrium by magnetic resonance angiography: implications for catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006; 17: 719–23.
   Google Scholar
• Micochova H, Tintera J, Porod V. Peichl P, Cihak R, Kautzner J. Magnetic resonance angiography of pulmonary veins: implications for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing ClM Electrophysiol 2005; 28: 1073–80.
   Google Scholar
• Heist EK, Refaat M, Danik SB, Holmvang G, Ruskin JN, Mansour M. Analysis of the left atrial appendance by magnetic resonance angiography in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2006; 3: 1313–8.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas L, Boyd A, Thomas SP, Schiller NB, Ross DL. Atrial structural remodelling and restoration of atrial contraction after linear ablation for atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J2003; 24: 1942-51.
   Google Scholar
• Fatema K, Barnes ME, Bailey KR, Abhayaratna WP, Cha S, Seward JB, Tsang TS. Minimum vs. maximum left atrial volume for prediction of first atrial fibrillation or flutter in an elderly cohort: a prospective study. Eur J Echo cardiogr 2009; 10: 282–6.
   Google Scholar
• Hauser TH, McClennen S, Katsimaglis G, Josephson ME, Manning WJ, Yeon SB. Assessment of left atrial volume by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2004; 6: 491–7.
   Google Scholar
• Mansour M, Holmvang G, Sosnovik D, Migrino R, Abbara S, Ruskin J, Keane D. Assessment of pulmonary vein anato-mic variability by magnetic resonance imaging: Implicationsfor catheter ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation. J Car-diovasc Electrophysiol 2004; 15: 387–93.
   Google Scholar
• Berruezo A, Tamborero D, Mont L, Benito B, Tolosana JM, Sitges M, Vidal B, Arriagada G, Mendez F, Matiello M, Molina I, Brugada J. Pre-procedural predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 836–41.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang H, Lu Z, Lei H, Zhao D, Yang B, Huang C. Predictors of early recurrence and delayed cure after segmental pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation without structural heart disease. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2006; 15: 157–63.
   Google Scholar
• Chen J, Hoff PI, Erga KS, Rossvoll 0, Ohm OJ. A clinical study of patients with and without recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005; 28(suppl): 586-589.
   Google Scholar
• Kottkamp H, Tanner H, Kobza R, Schirdewahn P, Dorszewski A, Gerds-Li JH, Carbucicchio C, Piorkowski C, Hindricks G. Time courses and quantitative analysis of atrial fibrillation episode number and duration after circular plus linear left atrial lesions: trigger elimination or substrate modification: early or delayed cure? J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 869–77.
   Google Scholar
• Maciel W, Andrea E, Araujo N, Carvalho H, Belo LG, Siqueira L, Munhoz C, Cosenza R, Mitidieri F, Atié J. Prognostic criteria of success and recurrence in circumfer-ential ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Arq Bras Cardiol 2007; 88: 134–43.
   Google Scholar
• Shin SH, Park MY, Oh WJ, Hong SJ, Pak HN, Song WH, Lim DS, Kim YH, Shim WJ. Left atrial volume is a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008; 21: 697–702.
   Google Scholar
• Anselmino M, Blandino A, Beninati S, Rovera C, Boffano C, Belletti M, Caponi D, Scaglione M, Cesarani F, Gaita F. Morphologic analysis of left atrial anatomy by magnetic resonance angiography in patients with atrial fibrillation: a large single center experience. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print]; doi 10.1111/g.1540-8167.2010.01853X.
   Google Scholar